[Treatments for children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: what is the evidence base to date?]

Abstract:

:The evidence base from empirical studies is one of the elements, along with patients' preference and consideration of particular clinical state and circumstances, that should be taken into account in the process of clinical decision making. This paper provides an overview of the current evidence base for the treatment of attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), drawing on the results of the most recent meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials assessing the pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment of ADHD. Overall, available recent meta-analyses show that psychostimulants, and, although to a less extent, non psychostimulants, are efficacious in terms of control of core ADHD symptoms, at least in the short term; and although the efficacy of non-pharmacological treatments (behavioral interventions, diet, cognitive training and neurofeedback) for ADHD core symptoms remains uncertain, some non-pharmacological approach are efficacious for ADHD-related problems, such as behavioral interventions for oppositional problems and parenting skills, and cognitive training for working memory deficits. However, most of the available randomized controlled trials are short-term efficacy trials recruiting selected populations of patients and, as such, they are not fully informative for the daily clinical practice. Head-to-head trials, pragmatic trials, placebo-withdrawal trials, network meta-analyses and individual patient data meta-analyses are encouraged in the field to bridge the gap between theoretical evidence and daily clinical practice. TITLE:Tratamientos para niños y adolescentes con trastorno por deficit de atencion/hiperactividad: cual es la base de la evidencia hasta ahora? :La evidencia obtenida a partir de estudios empiricos constituye un elemento clave que, junto con la preferencia del paciente y la consideracion de su estado clinico y circunstancias particulares, deberia tenerse en cuenta en el proceso de toma de decisiones clinicas. Este articulo proporciona una vision global de la evidencia actual en relacion con el tratamiento del trastorno por deficit de atencion/hiperactividad (TDAH), y expone los resultados de los mas recientes metaanalisis de ensayos controlados aleatorizados que evaluan los tratamientos farmacologicos y no farmacologicos. En general, los recientes metaanalisis disponibles muestran que los psicoestimulantes, y en menor medida los no psicoestimulantes, son eficaces en terminos de control de los sintomas nucleares del TDAH, al menos a corto plazo, y que la eficacia para tratar los sintomas nucleares del TDAH de los tratamientos no farmacologicos (programas comportamentales, dietas, entrenamientos cognitivos y neurofeedback) continua siendo dudosa, aunque algunas intervenciones terapeuticas no farmacologicas son eficaces para resolver problemas asociados al trastorno, como las intervenciones conductuales para las conductas oposicionistas y las habilidades parentales, y el entrenamiento cognitivo para los deficits en la memoria de trabajo. No obstante, la mayoria de los ensayos controlados aleatorizados son ensayos de eficacia a corto plazo con muestras de pacientes reclutadas en poblaciones seleccionadas y, como tal, no son completamente ilustrativos para la practica clinica diaria. Con el fin de establecer una conexion entre la evidencia teorica y la practica clinica diaria, tenemos ensayos clinicos comparativos, ensayos pragmaticos, ensayos retirada-placebo, metaanalisis en red y metaanalisis con datos del paciente individual.

journal_name

Rev Neurol

journal_title

Revista de neurologia

authors

Cortese S,Rosello-Miranda R

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2017-02-24 00:00:00

pages

S3-S7

issue

s01

eissn

0210-0010

issn

1576-6578

pii

rn2017045

journal_volume

64

pub_type

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