[Status epilepticus in paediatrics: a retrospective study and review of the literature].

Abstract:

INTRODUCTION:Status epilepticus (SE) is the most common neurological emergency on pediatric. Given the possibility of neurological sequelae and mortality associated, it requires an early aggressive treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS:Retrospective descriptive study based on the review of medical histories of patients admitted to our hospital from 2010 to 2013 with a diagnosis of SE. The objective was to describe the epidemiology characteristics and the management of these patients, and to review the available literature on this topic. RESULTS:We collected 39 patients (25 males) and 51 episodes of SE. Average age: 4.8 years. Twenty-two patients had an underlying disease, 18 were known epileptic and 5 had a previous SE. With a total of 51 SE, 33 were symptomatic, 15 were febrile and 3 were cryptogenic. Types of SE: 25 were partial (16 of them complex) and 26 were generalized. TREATMENT:47 benzodiazepines as treatment of choice (40 diazepam), 3 phenytoin and 1 valproic acid. Twenty-seven patients required second-line drugs: 16 valproic acid, 8 phenytoin, 2 phenobarbital and 1 levetiracetam. Ten patients required third-line drugs for the induction of barbiturate-induced coma: midazolam was the most used in our center, followed by thiopental and propofol. Two super-refractory SE required immunoglobulins and systemic corticosteroids for appearing on the course of autoimmune encephalitis. CONCLUSIONS:The therapeutic scheme of SE should be considered since the start of any seizure. The treatment is staggered with benzodiazepines in the first stage, broad spectrum antiepileptic drugs, and intravenous availability in the second (valproic acid, levetiracetam in the generalized SE and phenytoin in the focal), while the third level varies depending on the experience of each team. TITLE:Estado epileptico en pediatria: estudio retrospectivo y revision de la bibliografia. :Introduccion. El estado epileptico (EE) es la emergencia neurologica mas frecuente en pediatria. Dada la posibilidad de secuelas neurologicas y mortalidad asociadas, requiere un tratamiento agresivo precoz. Pacientes y metodos. Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo a traves de la revision de historias clinicas de pacientes ingresados en nuestro hospital entre 2010-2013 con diagnostico de EE. El objetivo fue describir las caracteristicas epidemiologicas y el manejo de estos pacientes, asi como revisar la bibliografia disponible sobre este tema. Resultados. Hemos recogido 39 pacientes (25 varones) y 51 episodios de EE. Edad media: 4,8 años. Tenian enfermedad de base 22 pacientes. Dieciocho eran epilepticos conocidos y cinco tuvieron un EE previo. De los 51 episodios de EE, 33 fueron sintomaticos, 15 febriles y tres criptogenicos. Los tipos de EE fueron: 25 parciales (de ellos, 16 complejos) y 26 generalizados. El tratamiento de primera eleccion fue benzodiacepinas en 47 pacientes (40, diacepam), fenitoina en tres y acido valproico en uno. Veintisiete pacientes precisaron farmacos de segunda linea: 16, acido valproico; ocho, fenitoina; dos, fenobarbital; y uno, levetiracetam. Diez pacientes precisaron farmacos de tercera linea para la induccion del coma: el midazolam fue el mas utilizado en nuestro centro, seguido del tiopental y el propofol. Dos EE superrefractarios requirieron inmunoglobulinas y corticoides sistemicos por presentarse en el curso de encefalitis autoinmunes. Conclusiones. Debe plantearse el esquema terapeutico del EE desde el inicio de cualquier crisis convulsiva. El tratamiento es escalonado, con benzodiacepinas en la primera etapa, antiepilepticos de amplio espectro y disponibilidad intravenosa en la segunda (acido valproico, levetiracetam en el EE generalizado y fenitoina en el EE focal), mientras que el tercer nivel varia en funcion de la experiencia de cada equipo.

journal_name

Rev Neurol

journal_title

Revista de neurologia

authors

Moreno-Medinilla EE,Negrillo-Ruano R,Calvo-Medina R,Mora-Ramírez MD,Martínez-Antón JL

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2015-05-01 00:00:00

pages

394-400

issue

9

eissn

0210-0010

issn

1576-6578

pii

rn2015028

journal_volume

60

pub_type

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