Abstract：
INTRODUCTION:The incidence in the central nervous system diseases has increased with a growing elderly population. Unfortunately, conventional treatments used to treat the mentioned diseases are frequently ineffective due to the presence of the blood brain barrier. AIM:To illustrate the blood-brain barrier properties that limit drug transport into the brain and the main strategies employed to treat neurologic disorders. DEVELOPMENT:The blood-brain barrier is mainly composed of a specialized microvascular endothelium and of glial cells. It constitutes a valuable tool to separate the central nervous system from the rest of the body. Nevertheless, it also represents an obstacle to the delivery of therapeutic drugs to the brain. CONCLUSIONS:To be effective, drugs must reach their target in the brain. On one hand, therapeutic agents could be designed to be able to cross the blood brain barrier. On the other hand, drug delivery systems could be employed to facilitate the therapeutic agents' entry into the central nervous system. In vivo models of neurological diseases, in addition to in vitro models of the blood brain barrier, have been widely employed for the evaluation of drugs utilized to treat central nervous system diseases. TITLE:Afecciones neurologicas y barrera hematoencefalica. Limitaciones y estrategias para la liberacion de farmacos al cerebro. :Introduccion. La incidencia de enfermedades del sistema nervioso central (SNC) aumenta a causa del envejecimiento de la sociedad. Desgraciadamente, los tratamientos clasicos para tratarlas no resultan efectivos debido a la presencia de la barrera hematoencefalica. Objetivo. Abordar las propiedades de la barrera hematoencefalica que impiden el transporte de los farmacos al cerebro y las principales estrategias para tratar las afecciones neurologicas. Desarrollo. La barrera hematoencefalica esta compuesta principalmente por un endotelio vascular especializado y las celulas de la glia. Esta constituye una herramienta a disposicion del organismo para aislar al SNC del resto del cuerpo. Sin embargo, tambien supone un impedimento para que muchos farmacos alcancen su diana en el cerebro. Conclusiones. Para poder tratar las afecciones neurologicas, los farmacos deben ser capaces de alcanzar el cerebro. Los agentes terapeuticos pueden diseñarse para que sean capaces de atravesar esta barrera, o bien facilitar su entrada mediante el uso de sistemas de liberacion. Para evaluar la efectividad de los tratamientos dirigidos a enfermedades del SNC, se emplean los modelos animales de enfermedades neurologicas asi como modelos in vitro de barrera hematoencefalica.
journal_name
Rev Neuroljournal_title
Revista de neurologiaauthors
Domínguez A,Álvarez A,Suárez-Merino B,Goñi-de-Cerio Fsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-03-01 00:00:00pages
213-24issue
5eissn
0210-0010issn
1576-6578pii
rn2013314journal_volume
58pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：INTRODUCTION AND MATERIAL:Nine brains belonging to early onset Alzheimer disease (E280A-PS1 mutation) affected individuals from Antioquia, Colombia, were analyzed by neuropathological standard techniques. All individuals were ascertained from genealogies descendents from a common ancestor that shows a dominant autosomi...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION AND AIM:After acute episode, a great number of individuals who survive a stroke have impairments that impede them to carry out with autonomy a set of basic activities of daily life and instrumental activities of daily life. The clinical evaluation health self perception is a useful element on patient's rec...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:1. To critically analyze the concept of 'vegetative' state and a number of reasons that seem to justify the abandonment of this term. 2. To propose a new conceptual approach to the syndrome and, based on this approach, a new terminology. DEVELOPMENT:The concept of 'vegetative' state became popular in the me...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1999-12-16 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To establish the role of the age on quality of life of a group of normotensive patients, older than 65 years with vertebrobasilar ischemia, treated with nicardipine. To evaluate the influence of the Nicardipine side effects on the quality of life of these patients within general practice prescription limits....
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Autonomic dysfunction is a common manifestation in patients with in Parkinson's disease, which can sometimes precede motor impairment. It can be expressed as orthostatic and postprandial hypotension, supine hypertension, hypersalivation, constipation, delayed gastric emptying, dyshidrosis, bladder and sexual dysfuncti...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2015-04-16 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:The differential diagnosis of diseases that are accompanied by adult-onset girdle weakness is broad and includes motor neurone, neuromuscular junction or muscular diseases. The 8344A>G mutation of the MTTK gene of mitochondrial DNA usually presents with involvement of multiple organs associated (or not) wi...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2018-04-16 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD/B) is one of the commonest myopathies, with an incidence of 1/3,500 male live births. It is characterized by the slow degeneration of muscle fibres, so that the patient has become an invalid by the age of 10 years, followed by death from respiratory or cardiac failur...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Status epilepticus (SE) is a condition in which epileptic discharges are sufficiently prolonged or repeated so as to cause persistent changes in neurological function. DEVELOPMENT:At the present time the classification of SE seems to be incomplete and therefore provisional. However the broad subdivision i...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Inappropriate admissions to a hospital service generate unnecessary costs for our health care service. Most admissions to a hospital service come from the emergency department. The presence of a neurologist to attend hospital emergencies would be an important factor allowing admission criteria to be stream...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2006-12-16 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE:It is well known that in aged animals cognitive deficit occurs, homologous with that occurring in Alzheimer's disease in humans, and as has been shown in others species, this may be attenuated by administration of nerve growth factor (NGF). Therefore the basic aim of this study was to make an...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:The practical application of a questionnaire designed to evaluate the quality of life of an epileptic child, known as the CAVE test, is described. This is the first scale of its kind. The test consists of 8 parameters: conduct, attendance at school, learning, independence, social relationships, frequency o...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease of the neuromuscular junction that presents clinically as fluctuating weakness of skeletal muscles, as of the ocular region (myasthenia ocular). AIM:To demonstrate that the sensitivity and specificity of the ice pack test are high, in the differential diagnosis o...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To carry out a bibliographic review of articles indexed in MEDLINE over the past 20 years concerning the pharmacological treatment of agitation in head injury. DEVELOPMENT:Head injury may cause different behaviour changes, of which agitation is the most dramatic. The incidence of agitation after severe head ...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To determine if women with multiple sclerosis (MS) reported an increased risk of breast cancer compared with the general female population. PATIENTS AND METHODS:We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational cohort studies. We performed a search in PubMed/Medline of studies where standardized ...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Valproic acid (VPA) is a drug mainly used to treat epilepsy. Hyperammonaemic encephalopathy due to VPA is a rare but serious complication. The mechanism by which VPA influences the increase in ammonia consists in blocking the urea cycle, thereby inhibiting N-acetylglutamate synthase and diminishing acetyl ...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:The epidemiology of multiple sclerosis (ME) in the Alcoi area has been studied by our groups for many years. When studying the factors linked to ME in this area initially we observed that migration, contact with dogs and the textile industry were associated with the disorder. A later study, in which the mi...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To observe the frequency of various psychiatric disorders (depressive disorders, anxiety state and paraphrenic-paranoid disorders). PATIENTS AND METHODS:This study includes the 'cases' of dementia detected in an epidemiological field study done door-to-door, double phased and including non-institutionalized ...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this paper we review the relation between epilepsy and the law, more precisely with regard to penal and civil law. Since the new Spanish penal code came into effect in 1996, and especially in view of recent advances in medical knowledge, it is important for doctors and lawyers to make an effort to develop a languag...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-03-16 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Fingolimod is a selective immunosuppressant that targets the S1P receptor, and is indicated in the treatment of aggressive relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and following treatment failure with first-order drugs. AIM:To investigate the safety and effectiveness of fingolimod under the condition...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2017-05-16 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Cerebral vascular malformations (CVM) are a heterogeneous group of lesions. One way of classifying them is according to histological criteria, clinical features, imaging findings, electroencephalography and distinctive pathology. OBJECTIVES:To report the results obtained in 16 patients clinically diagnose...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Adrenoleukodystrophy is a hereditary recessive sex-linked disorder with very variable phenotype expression, including classical infantil ALD, adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN) in adults and sex-linked Addison's disease. Clinical observations. Three affected patients are presented. The first showed signs of myelo...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:The Iowa Rating Scale for Personality Change (IRSPC) presents some features (puts an emphasis on the motivational and emotional functions; evaluates the 'cognitive' executive functions in the daily life; estimates the premorbid personality; values the informant reliability) that make it use really interest...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：TITLE:Epilepsia dependiente de piridoxina por deficiencia en el gen PNPO. ...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 信件
doi：10.33588/rn.6907.2019084
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To make a revision of the general point of view on late-onset epilepsy, known as epilepsy that starts in the mature age after 25 years old; around 25% of the patients with epilepsy had their first crisis after that age, with an increase in the incidence in the course of the age. DEVELOPMENT:The main ethiolog...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2002-04-16 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:The principal aims of this review are: (a) to offer a perspective of the principal challenges that forensic neuropsychology handles in its scientific and professional development, and the empirical advances that have been developed to deal with these challenges; and (b) analyze the potential effects of these advan...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Valproic acid (VPA) is a useful antiepileptic drug for controlling different types of epilepsy. It has several side effects and is associated to increased body weight, as well as metabolic and endocrine disorders, including metabolic syndrome. AIM:To determine the prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndr...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Cystinosis is a hereditary disease with clinical symptoms that are caused by the accumulation of cystine crystals in different tissues. Distal vacuolar myopathy has been reported as one of its later complications. CASE REPORT:Here, we present the case of a 20-year-old male diagnosed with cystinosis at the...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Optogenetic is an experimental technique that combines genetic engineering and optical physics procedures to mark specific neurons in the brain and activate them at will through rays of light of certain frequency. AIM:To explain, to readers not versed in genetics the history, the rationale and the present...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:The impossibility of treating patients with sleep disorders adequately means that, as specialists, we have to look for new pharmacological treatments and for this reason we examined the information in the paper by Salin Pascual (1999) about the increase in deep sleep when olanzapine is used as an antipsych...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:There is increasing evidence that B cells and humoral immunity play key roles in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Ocrelizumab, an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, has been shown to be effective in controlling the disease and has recently been aproved by the Food and Drug Administration for the tr...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
