Abstract:
:The spatial and temporal interactions in the receptive fields of On-Off directionally selective (DS) ganglion cells endow them with directional selectivity. Using a variety of stimuli, such as sinusoidal gratings, we show that these interactions make directional selectivity of the DS ganglion cell robust with respect to stimulus parameters such as contrast, speed, spatial frequency, and extent of motion. Moreover, unlike the directional selectivity of striate-cortex cells, On-Off DS ganglion cells display directional selectivity to motions not oriented perpendicularly to the contour of the objects. We argue that these cells may achieve such high robustness by combining multiple mechanisms of directional selectivity.
journal_name
Vis Neuroscijournal_title
Visual neuroscienceauthors
Grzywacz NM,Amthor FRdoi
10.1017/S0952523807070666subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-07-01 00:00:00pages
647-61issue
4eissn
0952-5238issn
1469-8714pii
S0952523807070666journal_volume
24pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Primate retinal bipolar cells synapsing with two adjacent cones (2C bipolars) are further described. Their synaptic contacts are either as the central (invaginating) component of the cone triads or as basal (flat) contacts on the membrane of the cone pedicle base. Correspondingly, their axons end either in the b (inne...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800010932
更新日期:1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Visual perception is not instantaneous; the perceptual representation of our environment builds up over time. This can strongly affect our responses to visual stimuli. Here, we study the temporal dynamics of visual processing by analyzing the time course of priming effects induced by the well-known Ebbinghaus illusion...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523816000134
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Regeneration of the teleost retina following surgical extirpation of 25% to 100% of the neural retina was investigated in goldfish (Carrasius auratus) and sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus). The retina will regenerate following removal of up to 95% of the neural retina, however complete extirpation prevented regeneration. Vi...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523807070265
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acetylcholine (ACh) is one of the transmitters utilized by extra-thalamic afferents to modulate stimulus-driven neurotransmission and experience-dependent plasticity in the visual cortex. Since these processes also depend on the activation of glutamatergic receptors, cholinergic terminals may exert their effects via d...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800002832
更新日期:1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multifocal VEP (mfVEP) responses were obtained from 13 normal human subjects for nine test conditions, covering three viewing conditions (dichoptic and left and right monocular), and three different temporal stimulation forms (rapid contrast reversal, rapid pattern pulse presentation, and slow pattern pulse presentati...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523805221053
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neurons in the superficial layers of the midbrain superior colliculus (SC) exhibit distinct tuning properties for visual stimuli, but, unlike neurons in the geniculocortical visual pathway, most respond best to visual stimuli that are smaller than the classical receptive field (RF). The mechanism underlying this size ...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523806230062
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Agrin is a large extracellular matrix protein that directs the accumulation of acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction. Recent evidence suggests that agrin may be involved in organizing synapses in the visual system as well. Focussing on the pathway that controls accommodation and pupilloconstriction, th...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800007537
更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fish of the genus Anableps (Anablepidae, Cyprinodontiformes) have eyes that are adapted for simultaneous aerial and aquatic vision. In this study we investigate some of the corresponding retinal specializations of the adult Anableps anableps eye using retinal transverse sections and wholemounts. The linear dimensions ...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523806230232
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ultrastructural examination of photoreceptor inner segment ellipsoids in larval (4, 8, and 15 days postfertilization; dpf) and adult zebrafish identified morphologically different types of mitochondria. All photoreceptors had mitochondria of different sizes (large and small). At 4 dpf, rods had small, moderately stain...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S095252381300059X
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined cytochrome oxidase (CO) activity in striate cortex of four macaque monkeys after monocular enucleation at ages 1, 1, 5, and 12 weeks. These animal experiments were performed to guide our interpretation of CO patterns in occipital lobe specimens obtained from two children who died several years after monocu...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523898152124
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The modulatory influence of pretectal neurons on retino-geniculate transmission in the cat was studied by cross-correlation analysis of single-unit activity simultaneously recorded from the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) and the pretectum (PT) and with reversible inactivation of the PT by GABA microiontophor...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800007288
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adult teleost fish retinas can regenerate neurons following either surgical or pharmacological injury. The cellular milieu of the damaged retina within which regenerated neurons are produced might be different in these two model systems of retinal injury, and thus the phenotypic attributes of regenerated neurons in th...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800174115
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Monocular deprivation (MD) by lid suture is one of the classic paradigms for the study of developmental plasticity in the cerebral cortex, and we have detailed knowledge of its anatomical and physiological consequences as well as underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms. However, the effects of other forms of mani...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523812000260
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many cell types in the retina are coupled via gap junctions and so there is a pressing need for a potent and reversible gap junction antagonist. We screened a series of potential gap junction antagonists by evaluating their effects on dye coupling in the network of A-type horizontal cells. We evaluated the following c...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523807070472
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inferior temporal (IT) cortex is a "high-order" region of extrastriate visual cortex important for visual form perception and recognition in adult primates. The pattern of cortical afferents from both ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres to anterior IT cortex was determined in infant macaque monkeys 7-18 weeks of...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800011160
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dark-adapted rods exert a tonic suppressive influence upon cone-mediated sensitivity to rapid flicker, a phenomenon called suppressive rod-cone interaction (SRCI). However, rod dark adaptation has negligible influence upon cone-mediated thresholds measured with more usual psychophysical procedures. The present study s...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s095252380000924x
更新日期:1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Activity at night in efferent nerve fibers from a central circadian clock produces changes in photoreceptor function in the lateral compound eye of Limulus: the response to light is increased; membrane potential fluctuations (bumps) occurring in the dark are suppressed; and the duration of bumps occurring both in the ...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800004405
更新日期:1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thresholds for detection of light by a dark-adapted test eye were measured while the other, non-test eye was either similarly dark adapted or while it was exposed to an intense red adapting field. An interocular effect that depends on the retinal location of the test was found: compared to the threshold during binocul...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800005095
更新日期:1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study used the swept spatial-frequency method to compare retinal and cortical acuity in anesthetized young adult rhesus monkeys. Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) and pattern electroretinographic responses (PERGs) were recorded from 25 monkeys (age range: 4-12 years) anesthetized with a continuous infusion of propo...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523899164010
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Synaptically localized calcium channels shape the timecourse of synaptic release, are a prominent site for neuromodulation, and have been implicated in genetic disease. In retina, it is well established that L-type calcium channels play a major role in mediating release of glutamate from the photoreceptors and bipolar...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523804214055
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Retinae of the crab Leptograpsus which had been maintained on a 12-h light/12-h dark cycle were cultured in vitro and exposed to 1 microM okadaic acid (OKA) at 0.75 h before light onset. Control retinae were subjected to the same routine and sampled at the same times without OKA treatment. At the concentration used, O...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800010920
更新日期:1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::To explore the possible influence of defined genetic backgrounds on photoreceptor viability and function in mice carrying a targeted disruption of the rhodopsin gene, the severities of retinopathies in Rho-/- mice on C57BL/6J and 129Sv congenic backgrounds were compared by light microscopy and electroretinography and ...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523801183100
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::R1-6 dominated electroretinographic (ERG) spectral sensitivities were determined as a function of days posteclosion from carotenoid deprived and replaced white-eyed Drosophila. The sensitivity of flies deprived from egg to adult waxed (about 1.5 log units by day 3), and then waned gradually from 3-11 days (over 2 log ...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800011263
更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The goal of the present study was to relate the dark and light-adapted flash sensitivity of the scotopic threshold response (STR) and rod b-wave of the electroretinogram (ERG) to behaviorally measured rod increment threshold responses. Small amplitudes of the dark-adapted STR and b-wave, the latter after application o...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523801184142
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We tested the hypothesis that gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the transmitter released by barnacle photoreceptors onto postsynaptic cells (I-cells). GABA was applied to I-cells either by superfusion or by ejecting it with pressure from a pipette positioned close to the I-cell's soma. The I-cell's response to GABA wa...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800005496
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eye growth and refraction are regulated by visual processing in the retina. Until now, the messengers released by the retina to induce these changes are largely unknown. Previously, it was found that glucagon amacrine cells respond to defocus in the retinal image and even to its sign. The expression of the immediate-e...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523802196064
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The eye has become an excellent target for gene therapy, and gene augmentation therapy of inherited retinal disorders has made major progress in recent years. Nevertheless, a recent study indicated that gene augmentation intervention might not stop the progression of retinal degeneration in patients. In addition, for ...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0952523814000194
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Much of what is currently known about the visual response of retinal bipolar cells is based on studies of rod-dominant responses to flashes in the dark in the isolated retina. This minireview summarizes quantitative findings on contrast processing in the intact light-adapted retina based on intracellular recording fro...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0952523810000313
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In human subjects, the blind spot is perceptually filled-in by color and brightness from the surrounding visual field. The present behavioral study examined the occurrence of color filling-in at the blind spot in monkeys. First, the location of the blind spot was determined using a monocular saccade task. The blind sp...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800006921
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Color vision impairment was examined in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) without retinopathy. We assessed the type and degree of distortions of individual color spaces. DM2 patients (n = 32), and age-matched controls (n = 20) were tested using the Farnsworth D-15 and the Lanthony D-15d tests. In addition, ...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523806233546
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00