Influence of rod adaptation upon cone responses to light offset in humans: I. Results in normal observers.

Abstract:

:Dark-adapted rods exert a tonic suppressive influence upon cone-mediated sensitivity to rapid flicker, a phenomenon called suppressive rod-cone interaction (SRCI). However, rod dark adaptation has negligible influence upon cone-mediated thresholds measured with more usual psychophysical procedures. The present study separately examined the influences of rod light and dark adaptation upon cone-mediated sensitivity to transient increases or decreases in illumination using sawtooth flicker with rapid-on (ramp-off) or rapid-off (ramp-on) waveforms. In the parafoveal retina, cones alone were stimulated with flicker by spatially superimposing long- and short-wavelength stimuli presented in counterphase and matched in scotopic illuminance. Several different adaptation procedures were used. For higher (greater than 4 Hz) frequencies, sensitivity of cones to both waveforms is nearly identical under any condition of adaptation; sensitivity decreases as rods progressively dark adapt. A considerably different situation exists for slower frequencies (1-4 Hz). Sensitivity of cones to rapid-off flicker is appreciably greater under light-adapted conditions confirming recent observations by Bowen et al. (1989). But as rods progressively dark adapt, sensitivity of cones to rapid-off waveforms decreases considerably while sensitivity to rapid-on waveforms is much less affected; in the totally dark-adapted eye, sensitivity to both waveforms is identical. These results confirm and extend recent physiological observations in amphibian retina (Frumkes & Wu, 1990) suggesting that SRCI specifically involves responses to transient decreases in illumination.

journal_name

Vis Neurosci

journal_title

Visual neuroscience

authors

Frumkes TE,Lange G,Denny N,Beczkowska I

doi

10.1017/s095252380000924x

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

1992-02-01 00:00:00

pages

83-9

issue

2

eissn

0952-5238

issn

1469-8714

pii

S095252380000924X

journal_volume

8

pub_type

杂志文章
  • Galvanic vestibular stimulation modulates the electrophysiological response during face processing.

    abstract::Although galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) is known to affect the speed and accuracy of visual judgments, the underlying electrophysiological response has not been explored. In the present study, we therefore investigated the effect of GVS on the N170 event-related potential, a marker commonly associated with earl...

    journal_title:Visual neuroscience

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1017/S0952523812000235

    authors: Wilkinson D,Ferguson HJ,Worley A

    更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00

  • N-type and L-type calcium channels mediate glycinergic synaptic inputs to retinal ganglion cells of tiger salamanders.

    abstract::Synaptically localized calcium channels shape the timecourse of synaptic release, are a prominent site for neuromodulation, and have been implicated in genetic disease. In retina, it is well established that L-type calcium channels play a major role in mediating release of glutamate from the photoreceptors and bipolar...

    journal_title:Visual neuroscience

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1017/S0952523804214055

    authors: Bieda MC,Copenhagen DR

    更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00

  • Optimal design of photoreceptor mosaics: why we do not see color at night.

    abstract::While color vision mediated by rod photoreceptors in dim light is possible (Kelber & Roth, 2006), most animals, including humans, do not see in color at night. This is because their retinas contain only a single class of rod photoreceptors. Many of these same animals have daylight color vision, mediated by multiple cl...

    journal_title:Visual neuroscience

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1017/S095252380808084X

    authors: Manning JR,Brainard DH

    更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00

  • The determination of total cGMP levels in rod outer segments from intact toad photoreceptors in response to light superimposed on background and to consecutive flashes: a second light flash accelerates the dark recovery rate of cGMP levels in control medi

    abstract::In previous experiments we established that a light flash reduced cGMP levels of toad rod outer segments within the transduction time interval, but that recovery of the dark level of cGMP occurred more slowly than reported electrophysiological recovery of membrane potential. We now report that a second light flash acc...

    journal_title:Visual neuroscience

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1017/s0952523800003230

    authors: Cohen AI,Blazynski C

    更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00

  • Development of sensitivity to visual motion in macaque monkeys.

    abstract::The development of spatial vision is relatively well documented in human and nonhuman primates. However, little is known about the development of sensitivity to motion. We measured the development of sensitivity to direction of motion, and the relationship between motion and contrast sensitivity in macaque monkeys as ...

    journal_title:Visual neuroscience

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1017/S0952523804216054

    authors: Kiorpes L,Movshon JA

    更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00

  • Contributions of cat posterior parietal cortex to visuospatial discrimination.

    abstract::The purpose of the present study was to examine the contributions made by cat posterior parietal cortex to the analyses of the relative position of objects in visual space. Two cats were trained on a landmark task in which they learned to report the position of a landmark object relative to a right or left food-reward...

    journal_title:Visual neuroscience

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1017/s0952523800175042

    authors: Lomber SG,Payne BR

    更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00

  • Bipolar or rectified chromatic detection mechanisms?

    abstract::It is widely accepted that human color vision is based on two types of cone-opponent mechanism, one differencing L and M cone types (loosely termed "red-green"), and the other differencing S with the L and M cones (loosely termed "blue-yellow"). The traditional view of the early processing of human color vision sugges...

    journal_title:Visual neuroscience

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1017/s0952523801181125

    authors: Sankeralli MJ,Mullen KT

    更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00

  • Infants' spontaneous color preferences are not due to adult-like brightness variations.

    abstract::In the present work, we explore the perceptual bases of infants' spontaneous looking preferences among isoluminant chromatic stimuli (Bornstein, 1975). Three experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, adult subjects made brightness matches between a white standard and each of six isoluminant chromatic stimuli. The c...

    journal_title:Visual neuroscience

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1017/s0952523804213360

    authors: Teller DY,Civan A,Bronson-Castain K

    更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00

  • Characterization of a novel large-field cone bipolar cell type in the primate retina: evidence for selective cone connections.

    abstract::Parallel processing of visual information begins at the first synapse in the retina between the photoreceptors and bipolar cells. Ten bipolar cell types have been previously described in the primate retina: one rod and nine cone bipolar types. In this paper, we describe an 11th type of bipolar cell identified in Golgi...

    journal_title:Visual neuroscience

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1017/S0952523810000374

    authors: Joo HR,Peterson BB,Haun TJ,Dacey DM

    更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00

  • Morphology of retinogeniculate axons in the macaque.

    abstract::The size, pattern of terminal arborizations, and laminar specificity of individual retinogeniculate axons were studied in the macaque following injections of HRP into the optic tract. Axons that terminated in the magnocellular layers had significantly larger fiber diameters and wider terminal fields than those that te...

    journal_title:Visual neuroscience

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1017/s0952523800001206

    authors: Conley M,Fitzpatrick D

    更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00

  • Current source-density analysis of light-evoked field potentials in rabbit retina.

    abstract::The technique of current source-density analysis was applied to several components of the light-evoked field potentials (electroretinogram) from the retina of the superfused eyecup of rabbit. The depth distributions of the major current sources and sinks were: b-wave--sink at outer plexiform layer, source at inner ple...

    journal_title:Visual neuroscience

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1017/s0952523899162163

    authors: Karwoski CJ,Xu X

    更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00

  • Dark rearing reveals the mechanism underlying stimulus size tuning of superior colliculus neurons.

    abstract::Neurons in the superficial layers of the midbrain superior colliculus (SC) exhibit distinct tuning properties for visual stimuli, but, unlike neurons in the geniculocortical visual pathway, most respond best to visual stimuli that are smaller than the classical receptive field (RF). The mechanism underlying this size ...

    journal_title:Visual neuroscience

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1017/S0952523806230062

    authors: Razak KA,Pallas SL

    更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00

  • Size-difference thresholds after lesions of thalamic visual nuclei in pigeons.

    abstract::Nucleus rotundus and nucleus dorsolateralis posterior (DLP) are the thalamic components of two parallel pathways within the tectofugal division of the pigeon visual system. An earlier study (Hodos, Weiss & Bessette, 1986) had shown that lesions in direct telencephalic recipients of projections from rotundus and DLP pr...

    journal_title:Visual neuroscience

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1017/s0952523800001036

    authors: Kertzman C,Hodos W

    更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00

  • Contrast adaptation in retinal and cortical evoked potentials: no adaptation to low spatial frequencies.

    abstract::Contrast adaptation occurs in both the retina and the cortex. Defining its spatial dependence is crucial for understanding its potential roles. We thus asked to what degree contrast adaptation depends on spatial frequency, including cross-adaptation. Measuring the pattern electroretinogram (PERG) and the visual evoked...

    journal_title:Visual neuroscience

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1017/s0952523802195095

    authors: Heinrich TS,Bach M

    更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00

  • Behavioral evidence of filling-in at the blind spot of the monkey.

    abstract::In human subjects, the blind spot is perceptually filled-in by color and brightness from the surrounding visual field. The present behavioral study examined the occurrence of color filling-in at the blind spot in monkeys. First, the location of the blind spot was determined using a monocular saccade task. The blind sp...

    journal_title:Visual neuroscience

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1017/s0952523800006921

    authors: Komatsu H,Murakami I

    更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00

  • Visual detection deficits following inactivation of the superior colliculus in the cat.

    abstract::Lesion or inactivation of the superior colliculus (SC) of the cat results in an animal that fails to orient toward peripheral visual stimuli which normally evoke a brisk, reflexive orienting response. A failure to orient toward a visual stimulus could be the result of a sensory impairment (a failure to detect the visu...

    journal_title:Visual neuroscience

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1017/s095252380320609x

    authors: Fitzmaurice MC,Ciaramitaro VM,Palmer LA,Rosenquist AC

    更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00

  • Monocular mechanisms determine plaid motion coherence.

    abstract::Although the neural location of the plaid motion coherence process is not precisely known, the middle temporal (MT) cortical area has been proposed as a likely candidate. This claim rests largely on the neurophysiological findings showing that in response to plaid stimuli, a subgroup of cells in area MT responds to th...

    journal_title:Visual neuroscience

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1017/s095252380000852x

    authors: Alais D,van der Smagt MJ,Verstraten FA,van de Grind WA

    更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00

  • Expression of CB2 cannabinoid receptor mRNA in adult rat retina.

    abstract::To date, two cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2, have been cloned. The CB1 receptor has been found in a variety of tissues, particularly in the brain. CB2 receptor mRNA is mainly expressed in the immune system, though one group has found it in mouse cerebellum. Previous immunostaining studies in our lab demonstrated t...

    journal_title:Visual neuroscience

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1017/s0952523800171093

    authors: Lu Q,Straiker A,Lu Q,Maguire G

    更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00

  • A comparison of receptive field and tracer coupling size of horizontal cells in the rabbit retina.

    abstract::The large receptive fields of retinal horizontal cells are thought to reflect extensive electrical coupling via gap junctions. It was shown recently that the biotinylated tracers, biocytin and Neurobiotin, provide remarkable images of coupling between many types of retinal neuron, including horizontal cells. Further, ...

    journal_title:Visual neuroscience

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1017/s0952523800009524

    authors: Bloomfield SA,Xin D,Persky SE

    更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00

  • Intact "biological motion" and "structure from motion" perception in a patient with impaired motion mechanisms: a case study.

    abstract::A series of psychophysical tests examining early and later aspects of image-motion processing were conducted in a patient with bilateral lesions involving the posterior visual pathways, affecting the lateral parietal-temporal-occipital cortex and the underlying white matter (as shown by magnetic resonance imaging stud...

    journal_title:Visual neuroscience

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1017/s0952523800000444

    authors: Vaina LM,Lemay M,Bienfang DC,Choi AY,Nakayama K

    更新日期:1990-10-01 00:00:00

  • Spatial geometry of the dopamine innervation in the avascular area of the human fovea.

    abstract::The dopamine (DA) innervation, labeled by tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry in a wholemounted human retina, is described in the avascular area of the fovea. Eleven DA neurons give rise to this innervation, among which five are interplexiform cells, so that the DA innervation consists of two plexuses: one is in...

    journal_title:Visual neuroscience

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1017/s0952523800009779

    authors: Savy C,Simon A,Nguyen-Legros J

    更新日期:1991-11-01 00:00:00

  • Cholinergic terminals in the cat visual cortex: ultrastructural basis for interaction with glutamate-immunoreactive neurons and other cells.

    abstract::Acetylcholine (ACh) is one of the transmitters utilized by extra-thalamic afferents to modulate stimulus-driven neurotransmission and experience-dependent plasticity in the visual cortex. Since these processes also depend on the activation of glutamatergic receptors, cholinergic terminals may exert their effects via d...

    journal_title:Visual neuroscience

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1017/s0952523800002832

    authors: Aoki C,Kabak S

    更新日期:1992-03-01 00:00:00

  • Neuropharmacological analysis of the role of indoleamine-accumulating amacrine cells in the rabbit retina.

    abstract::In order to elucidate the role of putative indoleaminergic amacrine cells in visual processing, we have employed pharmacological agents specific for the two classes of serotonin receptor, 5-HT2 and 5-HT1, which have been identified in both the retina and brain. Perfusion of the rabbit retina with 5-HT2 selective antag...

    journal_title:Visual neuroscience

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1017/s0952523800001930

    authors: Brunken WJ,Daw NW

    更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00

  • Development of the primate area of high acuity, 3: temporal relationships between pit formation, retinal elongation and cone packing.

    abstract::By establishing an avascular, highly elastic, region within the fetal area of high acuity (AHA), the developing primate eye has created a unique substrate on which the mechanical forces of intraocular pressure (IOP) and growth-induced retinal stretch (stretch) can act. We proposed (Springer & Hendrickson, 2004b) that ...

    journal_title:Visual neuroscience

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1017/S095252380522206X

    authors: Springer AD,Hendrickson AE

    更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00

  • Morphology and visual pigment content of photoreceptors from injured goldfish retina.

    abstract::Adult teleost fish retinas can regenerate neurons following either surgical or pharmacological injury. The cellular milieu of the damaged retina within which regenerated neurons are produced might be different in these two model systems of retinal injury, and thus the phenotypic attributes of regenerated neurons in th...

    journal_title:Visual neuroscience

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1017/s0952523800174115

    authors: Cameron DA,Powers MK

    更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00

  • Synaptic inputs to retrogradely labeled ganglion cells in the retina of the cane toad, Bufo marinus.

    abstract::The entire population of ganglion cells in the retina of the toad Bufo marinus was labeled by retrograde transport of a lysine-fixable biotinylated dextran amine of 3000 molecular weight. Synaptic connections between bipolar, amacrine, and ganglion cells in the inner plexiform layer were quantitatively analyzed, with ...

    journal_title:Visual neuroscience

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1017/s0952523800011792

    authors: Zhu BS,Gibbins IL

    更新日期:1997-11-01 00:00:00

  • Changing distribution of GABA-like immunoreactivity in pigeon visual areas during the early posthatching period and effects of retinal removal on tectal GABAergic systems.

    abstract::The distribution of GABA-like immunoreactivity in the pigeon visual system was studied during the first 9 days after hatching using a mouse monoclonal antibody, mAb 3A12, to glutaraldehyde linked GABA (Matute & Streit, 1986). GABA-like immunoreactivity was seen in cell bodies as well as in neuropil at the level of bot...

    journal_title:Visual neuroscience

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1017/s0952523800009846

    authors: Bagnoli P,Fontanesi G,Streit P,Domenici L,Alesci R

    更新日期:1989-12-01 00:00:00

  • Variability in mitochondria of zebrafish photoreceptor ellipsoids.

    abstract::Ultrastructural examination of photoreceptor inner segment ellipsoids in larval (4, 8, and 15 days postfertilization; dpf) and adult zebrafish identified morphologically different types of mitochondria. All photoreceptors had mitochondria of different sizes (large and small). At 4 dpf, rods had small, moderately stain...

    journal_title:Visual neuroscience

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1017/S095252381300059X

    authors: Tarboush R,Novales Flamarique I,Chapman GB,Connaughton VP

    更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00

  • Robust directional computation in on-off directionally selective ganglion cells of rabbit retina.

    abstract::The spatial and temporal interactions in the receptive fields of On-Off directionally selective (DS) ganglion cells endow them with directional selectivity. Using a variety of stimuli, such as sinusoidal gratings, we show that these interactions make directional selectivity of the DS ganglion cell robust with respect ...

    journal_title:Visual neuroscience

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1017/S0952523807070666

    authors: Grzywacz NM,Amthor FR

    更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00

  • Screening of gap junction antagonists on dye coupling in the rabbit retina.

    abstract::Many cell types in the retina are coupled via gap junctions and so there is a pressing need for a potent and reversible gap junction antagonist. We screened a series of potential gap junction antagonists by evaluating their effects on dye coupling in the network of A-type horizontal cells. We evaluated the following c...

    journal_title:Visual neuroscience

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1017/S0952523807070472

    authors: Pan F,Mills SL,Massey SC

    更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00