Early development of eye and retina in lanternfish larvae.

abstract：:Reduction of blood flow to the rat retina was achieved by either clamping both carotid arteries briefly (24 min) or combining clamping of the carotid arteries with permanent occlusion of the vertebral arteries. Analysis of retinas 6 days after operations showed that GFAP immunoreactivity is expressed throughout the re...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Osborne NN,Block F,Sontag KH

更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of the present study was to compare standard multifocal visual evoked potential (mfVEP) pattern-reversal responses with those produced by pattern-onset, pattern-offset, and pulsed pattern stimuli. mfVEP recordings were obtained from five normal subjects using VERIS and a 4-electrode array. The standard rev...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Fortune B,Demirel S,Bui BV

更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Visually guided saccadic eye movements to singly presented stationary targets form a bimodal distribution. After superior colliculus lesions, the so called "express saccades" that form the first mode of the distribution are no longer obtained. The aim of this study was to determine what role several other neural syste...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Schiller PH,Lee K

更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In birds, neurons of the isthmo-optic nucleus (ION), as well as "ectopic" neurons, send axons to the retina, where they synapse on cells in the inner nuclear layer (INL). Previous work has shown that centrifugal axons can be divided into two anatomically distinct types depending on their model of termination: either "...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Nickla DL,Gottlieb MD,Marin G,Rojas X,Britto LR,Wallman J

更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During their complex life history, anguilliform eels go through a major metamorphosis when developing from a fresh water yellow eel into a deep-sea silver eel. In addition to major changes in body morphology, the visual system also adapts from a fresh water teleost duplex retina with rods and cones, to a specialized d...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Bowmaker JK,Semo M,Hunt DM,Jeffery G

更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Surround enhancement (sensitization) is a poorly understood form of network adaptation in which the kinetics of the responses of retinal neurons to test stimuli become faster, and absolute sensitivity of the responses increases with increasing level of steady, surrounding light. Surround enhancement has been observed ...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Reifsnider ES,Tranchina D

更新日期：1995-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:One striking transformation in response properties that occurs in the geniculo-cortical pathway is the appearance of a high degree of orientation selectivity in the cortex. This property may be conceived as arising purely from the excitatory inputs to the cell, as being structured largely by the inhibition a cortical ...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Volgushev M,Pei X,Vidyasagar TR,Creutzfeldt OD

更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Population-based studies of retinal neurons have helped to reveal their natural types in mammals and teleost fishes. In this, the first such study in a frog, labeled ganglion cells of the mesobatrachian Xenopus laevis were examined in flatmounts. Cells with large somata and thick dendrites could be divided into three ...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Shamim KM,Tóth P,Cook JE

更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lesion or inactivation of the superior colliculus (SC) of the cat results in an animal that fails to orient toward peripheral visual stimuli which normally evoke a brisk, reflexive orienting response. A failure to orient toward a visual stimulus could be the result of a sensory impairment (a failure to detect the visu...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Fitzmaurice MC,Ciaramitaro VM,Palmer LA,Rosenquist AC

更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During early mammalian development, inputs from the two retinas intermix within the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), then segregate during the first postnatal week into layers that receive input from a single retina. Functionally, the LGN also changes markedly during the first postnatal month; early geniculate respon...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Cook PM,Prusky G,Ramoa AS

更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A series of psychophysical tests examining early and later aspects of image-motion processing were conducted in a patient with bilateral lesions involving the posterior visual pathways, affecting the lateral parietal-temporal-occipital cortex and the underlying white matter (as shown by magnetic resonance imaging stud...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Vaina LM,Lemay M,Bienfang DC,Choi AY,Nakayama K

更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Adult teleost fish retinas can regenerate neurons following either surgical or pharmacological injury. The cellular milieu of the damaged retina within which regenerated neurons are produced might be different in these two model systems of retinal injury, and thus the phenotypic attributes of regenerated neurons in th...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Cameron DA,Powers MK

更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To explore the possible influence of defined genetic backgrounds on photoreceptor viability and function in mice carrying a targeted disruption of the rhodopsin gene, the severities of retinopathies in Rho-/- mice on C57BL/6J and 129Sv congenic backgrounds were compared by light microscopy and electroretinography and ...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Humphries MM,Kiang S,McNally N,Donovan MA,Sieving PA,Bush RA,Machida S,Cotter T,Hobson A,Farrar J,Humphries P,Kenna P

更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although the neural location of the plaid motion coherence process is not precisely known, the middle temporal (MT) cortical area has been proposed as a likely candidate. This claim rests largely on the neurophysiological findings showing that in response to plaid stimuli, a subgroup of cells in area MT responds to th...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Alais D,van der Smagt MJ,Verstraten FA,van de Grind WA

更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The laminar and tangential organization of visual callosal projections of areas 17 and 18 were investigated in the adult ferret, using histochemical methods to visualize axonally transported horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Normal adult ferrets were given injections of HRP throughout one visual cortex or had gelfoam soak...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Grigonis AM,Rayos del Sol-Padua RB,Murphy EH

更新日期：1992-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recurrent projections comprise a universal feature of cerebral organization. Here, we show that the corticofugal projections from the striate cortex (VI) to the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) robustly and multiplicatively enhance the responses of parvocellular neurons, stimulated by gratings restricted to the classi...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Przybyszewski AW,Gaska JP,Foote W,Pollen DA

更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:L and M cones, divided into two groups by absorption spectra, have not been distinguished by structure. Here, we report what may be such a difference. We reconstructed the synaptic terminals of 16 non-S cones and the dendritic arbors of their ON and OFF midget bipolar cells from high-magnification electron micrographs...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Schein S,Ngo IT,Huang TM,Klug K,Sterling P,Herr S

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The outer plexiform layer of the retina contains a neural circuit in which cone synaptic terminals are electrically coupled and release glutamate onto wide-field and narrow-field horizontal cells. These are also electrically coupled and feed back through a GABAergic synapse to cones. In cat this circuit's structure is...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Smith RG

更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Monocular deprivation (MD) by lid suture is one of the classic paradigms for the study of developmental plasticity in the cerebral cortex, and we have detailed knowledge of its anatomical and physiological consequences as well as underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms. However, the effects of other forms of mani...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Jaffer S,Vorobyov V,Sengpiel F

更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Relational color constancy refers to the constancy of the perceived relations between the colors of surfaces of a scene under changes in the spectral composition of the illuminant. Spatial ratios of cone excitations provide a natural physical basis for this constancy, as, on average, they are almost invariant under il...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Nascimento SM,de Almeida VM,Fiadeiro PT,Foster DH

更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In previous work, we have shown that sudden image displacements well outside the classical receptive field modulate the visual sensitivity of LGN relay cells. Here we report the effect of image displacements on the response versus contrast function. The stimuli consisted of a central spot of optimal size and polarity ...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Felisberti F,Derrington AM

更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Saccadic suppression is the reduced visibility that occurs during saccadic eye movements. Recent psychophysical studies have suggested that this is due to a reduction in responsiveness of magnocellular (M), but not parvocellular (P), cells of the lateral geniculate nucleus. To address this and other phenomena of respo...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Ramcharan EJ,Gnadt JW,Sherman SM

更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rod and cone photoresponses in a variety of species have been accurately described with linear multistage filter models. In this study, the response latency and initial coding of intensity at two higher levels of visual processing are related to such photoreceptor responses. One level is the retinal output (spiking di...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Donner K

更新日期：1989-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In previous experiments we established that a light flash reduced cGMP levels of toad rod outer segments within the transduction time interval, but that recovery of the dark level of cGMP occurred more slowly than reported electrophysiological recovery of membrane potential. We now report that a second light flash acc...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Cohen AI,Blazynski C

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intrinsic interneurons within the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) provide a feed-forward inhibitory pathway for afferent visual information originating from the retina. These interneurons are unique because in addition to traditional axodendritic output onto thalamocortical neurons, these interneurons have pr...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Cox CL,Beatty JA

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The size, pattern of terminal arborizations, and laminar specificity of individual retinogeniculate axons were studied in the macaque following injections of HRP into the optic tract. Axons that terminated in the magnocellular layers had significantly larger fiber diameters and wider terminal fields than those that te...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Conley M,Fitzpatrick D

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been shown to influence the responses of ganglion cells in the mammalian retina. Consistently, GABA(A) receptor subunits have been localized to different ganglion cell types. In this study, the distribution of the alpha1 subunit of the GABA(A) receptor...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Macri J,Martin PR,Grünert U

更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recordings were taken from infragranular layers of area 17 of anesthetized monkeys with an array of 30 microelectrodes matching about one hypercolumn. From intracortical spike-train correlations, the novel neuronal property "delay scale position" related to retino-cortical delays, was derived. Relationships were estab...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Krüger J

更新日期：1990-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Some visual stimuli produce a strong percept of motion, even though they fail to excite motion detectors based on Fourier energy or cross correlation. Models which suffice to explain the motion percept in these non-Fourier motion (NFM) stimuli include linear spatiotemporal filtering, followed by rectification, followe...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Victor JD,Conte MM

更新日期：1992-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dark-adapted rods exert a tonic suppressive influence upon cone-mediated sensitivity to rapid flicker, a phenomenon called suppressive rod-cone interaction (SRCI). However, rod dark adaptation has negligible influence upon cone-mediated thresholds measured with more usual psychophysical procedures. The present study s...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Frumkes TE,Lange G,Denny N,Beczkowska I

更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00