Abstract：
:Although the neural location of the plaid motion coherence process is not precisely known, the middle temporal (MT) cortical area has been proposed as a likely candidate. This claim rests largely on the neurophysiological findings showing that in response to plaid stimuli, a subgroup of cells in area MT responds to the pattern direction, whereas cells in area V1 respond only to the directions of the component gratings. In Experiment 1, we report that the coherent motion of a plaid pattern can be completely abolished following adaptation to a grating which moves in the plaid direction and has the same spatial period as the plaid features (the so-called "blobs"). Interestingly, we find this phenomenon is monocular: monocular adaptation destroys plaid coherence in the exposed eye but leaves it unaffected in the other eye. Experiment 2 demonstrates that adaptation to a purely binocular (dichoptic) grating does not affect perceived plaid coherence. These data suggest several conclusions: (1) that the mechanism determining plaid coherence responds to the motion of plaid features, (2) that the coherence mechanism is monocular, and thus (3), that it is probably located at a relatively low level in the visual system and peripherally to the binocular mechanisms commonly presumed to underlie two-dimensional (2-D) motion perception. Experiment 3 examines the spatial tuning of the monocular coherence mechanism and our results suggest it is broadly tuned with a preference for lower spatial frequencies. In Experiment 4, we examine whether perceived plaid direction is determined by the motion of the grating components or the features. Our data strongly support a feature-based model.
journal_name
Vis Neuroscijournal_title
Visual neuroscienceauthors
Alais D,van der Smagt MJ,Verstraten FA,van de Grind WAdoi
10.1017/s095252380000852xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-07-01 00:00:00pages
615-26issue
4eissn
0952-5238issn
1469-8714pii
S095252380000852Xjournal_volume
13pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Eyes of stomatopod crustaceans, or mantis shrimps, contain the greatest diversity of visual pigments yet described in any species, with as many as ten or more spectral classes present in a single retina. In this study, the eyes of seven species of mantis shrimp from three superfamilies of stomatopods were examined for...
journal_title：Visual neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s095252380000612x
更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The spatial and temporal interactions in the receptive fields of On-Off directionally selective (DS) ganglion cells endow them with directional selectivity. Using a variety of stimuli, such as sinusoidal gratings, we show that these interactions make directional selectivity of the DS ganglion cell robust with respect ...
journal_title：Visual neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/S0952523807070666
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The dopamine (DA) innervation, labeled by tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry in a wholemounted human retina, is described in the avascular area of the fovea. Eleven DA neurons give rise to this innervation, among which five are interplexiform cells, so that the DA innervation consists of two plexuses: one is in...
journal_title：Visual neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s0952523800009779
更新日期：1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of the present study was to examine the contributions made by cat posterior parietal cortex to the analyses of the relative position of objects in visual space. Two cats were trained on a landmark task in which they learned to report the position of a landmark object relative to a right or left food-reward...
journal_title：Visual neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s0952523800175042
更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:R1-6 dominated electroretinographic (ERG) spectral sensitivities were determined as a function of days posteclosion from carotenoid deprived and replaced white-eyed Drosophila. The sensitivity of flies deprived from egg to adult waxed (about 1.5 log units by day 3), and then waned gradually from 3-11 days (over 2 log ...
journal_title：Visual neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s0952523800011263
更新日期：1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We examine the assumptions that the fovea contains equal numbers of inner (invaginating or ON) and outer (flat or OFF) midget bipolar cells and equal numbers of inner and outer diffuse bipolar cells. Based on reconstruction from electron photomicrographs of serial thin sections through the fovea of a macaque monkey, w...
journal_title：Visual neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s0952523803202091
更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The size, pattern of terminal arborizations, and laminar specificity of individual retinogeniculate axons were studied in the macaque following injections of HRP into the optic tract. Axons that terminated in the magnocellular layers had significantly larger fiber diameters and wider terminal fields than those that te...
journal_title：Visual neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s0952523800001206
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the human eye, domination of the electroretinogram (ERG) by the b-wave and other postreceptor components ordinarily obscures all but the first few milliseconds of the rod photoreceptor response to a stimulating flash. However, recovery of the rod response after a bright rest flash can be analyzed using a paired-fla...
journal_title：Visual neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s0952523800008774
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In previous experiments we established that a light flash reduced cGMP levels of toad rod outer segments within the transduction time interval, but that recovery of the dark level of cGMP occurred more slowly than reported electrophysiological recovery of membrane potential. We now report that a second light flash acc...
journal_title：Visual neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s0952523800003230
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have investigated the effects of inactivation of localized sites in area 17 on the visual responses of cells in visuotopically corresponding regions of area 18. Experiments were performed on adult normal cats. The striate cortex was inactivated by the injection of nanoliters of lidocaine hydrochloride or of gamma-a...
journal_title：Visual neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s0952523800001826
更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The peripheral visual field is marked by a deterioration in color sensitivity, sometimes attributed to the random wiring of midget bipolar cells to cone photoreceptors in the peripheral retina (Mullen, 1991; Mullen & Kingdom, 1996). Using psychophysical methods, we explored differences in the sensitivity of peripheral...
journal_title：Visual neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s0952523803205058
更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The goal of this work was to provide a detailed quantitative description of the receptive-field properties of one of the types of rarely encountered retinal ganglion cells of cat; the cell named the Q-cell by Enroth-Cugell et al. (1983). Quantitative comparisons are made between the discharge statistics and between th...
journal_title：Visual neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s0952523800007975
更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The outer plexiform layer of the retina contains a neural circuit in which cone synaptic terminals are electrically coupled and release glutamate onto wide-field and narrow-field horizontal cells. These are also electrically coupled and feed back through a GABAergic synapse to cones. In cat this circuit's structure is...
journal_title：Visual neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s0952523800008440
更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The distributions of rod and cone photoreceptors have been determined in the retina of the California ground squirrel, Spermophilus beecheyi. Retinas were fixed by perfusion and the rods and cones were detected with indirect immunofluorescence using opsin antibodies. Local densities were determined at 2-mm intervals a...
journal_title：Visual neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s0952523898154081
更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have studied the steady-state PERG in human subjects in response to red-green plaid patterns modulated either in luminance or in chromaticity or both. By varying the relative luminance of the red and green components, a value could be obtained at which the PERG amplitude was either minimum or locally maximum. This ...
journal_title：Visual neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s0952523800003825
更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We examined cytochrome oxidase (CO) activity in striate cortex of four macaque monkeys after monocular enucleation at ages 1, 1, 5, and 12 weeks. These animal experiments were performed to guide our interpretation of CO patterns in occipital lobe specimens obtained from two children who died several years after monocu...
journal_title：Visual neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s0952523898152124
更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although excitotoxins derived from acidic amino acids are known to damage neurons in the inner nuclear and ganglion cell layers of the retina, little is known about their effects on photoreceptors. This study examines the acute and long-term effects of excitotoxins on photoreceptors of the chick retina. The zinc-iodid...
journal_title：Visual neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s0952523800001152
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To test the hypothesis that light-evoked cone contraction in eye cups from Xenopus laevis is controlled through a direct mechanism initiated by the cone's own photopigment, we conducted spectral-sensitivity experiments. We estimate that initiation of contraction of red absorbing cones (611 nm) is 1.5 log units more se...
journal_title：Visual neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s0952523800002893
更新日期：1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In birds, neurons of the isthmo-optic nucleus (ION), as well as "ectopic" neurons, send axons to the retina, where they synapse on cells in the inner nuclear layer (INL). Previous work has shown that centrifugal axons can be divided into two anatomically distinct types depending on their model of termination: either "...
journal_title：Visual neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s0952523800001747
更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alpha ganglion cells from the midperiphery of the rabbit retina were recorded intracellularly under visual control, in a superfused everted eyecup, and labeled with HRP. Their physiology and large somata with broad dendritic arbors identified them as uniform populations of ON- and OFF-center alpha ganglion cells, whic...
journal_title：Visual neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s0952523800011512
更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) is known to affect the speed and accuracy of visual judgments, the underlying electrophysiological response has not been explored. In the present study, we therefore investigated the effect of GVS on the N170 event-related potential, a marker commonly associated with earl...
journal_title：Visual neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/S0952523812000235
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several studies document rudimentary color vision under dim illumination. Here, hue perceptions of paper color samples were determined for a wide range of light levels, including very low light levels where rods alone mediate vision. The appearances of 24 paper color samples from the OSA Uniform Color Scales were gaug...
journal_title：Visual neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/S0952523806233492
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Surround enhancement (sensitization) is a poorly understood form of network adaptation in which the kinetics of the responses of retinal neurons to test stimuli become faster, and absolute sensitivity of the responses increases with increasing level of steady, surrounding light. Surround enhancement has been observed ...
journal_title：Visual neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s0952523800006751
更新日期：1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Inhibitory synaptic transmission via GABA and glycine receptors plays a crucial role in shaping the excitatory response of neurons in the retina. Whole-cell recordings were obtained from ganglion cells in the intact rabbit eyecup preparation to correlate GABA- and glycine-activated currents with the presence of their ...
journal_title：Visual neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s0952523803203072
更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study has shown that the retinae of Prototherian (egg-laying) mammals possess two neuronal types that are present in non-mammalian retinae, but absent or morphologically different in the retinae of Eutherian (placental) mammals. First, endogenous serotonin-like immunoreactivity has been localized in a population ...
journal_title：Visual neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s0952523800000079
更新日期：1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:One striking transformation in response properties that occurs in the geniculo-cortical pathway is the appearance of a high degree of orientation selectivity in the cortex. This property may be conceived as arising purely from the excitatory inputs to the cell, as being structured largely by the inhibition a cortical ...
journal_title：Visual neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s0952523800010257
更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Single isolated photoreceptors can be taken through a visual cycle of light adaptation by bleaching visual pigment, followed by dark adaptation when supplied with 11-cis retinal. Light adaptation after bleaching is manifested by faster response kinetics and a permanent reduction in sensitivity to light flashes, presum...
journal_title：Visual neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s0952523800001735
更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Using suction electrodes, photocurrent responses to 100-ms saturating flashes were recorded from isolated retinal rods of the larval-stage tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum). The delay period (Tc) that preceded recovery of the dark current by a criterion amount (3 pA) was analyzed in relation to the flash intensity...
journal_title：Visual neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s0952523800006441
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Anatomical and electrophysiological studies have provided us with detailed information regarding the extent and topography of the primary (V1) and secondary (V2) visual areas in primates. The consensus about the V1 and V2 maps, however, is in sharp contrast with controversies regarding the organization of the cortical...
journal_title：Visual neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1017/S0952523815000188
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied the development of multibank rod retinae by monitoring the size-related addition of new layers of rod inner and outer segments in four species of deep-sea fishes and found two different growth paradigms. In the mesopelagic Chauliodus sloani, new banks of rod inner and outer segments are added as long as the...
journal_title：Visual neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/s095252389815304x
更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00
