Spatial geometry of the dopamine innervation in the avascular area of the human fovea.

abstract：:The hypothesis that dichromatic behavior on a clinical anomaloscope can be explained by the complement and arrangement of the long- (L) and middle-wavelength (M) pigment genes was tested. It was predicted that dichromacy is associated with an X-chromosome pigment gene array capable of producing only a single functiona...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Neitz M,Carroll J,Renner A,Knau H,Werner JS,Neitz J

更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To investigate the influence of voltage-sensitive conductances in shaping light-evoked responses of retinal bipolar cells, whole-cell recordings were made in the slice preparation of the tiger salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum. To study contrast encoding, the retina was stimulated with 0.5-s steps of negative and positiv...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Thoreson WB,Burkhardt DA

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We used qualitative tests to assess the sensitivity of 1043 V2 neurons (predominantly multiunits) in anesthetised macaque monkeys to direction, length, orientation, and color of moving bar stimuli. Spectral sensitivity was additionally tested by noting ON or OFF responses to flashed stimuli of varied size and color. T...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Shipp S,Zeki S

更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The morphological characteristics of the eyes and the retinae of lanternfish larvae of Lampanyctus crocodilus, Benthosema glaciale, and Myctophum punctatum were analyzed in pre-flexion, flexion, and post-flexion stages. Pre-flexion larvae of L. crocodilus, the species with the shallowest depth distribution, had spheri...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Bozzano A,Pankhurst PM,Sabatés A

更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Activity at night in efferent nerve fibers from a central circadian clock produces changes in photoreceptor function in the lateral compound eye of Limulus: the response to light is increased; membrane potential fluctuations (bumps) occurring in the dark are suppressed; and the duration of bumps occurring both in the ...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Renninger GH,Schimmel R,Farrell CA

更新日期：1989-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A model of contrast discrimination performance in human observers is developed and then extended to cover effects on performance of anticholinergic drugs. It is shown that it is necessary to assume that neural noise increases at high spatial frequencies in order to provide a satisfactory model of variations in discrim...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Smith AT

更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recordings were taken from infragranular layers of area 17 of anesthetized monkeys with an array of 30 microelectrodes matching about one hypercolumn. From intracortical spike-train correlations, the novel neuronal property "delay scale position" related to retino-cortical delays, was derived. Relationships were estab...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Krüger J

更新日期：1990-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Psychophysical research has documented the existence of three processes in light adaptation: a fast subtractive process, a divisive process that is fast at light onset and slower at light offset, and a very slow subtractive process (Hayhoe et al., 1987). In the neural model developed here, the fast subtractive process...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Wilson HR

更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The sudden displacement of the retinal image during a saccade raises the visual threshold of human observers to foveal stimuli. The fall in visual sensitivity observed during this phenomenon, known as saccadic suppression, seems to occur very early in the visual processing chain. The lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) i...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Derrington AM,Felisberti F

更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In previous experiments we established that a light flash reduced cGMP levels of toad rod outer segments within the transduction time interval, but that recovery of the dark level of cGMP occurred more slowly than reported electrophysiological recovery of membrane potential. We now report that a second light flash acc...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Cohen AI,Blazynski C

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Natural scenes contain a variety of visual cues that facilitate boundary perception (e.g., luminance, contrast, and texture). Here we explore whether single neurons in early visual cortex can process both contrast and texture cues. We recorded neural responses in cat A18 to both illusory contours formed by abutting gr...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Song Y,Baker CL Jr

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The laminar and tangential organization of visual callosal projections of areas 17 and 18 were investigated in the adult ferret, using histochemical methods to visualize axonally transported horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Normal adult ferrets were given injections of HRP throughout one visual cortex or had gelfoam soak...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Grigonis AM,Rayos del Sol-Padua RB,Murphy EH

更新日期：1992-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Effects of ATP on the activity of cGMP-gated channels from carp cone photoreceptors were studied. In 29% of the patches examined (N = 45), ATP (1 mM) enhanced a current evoked by cGMP (20 microM, up to about 100%), in 33%. ATP suppressed it by up to about 90%, and in the remaining 38%, ATP had no effect. ATP showed si...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Watanabe S,Shen J

更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is widely accepted that human color vision is based on two types of cone-opponent mechanism, one differencing L and M cone types (loosely termed "red-green"), and the other differencing S with the L and M cones (loosely termed "blue-yellow"). The traditional view of the early processing of human color vision sugges...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Sankeralli MJ,Mullen KT

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neighboring retinal ganglion cells often spike synchronously, but the possible function and mechanism of this synchrony is unclear. Recently, the strength of the fast correlation between ON-OFF directionally selective cells of the rabbit retina was shown to be stimulus dependent. Here, we extend that study, investigat...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Chatterjee S,Merwine DK,Amthor FR,Grzywacz NM

更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acetylcholine (ACh) is one of the transmitters utilized by extra-thalamic afferents to modulate stimulus-driven neurotransmission and experience-dependent plasticity in the visual cortex. Since these processes also depend on the activation of glutamatergic receptors, cholinergic terminals may exert their effects via d...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Aoki C,Kabak S

更新日期：1992-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have studied the presence and distribution of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA)-selective glutamate receptor subunits (GluR1, 2, 3, and 4) in the adult cat visual cortical areas 17, 18, 19, and the lateral suprasylvian areas (LSA). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) a...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Gutiérrez-Igarza K,Fogarty DJ,Pérez-Cerdá F,Doñate-Oliver F,Albus K,Matute C

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The inhibition of [3H]acetylcholine (ACh) release from cholinergic amacrine cells by glycine and GABA was studied using an in vivo eyecup preparation in anesthetized rabbits. Glycine (1 mM) had no effect on basal ACh release, but completely blocked the light-evoked release of ACh. Glycine also blocked the strong poten...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Linn DM

更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The visual response to a flash given in the dark is known to saturate according to the Michaelis-Menten relationship. Nevertheless, the incremental response from increasing levels of mean luminance tends to follow a Weber-Fechner relationship well into the saturation range determined from the Michaelis-Menten results....

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Chappell RL,Naka K

更新日期：1991-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To gain insight into how vision guides eye movements, monkeys were trained to make a single saccade to a specified target stimulus during feature and conjunction search with stimuli discriminated by color and shape. Monkeys performed both tasks at levels well above chance. The latencies of saccades to the target in co...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Bichot NP,Schall JD

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Five lagged cells were recognized by extracellular recording in the lateral geniculate nucleus of an awake, behaving macaque monkey. Previous reports of lagged cells were all in the anesthetized cat. Both parvocellular and magnocellular lagged cells were observed. Response timing was distributed continuously across th...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Saul AB

更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rod and cone photoresponses in a variety of species have been accurately described with linear multistage filter models. In this study, the response latency and initial coding of intensity at two higher levels of visual processing are related to such photoreceptor responses. One level is the retinal output (spiking di...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Donner K

更新日期：1989-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A new tissue slice preparation of the cuttlefish eye is described that permits patch-clamp recordings to be acquired from intact photoreceptors during stimulation of the retina with controlled light flashes. Whole-cell recordings using this preparation, from the retinas of very young Sepia officinalis demonstrated tha...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Chrachri A,Nelson L,Williamson R

更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Eye growth and refraction are regulated by visual processing in the retina. Until now, the messengers released by the retina to induce these changes are largely unknown. Previously, it was found that glucagon amacrine cells respond to defocus in the retinal image and even to its sign. The expression of the immediate-e...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Feldkaemper MP,Schaeffel F

更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Arrestins participate in the termination of phototransduction in both vertebrates and invertebrates. However, the visual arrestins of invertebrates and vertebrates differ significantly from one another in that the invertebrate visual arrestins become phosphorylated rapidly in response to light while those in the photo...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Battelle BA,Andrews AW,Kempler KE,Edwards SC,Smith WC

更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the present work, we explore the perceptual bases of infants' spontaneous looking preferences among isoluminant chromatic stimuli (Bornstein, 1975). Three experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, adult subjects made brightness matches between a white standard and each of six isoluminant chromatic stimuli. The c...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Teller DY,Civan A,Bronson-Castain K

更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tritiated neurotransmitter candidates were unilaterally injected in visual cortical regions with abundant corpus callosum connections. D-aspartate (Asp) or gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was injected along the area 17/18 border in cat, and the area 17/18a and 17/18b borders in rat. Retrograde Asp label was found contr...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Elberger AJ

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We recorded the responses of neurons from the cat's lateral geniculate nucleus to drifting sine-wave grating stimuli both before and during electrical stimulation of the parabrachial region of the midbrain. The parabrachial region provides a mostly cholinergic input to the lateral geniculate nucleus, and our goal was ...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Lu SM,Guido W,Sherman SM

更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To provide a quantitative description of postnatal retinal expansion in rabbits, a new procedure was developed to map the retinae, which cover the inner surface of hemispheres or parts of rotation ellipsoids, in situ, onto a single plane. This method, as well as the known distribution of Müller cells per unit retinal ...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Reichenbach A,Schnitzer J,Reichelt E,Osborne NN,Fritzsche B,Puls A,Richter U,Friedrich A,Knothe AK,Schober W

更新日期：1993-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Following up on a prior study of contour and brightness processing in visual masking (Breitmeyer et al., 2006), we investigated the effects of a binocular and dichoptic para-contrast masking on the visibility of the contour and brightness of a target presented to the other eye. Combined, the results support the contri...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Breitmeyer BG,Ziegler R,Hauske G

更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00