Abstract:
:To test the hypothesis that light-evoked cone contraction in eye cups from Xenopus laevis is controlled through a direct mechanism initiated by the cone's own photopigment, we conducted spectral-sensitivity experiments. We estimate that initiation of contraction of red absorbing cones (611 nm) is 1.5 log units more sensitive to green (533 nm) than red (650 nm) light stimuli. The difference is comparable to that predicted from the spectral-sensitivity function of the green absorbing, principal rod (523 nm). Furthermore, 480-nm and 580-nm stimuli which are absorbed nearly equally by the principal rod have indistinguishable effects on cone contraction. We also found that light blockade of nighttime cone elongation is much more sensitive to green than to red light stimuli. Our observations are inconsistent with the hypothesis tested, and suggest that light-regulated cone motility is controlled through an indirect mechanism initiated primarily by the green absorbing, principal rod.
journal_name
Vis Neuroscijournal_title
Visual neuroscienceauthors
Besharse JC,Witkovsky Pdoi
10.1017/s0952523800002893subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1992-03-01 00:00:00pages
243-9issue
3eissn
0952-5238issn
1469-8714pii
S0952523800002893journal_volume
8pub_type
杂志文章abstract::We examined the effects of picrotoxin and pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) on the responses to motions of ON-OFF directionally selective (DS) ganglion cells of the turtle's retina. These drugs are antagonists of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. For continuous motions, picrotoxin markedly reduced the overall directionality...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800008105
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied the functional connectivity of cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) with the primary visual cortex (V1) in anesthetized marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). The LGN sends signals to V1 along parallel visual pathways called parvocellular (P), magnocellular (M), and koniocellular (K). To better understand...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523814000066
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::During their complex life history, anguilliform eels go through a major metamorphosis when developing from a fresh water yellow eel into a deep-sea silver eel. In addition to major changes in body morphology, the visual system also adapts from a fresh water teleost duplex retina with rods and cones, to a specialized d...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523808080152
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human, macaque monkey, and rat retinas were immunostained with a polyclonal antibody preparation against purified recoverin, a 23-kD calcium-binding protein isolated from bovine retina that localizes to rods and cones (Dizhoor et al., 1991). In addition to immunoreactive photoreceptors, we have identified subpopulatio...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800003175
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Primate retinal bipolar cells synapsing with two adjacent cones (2C bipolars) are further described. Their synaptic contacts are either as the central (invaginating) component of the cone triads or as basal (flat) contacts on the membrane of the cone pedicle base. Correspondingly, their axons end either in the b (inne...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800010932
更新日期:1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The multi-input technique of Sutter and Tran (1992) yields multiple focal ERGs. The purpose here was to compare the components of this multifocal ERG to the components of the standard, full-field ERG. To record multifocal ERGs, an array of 103 hexagons was displayed on a monitor. Full-field (Ganzfeld) ERGs were elicit...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800012190
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We tested the hypothesis that gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the transmitter released by barnacle photoreceptors onto postsynaptic cells (I-cells). GABA was applied to I-cells either by superfusion or by ejecting it with pressure from a pipette positioned close to the I-cell's soma. The I-cell's response to GABA wa...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800005496
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Synaptically localized calcium channels shape the timecourse of synaptic release, are a prominent site for neuromodulation, and have been implicated in genetic disease. In retina, it is well established that L-type calcium channels play a major role in mediating release of glutamate from the photoreceptors and bipolar...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523804214055
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Early in life, visual experience appears to influence the refinement and maintenance of the orientation-selective responses of neurons in the primary visual cortex. After eye opening, the statistical structure of visually driven neural responses depends not only on the stimulus, but also on how the stimulus is scanned...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523804215073
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Monocular deprivation (MD) by lid suture is one of the classic paradigms for the study of developmental plasticity in the cerebral cortex, and we have detailed knowledge of its anatomical and physiological consequences as well as underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms. However, the effects of other forms of mani...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523812000260
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adult teleost fish retinas can regenerate neurons following either surgical or pharmacological injury. The cellular milieu of the damaged retina within which regenerated neurons are produced might be different in these two model systems of retinal injury, and thus the phenotypic attributes of regenerated neurons in th...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800174115
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Embryonic chick retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells can undergo transdifferentiation upon appropriate stimulation. For example, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) induces intact RPE tissue younger than embryonic day 4.5 (E4.5) to transdifferentiate into a neural retina. NeuroD, a gene encoding a basic helix-loop...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800171172
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Much of what is currently known about the visual response of retinal bipolar cells is based on studies of rod-dominant responses to flashes in the dark in the isolated retina. This minireview summarizes quantitative findings on contrast processing in the intact light-adapted retina based on intracellular recording fro...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0952523810000313
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::White noise stimuli were used to estimate second-order kernels for complex cells in cortical area V1 of the macaque monkey, and drifting grating stimuli were presented to the sample of neurons to obtain orientation and spatial-frequency tuning curves. Using these data, we quantified how well second-order kernels predi...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800003102
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of the present study was to examine the contributions made by cat posterior parietal cortex to the analyses of the relative position of objects in visual space. Two cats were trained on a landmark task in which they learned to report the position of a landmark object relative to a right or left food-reward...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800175042
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study has shown that the retinae of Prototherian (egg-laying) mammals possess two neuronal types that are present in non-mammalian retinae, but absent or morphologically different in the retinae of Eutherian (placental) mammals. First, endogenous serotonin-like immunoreactivity has been localized in a population ...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800000079
更新日期:1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::There are four cone morphologies in zebrafish, corresponding to UV (U), blue (B), green (G), and red (R)-sensing types; yet genetically, eight cone opsins are expressed. How eight opsins are physiologically siloed in four cone types is not well understood, and in larvae, cone physiological spectral peaks are unstudied...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523819000075
更新日期:2019-07-30 00:00:00
abstract::Color vision impairment was examined in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) without retinopathy. We assessed the type and degree of distortions of individual color spaces. DM2 patients (n = 32), and age-matched controls (n = 20) were tested using the Farnsworth D-15 and the Lanthony D-15d tests. In addition, ...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523806233546
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined cytochrome oxidase (CO) activity in striate cortex of four macaque monkeys after monocular enucleation at ages 1, 1, 5, and 12 weeks. These animal experiments were performed to guide our interpretation of CO patterns in occipital lobe specimens obtained from two children who died several years after monocu...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523898152124
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mechanisms that mediate the calcium influx in mammalian horizontal cells were studied. Horizontal cells (HCs) enzymatically dissociated from the rabbit retina were recorded by the whole-cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique and by calcium image ratioespectrophotometry of Fura-2 loaded cells. AMPA-preferring ...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Contrast adaptation occurs in both the retina and the cortex. Defining its spatial dependence is crucial for understanding its potential roles. We thus asked to what degree contrast adaptation depends on spatial frequency, including cross-adaptation. Measuring the pattern electroretinogram (PERG) and the visual evoked...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523802195095
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is reportedly 3% bi-nucleated. The importance to human vision of multi-nucleated (MN)-RPE cells could be clarified with more data about their distribution in central retina. METHODS:Nineteen human RPE-flatmounts (9 ≤ 51 years, 10 > 80 years) were imaged at 12 locat...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523815000310
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In previous work, we have shown that sudden image displacements well outside the classical receptive field modulate the visual sensitivity of LGN relay cells. Here we report the effect of image displacements on the response versus contrast function. The stimuli consisted of a central spot of optimal size and polarity ...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523899165143
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dark-adapted rods exert a tonic suppressive influence upon cone-mediated sensitivity to rapid flicker, a phenomenon called suppressive rod-cone interaction (SRCI). However, rod dark adaptation has negligible influence upon cone-mediated thresholds measured with more usual psychophysical procedures. The present study s...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s095252380000924x
更新日期:1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anatomical and electrophysiological studies have provided us with detailed information regarding the extent and topography of the primary (V1) and secondary (V2) visual areas in primates. The consensus about the V1 and V2 maps, however, is in sharp contrast with controversies regarding the organization of the cortical...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0952523815000188
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::During adaptation to an increase in environmental luminance, retinal signaling adjustments are mediated by the neuromodulator dopamine. Retinal dopamine is released with light and can affect center-surround receptive fields, the coupling state between neurons, and inhibitory pathways through inhibitory receptors and n...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523819000129
更新日期:2020-02-12 00:00:00
abstract::Receptive field organization of cone-driven bipolar cells was investigated by intracellular recording in the intact light-adapted retina of the tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum). Centered spots and concentric annuli of optimum dimensions were used to selectively stimulate the receptive field center and surround wi...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523811000071
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Unilateral retinal impulse blockage with tetrodotoxin (TTX) induces reversible shrinkage and decreased cytochrome oxidase (CO) activity in alternate rows of supragranular, CO-rich puffs in the adult macaque striate cortex (Wong-Riley & Carroll, 1984b: Carroll & Wong-Riley, 1987). The present study extended the finding...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800012396
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Experiments on the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the cat based on 14C 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) autoradiography and intraocular injections of 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid (APB) provided evidence for gradients of metabolic activity in the ON and OFF pathways in layer A, but only very weakly, if at all, in layer A1...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0952523800010130
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Regeneration of the teleost retina following surgical extirpation of 25% to 100% of the neural retina was investigated in goldfish (Carrasius auratus) and sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus). The retina will regenerate following removal of up to 95% of the neural retina, however complete extirpation prevented regeneration. Vi...
journal_title:Visual neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0952523807070265
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00