Is the input to a GABAergic synapse the sole asymmetry in turtle's retinal directional selectivity?

abstract：:Recent work has revealed multiple pathways for cross-orientation suppression in cat and human vision. In particular, ipsiocular and interocular pathways appear to assert their influence before binocular summation in human but have different (1) spatial tuning, (2) temporal dependencies, and (3) adaptation after-effect...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Meese TS,Challinor KL,Summers RJ

更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Wide-field cone bipolar cells with sparse dendritic branching and proposed connectivity to blue cones were first identified in rabbit and cat. In rabbit, these were subdivided into type a (wa) and type b (wb), with axonal branching in sublamina a, and sublamina b, respectively, of the inner plexiform layer (IPL). Rece...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Famiglietti EV

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tritiated neurotransmitter candidates were unilaterally injected in visual cortical regions with abundant corpus callosum connections. D-aspartate (Asp) or gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was injected along the area 17/18 border in cat, and the area 17/18a and 17/18b borders in rat. Retrograde Asp label was found contr...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Elberger AJ

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We examine the assumptions that the fovea contains equal numbers of inner (invaginating or ON) and outer (flat or OFF) midget bipolar cells and equal numbers of inner and outer diffuse bipolar cells. Based on reconstruction from electron photomicrographs of serial thin sections through the fovea of a macaque monkey, w...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Ahmad KM,Klug K,Herr S,Sterling P,Schein S

更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Adult teleost fish retinas can regenerate neurons following either surgical or pharmacological injury. The cellular milieu of the damaged retina within which regenerated neurons are produced might be different in these two model systems of retinal injury, and thus the phenotypic attributes of regenerated neurons in th...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Cameron DA,Powers MK

更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Transgenic mice overexpressing bcl-2, due to inhibition of naturally occurring cell death, have much larger brains and optic nerves as compared to wild-type mice. Since developmental cell death is believed to exert a crucial role in establishing the mature neural circuitry and function, we asked the question of whethe...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Porciatti V,Pizzorusso T,Maffei L

更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fish of the genus Anableps (Anablepidae, Cyprinodontiformes) have eyes that are adapted for simultaneous aerial and aquatic vision. In this study we investigate some of the corresponding retinal specializations of the adult Anableps anableps eye using retinal transverse sections and wholemounts. The linear dimensions ...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Oliveira FG,Coimbra JP,Yamada ES,Montag LF,Nascimento FL,Oliveira VA,da Mota DL,Bittencourt AM,da Silva VL,da Costa BL

更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Early in life, visual experience appears to influence the refinement and maintenance of the orientation-selective responses of neurons in the primary visual cortex. After eye opening, the statistical structure of visually driven neural responses depends not only on the stimulus, but also on how the stimulus is scanned...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Rucci M,Casile A

更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Some visual stimuli produce a strong percept of motion, even though they fail to excite motion detectors based on Fourier energy or cross correlation. Models which suffice to explain the motion percept in these non-Fourier motion (NFM) stimuli include linear spatiotemporal filtering, followed by rectification, followe...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Victor JD,Conte MM

更新日期：1992-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ganglion cells of the cat retina that are neither alpha nor beta cells are often lumped for convenience into a single anatomical group--the gamma cells (Boycott & Wässle, 1974; Stone, 1983; Wässle & Boycott, 1991). Defined in this way, gamma cells are the morphological counterpart to the physiological W-cell class, wh...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Stein JJ,Berson DM

更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Immunocytochemistry and retrograde labeling were used to define the thalamic projections of calbindin- and parvalbumin-containing cells in superficial layers of the rat's superior colliculus (SC). Quantitative analysis revealed that 90.8 +/- 2.2% (mean +/- standard deviation) of the calbindin-immunoreactive neurons in...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Lane RD,Allan DM,Bennett-Clarke CA,Howell DL,Rhoades RW

更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The neural mechanisms driving perception and saccades during search use information about the target but are also based on an inhibitory surround not present in the target luminance profile (e.g., Eckstein et al., 2007). Here, we ask whether these inhibitory surrounds might reflect a strategy that the brain has adapte...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Zhang S,Abbey CK,Eckstein MP

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The inhibition of [3H]acetylcholine (ACh) release from cholinergic amacrine cells by glycine and GABA was studied using an in vivo eyecup preparation in anesthetized rabbits. Glycine (1 mM) had no effect on basal ACh release, but completely blocked the light-evoked release of ACh. Glycine also blocked the strong poten...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Linn DM

更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Anterograde transport of cholera toxin subunit B (CTb) was used to study the retinal projections in birds, with an emphasis on retinohypothalamic connections. Pigeons (Columbia livia) were deeply anesthetized and received unilateral intraocular injections of CTb. In addition to known contralateral retinorecipient regi...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Shimizu T,Cox K,Karten HJ,Britto LR

更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability of freely-flying honeybees to track moving targets was examined by training them to collect a reward on a target, and then videotaping their approach to the target while it was in motion. Training experiments were carried out with several groups of bees, using various colors for the target and the backgrou...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Zhang SW,Wang XA,Liu ZL,Srinivasan MV

更新日期：1990-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The outer plexiform layer of the retina contains a neural circuit in which cone synaptic terminals are electrically coupled and release glutamate onto wide-field and narrow-field horizontal cells. These are also electrically coupled and feed back through a GABAergic synapse to cones. In cat this circuit's structure is...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Smith RG

更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study used the swept spatial-frequency method to compare retinal and cortical acuity in anesthetized young adult rhesus monkeys. Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) and pattern electroretinographic responses (PERGs) were recorded from 25 monkeys (age range: 4-12 years) anesthetized with a continuous infusion of propo...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Ver Hoeve JN,Danilov YP,Kim CB,Spear PD

更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many cell types in the retina are coupled via gap junctions and so there is a pressing need for a potent and reversible gap junction antagonist. We screened a series of potential gap junction antagonists by evaluating their effects on dye coupling in the network of A-type horizontal cells. We evaluated the following c...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Pan F,Mills SL,Massey SC

更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Single isolated photoreceptors can be taken through a visual cycle of light adaptation by bleaching visual pigment, followed by dark adaptation when supplied with 11-cis retinal. Light adaptation after bleaching is manifested by faster response kinetics and a permanent reduction in sensitivity to light flashes, presum...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Jin J,Jones GJ,Cornwall MC

更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During early mammalian development, inputs from the two retinas intermix within the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), then segregate during the first postnatal week into layers that receive input from a single retina. Functionally, the LGN also changes markedly during the first postnatal month; early geniculate respon...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Cook PM,Prusky G,Ramoa AS

更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Alpha ganglion cells from the midperiphery of the rabbit retina were recorded intracellularly under visual control, in a superfused everted eyecup, and labeled with HRP. Their physiology and large somata with broad dendritic arbors identified them as uniform populations of ON- and OFF-center alpha ganglion cells, whic...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Muller JF,Dacheux RF

更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The retina of salmonid fishes has two types of cone photoreceptors: single and double cones. At the nuclear level, these cones are distributed in a square mosaic such that the double cones form the sides of the square and the single cones occupy positions at the centre and at the corners of the square. Double cones co...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Cheng CL,Flamarique IN

更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To explore the possible influence of defined genetic backgrounds on photoreceptor viability and function in mice carrying a targeted disruption of the rhodopsin gene, the severities of retinopathies in Rho-/- mice on C57BL/6J and 129Sv congenic backgrounds were compared by light microscopy and electroretinography and ...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Humphries MM,Kiang S,McNally N,Donovan MA,Sieving PA,Bush RA,Machida S,Cotter T,Hobson A,Farrar J,Humphries P,Kenna P

更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Increment threshold functions of the electroretinogram (ERG) b-wave were obtained from goldfish using an in vivo preparation to study intraretinal mechanisms underlying the increase in perceived brightness induced by depletion of retinal dopamine by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Goldfish received unilateral intraocular ...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Lin ZS,Yazulla S

更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Reduction of blood flow to the rat retina was achieved by either clamping both carotid arteries briefly (24 min) or combining clamping of the carotid arteries with permanent occlusion of the vertebral arteries. Analysis of retinas 6 days after operations showed that GFAP immunoreactivity is expressed throughout the re...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Osborne NN,Block F,Sontag KH

更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The distribution of GABA-like immunoreactivity in the pigeon visual system was studied during the first 9 days after hatching using a mouse monoclonal antibody, mAb 3A12, to glutaraldehyde linked GABA (Matute & Streit, 1986). GABA-like immunoreactivity was seen in cell bodies as well as in neuropil at the level of bot...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Bagnoli P,Fontanesi G,Streit P,Domenici L,Alesci R

更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Effects of ATP on the activity of cGMP-gated channels from carp cone photoreceptors were studied. In 29% of the patches examined (N = 45), ATP (1 mM) enhanced a current evoked by cGMP (20 microM, up to about 100%), in 33%. ATP suppressed it by up to about 90%, and in the remaining 38%, ATP had no effect. ATP showed si...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Watanabe S,Shen J

更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The distribution of GABA-like immunoreactivity in the cat retina was studied through the use of preembedding immunocytochemistry for light microscopy and by postembedding immunogold techniques for electron microscopy. Staining was observed in both inner and outer plexiform layers. Approximately 30% of the somata in th...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Pourcho RG,Owczarzak MT

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Starburst amacrine cells (SACs), the only acetylcholine (ACh)-releasing amacrine cells (ACs) in adult rabbit retina, contain GABA and are key elements in the retina's directionally selective (DS) mechanism. Unlike many other GABAergic ACs, they use glutamic acid decarboxlyase (GAD)(67), not GAD(65), to synthesize GABA...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Famiglietti EV,Sundquist SJ

更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We recorded the responses of neurons from the cat's lateral geniculate nucleus to drifting sine-wave grating stimuli both before and during electrical stimulation of the parabrachial region of the midbrain. The parabrachial region provides a mostly cholinergic input to the lateral geniculate nucleus, and our goal was ...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Lu SM,Guido W,Sherman SM

更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00