Evoked potential and psychophysical analysis of Fourier and non-Fourier motion mechanisms.

abstract：:Recent interest in nitric oxide and its relationship to cGMP has produced many attempts to anatomically localize the enzyme synthesizing nitric oxide, nitric oxide synthase. In the retina, numerous previous studies have used the NADPH-diaphorase enzyme activity of nitric oxide synthase as a histochemical method to loc...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Blute TA,Mayer B,Eldred WD

更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To provide a quantitative description of postnatal retinal expansion in rabbits, a new procedure was developed to map the retinae, which cover the inner surface of hemispheres or parts of rotation ellipsoids, in situ, onto a single plane. This method, as well as the known distribution of Müller cells per unit retinal ...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Reichenbach A,Schnitzer J,Reichelt E,Osborne NN,Fritzsche B,Puls A,Richter U,Friedrich A,Knothe AK,Schober W

更新日期：1993-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A model of contrast discrimination performance in human observers is developed and then extended to cover effects on performance of anticholinergic drugs. It is shown that it is necessary to assume that neural noise increases at high spatial frequencies in order to provide a satisfactory model of variations in discrim...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Smith AT

更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In previous experiments we established that a light flash reduced cGMP levels of toad rod outer segments within the transduction time interval, but that recovery of the dark level of cGMP occurred more slowly than reported electrophysiological recovery of membrane potential. We now report that a second light flash acc...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Cohen AI,Blazynski C

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The discoloration illusion, a new visual phenomenon, is described. This phenomenon originates from the juxtaposition of eight chromatic parallel contours on a white background, creating a luminance gradient and enclosing a light red region. Under these conditions, the inner region appears white: the light red discolor...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Pinna B

更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Circadian rhythms affect the anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry of the visual cells in the eyes of the horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus). These rhythms are mediated by the activity of efferent neurons that project from the central nervous system to all of the eyes. In this study, the optic nerves of Limulus were ...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Calman BG,Battelle BA

更新日期：1991-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Increment threshold functions of the electroretinogram (ERG) b-wave were obtained from goldfish using an in vivo preparation to study intraretinal mechanisms underlying the increase in perceived brightness induced by depletion of retinal dopamine by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Goldfish received unilateral intraocular ...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Lin ZS,Yazulla S

更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The neural mechanisms driving perception and saccades during search use information about the target but are also based on an inhibitory surround not present in the target luminance profile (e.g., Eckstein et al., 2007). Here, we ask whether these inhibitory surrounds might reflect a strategy that the brain has adapte...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Zhang S,Abbey CK,Eckstein MP

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Visual perception is not instantaneous; the perceptual representation of our environment builds up over time. This can strongly affect our responses to visual stimuli. Here, we study the temporal dynamics of visual processing by analyzing the time course of priming effects induced by the well-known Ebbinghaus illusion...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Schmidt F,Weber A,Haberkamp A

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Simple reaction times (RTs) were measured to brief temporally blurred (total onset 570 ms) Gaussian isoluminant chromatic patches (s.d. 0.5 degrees) whose chromaticities lay along the cardinal chromatic axes (0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees, and 270 degrees in MBDKL color space). Bipolar adapting stimuli were emplo...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Parry NR,Murray IJ,McKeefry DJ

更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Starburst amacrine cells (SACs), the only acetylcholine (ACh)-releasing amacrine cells (ACs) in adult rabbit retina, contain GABA and are key elements in the retina's directionally selective (DS) mechanism. Unlike many other GABAergic ACs, they use glutamic acid decarboxlyase (GAD)(67), not GAD(65), to synthesize GABA...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Famiglietti EV,Sundquist SJ

更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neighboring retinal ganglion cells often spike synchronously, but the possible function and mechanism of this synchrony is unclear. Recently, the strength of the fast correlation between ON-OFF directionally selective cells of the rabbit retina was shown to be stimulus dependent. Here, we extend that study, investigat...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Chatterjee S,Merwine DK,Amthor FR,Grzywacz NM

更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Eye growth and refraction are regulated by visual processing in the retina. Until now, the messengers released by the retina to induce these changes are largely unknown. Previously, it was found that glucagon amacrine cells respond to defocus in the retinal image and even to its sign. The expression of the immediate-e...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Feldkaemper MP,Schaeffel F

更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have studied the steady-state PERG in human subjects in response to red-green plaid patterns modulated either in luminance or in chromaticity or both. By varying the relative luminance of the red and green components, a value could be obtained at which the PERG amplitude was either minimum or locally maximum. This ...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Morrone C,Porciatti V,Fiorentini A,Burr DC

更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Thresholds for detection of light by a dark-adapted test eye were measured while the other, non-test eye was either similarly dark adapted or while it was exposed to an intense red adapting field. An interocular effect that depends on the retinal location of the test was found: compared to the threshold during binocul...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Auerbach E,Dörrenhaus A,Cavonius CR

更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:GABA is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian retina and it acts at many different sites via a variety of postsynaptic receptors. These include GABAA receptors and bicuculline-resistant GABAC receptors. The release of acetylcholine (ACh) is inhibited by GABA and strongly potentiated by GABA antagonists....

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Massey SC,Linn DM,Kittila CA,Mirza W

更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We examined cytochrome oxidase (CO) activity in striate cortex of four macaque monkeys after monocular enucleation at ages 1, 1, 5, and 12 weeks. These animal experiments were performed to guide our interpretation of CO patterns in occipital lobe specimens obtained from two children who died several years after monocu...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Horton JC,Hocking DR

更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intrinsic interneurons within the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) provide a feed-forward inhibitory pathway for afferent visual information originating from the retina. These interneurons are unique because in addition to traditional axodendritic output onto thalamocortical neurons, these interneurons have pr...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Cox CL,Beatty JA

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The phosphoinositide (PI) intracellular signaling pathway, which triggers Ca2+ release from intracellular stores, appears to be a central feature of phototransduction in most invertebrate species studied. Procedures designed to inhibit PI-pathway reactions cause suppression of excitation to dim lights. However, in Lim...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Johnson EC,Gray-Keller MP,O'Day PM

更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Using suction electrodes, photocurrent responses to 100-ms saturating flashes were recorded from isolated retinal rods of the larval-stage tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum). The delay period (Tc) that preceded recovery of the dark current by a criterion amount (3 pA) was analyzed in relation to the flash intensity...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Pepperberg DR,Cornwall MC,Kahlert M,Hofmann KP,Jin J,Jones GJ,Ripps H

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Adult teleost fish retinas can regenerate neurons following either surgical or pharmacological injury. The cellular milieu of the damaged retina within which regenerated neurons are produced might be different in these two model systems of retinal injury, and thus the phenotypic attributes of regenerated neurons in th...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Cameron DA,Powers MK

更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Much of what is currently known about the visual response of retinal bipolar cells is based on studies of rod-dominant responses to flashes in the dark in the isolated retina. This minireview summarizes quantitative findings on contrast processing in the intact light-adapted retina based on intracellular recording fro...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Burkhardt DA

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Synaptically localized calcium channels shape the timecourse of synaptic release, are a prominent site for neuromodulation, and have been implicated in genetic disease. In retina, it is well established that L-type calcium channels play a major role in mediating release of glutamate from the photoreceptors and bipolar...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Bieda MC,Copenhagen DR

更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Horizontal cells and cone photoreceptors in the vertebrate retina are interconnected by a complex network of synapses leading to the generation of color-coded responses in chromaticity horizontal cells. A simple cascade model of excitatory feedforward and inhibitory feedback synapses had been suggested to underlie the...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Asi H,Perlman I

更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Parallel processing of visual information begins at the first synapse in the retina between the photoreceptors and bipolar cells. Ten bipolar cell types have been previously described in the primate retina: one rod and nine cone bipolar types. In this paper, we describe an 11th type of bipolar cell identified in Golgi...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Joo HR,Peterson BB,Haun TJ,Dacey DM

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The technique of current source-density analysis was applied to several components of the light-evoked field potentials (electroretinogram) from the retina of the superfused eyecup of rabbit. The depth distributions of the major current sources and sinks were: b-wave--sink at outer plexiform layer, source at inner ple...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Karwoski CJ,Xu X

更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Retinae of the crab Leptograpsus which had been maintained on a 12-h light/12-h dark cycle were cultured in vitro and exposed to 1 microM okadaic acid (OKA) at 0.75 h before light onset. Control retinae were subjected to the same routine and sampled at the same times without OKA treatment. At the concentration used, O...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Blest AD,Carter M,Clausen JA,Stowe S,Trowell SC,Tsukitani Y

更新日期：1991-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The sudden displacement of the retinal image during a saccade raises the visual threshold of human observers to foveal stimuli. The fall in visual sensitivity observed during this phenomenon, known as saccadic suppression, seems to occur very early in the visual processing chain. The lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) i...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Derrington AM,Felisberti F

更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human, macaque monkey, and rat retinas were immunostained with a polyclonal antibody preparation against purified recoverin, a 23-kD calcium-binding protein isolated from bovine retina that localizes to rods and cones (Dizhoor et al., 1991). In addition to immunoreactive photoreceptors, we have identified subpopulatio...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Milam AH,Dacey DM,Dizhoor AM

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To date, two cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2, have been cloned. The CB1 receptor has been found in a variety of tissues, particularly in the brain. CB2 receptor mRNA is mainly expressed in the immune system, though one group has found it in mouse cerebellum. Previous immunostaining studies in our lab demonstrated t...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Lu Q,Straiker A,Lu Q,Maguire G

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00