Abstract：
:Almost 30 years ago it was proposed that the selection for antiviral drug resistance should be used as an indicator of antiviral drug activity. In addition to discriminating between cellular toxicity and specific activity directed against a viral target, drug resistant mutants have been used to confirm the mechanism of action of antiviral drugs, to discover the functions of several viral proteins and to provide insights into viral evolution and fitness. Drug resistance has also become a standard component of both the preclinical and clinical drug development process. For HIV and increasingly for other viruses drug resistance testing has become standard-of-care in clinical practice. A few selected examples are provided to illustrate each of these points.
journal_name
Antiviral Resjournal_title
Antiviral researchauthors
Richman DDdoi
10.1016/j.antiviral.2006.03.004subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-09-01 00:00:00pages
117-21issue
2-3eissn
0166-3542issn
1872-9096pii
S0166-3542(06)00071-4journal_volume
71pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Oxymatrine (OMTR) is an anti-hepatitis drug used in China. Its mechanism of action is unknown. Recently, we found that OMTR inhibits hepatitis B virus (HBV) via down-regulating the expression of heat-stress cognate 70 (Hsc70), a host protein required for HBV DNA replication. Goal of this study was to assess the effect...
journal_title：Antiviral research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.antiviral.2011.01.005
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The hepatitis B virus nucleocapsid or core antigen is extremely immunogenic during infection and after immunization. This review summarizes several features of the nucleocapsid which explain this exceptionally high immunogenicity: a unique three-dimensional folding, the presence of a region that interacts with immunog...
journal_title：Antiviral research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.antiviral.2003.08.011
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Twenty-five years after the discovery of the therapeutic activity of azidothymidine (AZT), the first antiretroviral drug used in the clinic, infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has become, at least in the industrialized world, a manageable chronic disease with a significant improvement in life expect...
journal_title：Antiviral research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.antiviral.2009.10.007
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In cultured mammalian cells (Vero), different antiviral agents change to differing degrees the ability of HSV2 to down-regulate gap junctions, each agent having a specific effect. Measured by intracellular electrodes, control cell populations showed 49-51% coupling, uninfected populations treated with acyclovir or SDS...
journal_title：Antiviral research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0166-3542(02)00106-7
更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Natural products provide a large reservoir of potentially active agents with anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) activity. We examined the effect of the polyphenolic extract from Geranium carolinianum L. (PPGC) on HBV replication both in vitro and in vivo. In the human HBV-transfected liver cell line HepG(2) 2.2.15, PPGC eff...
journal_title：Antiviral research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.antiviral.2008.03.001
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The influenza A (H1N1) virus is a highly contagious acute respiratory disease affecting pigs and humans. This disease causes severe economic loss in many countries, and developing mucosal vaccines is an efficient strategy to control the influenza virus. The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) plays an important role in transf...
journal_title：Antiviral research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.11.025
更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have characterized the differential actions of acyclovir and penciclovir against varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in cell culture by comparing the frequency of appearance of resistant viruses followed by their characterization. Cells were infected with cell-free virus and the cultures were successively treated with inc...
journal_title：Antiviral research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0166-3542(98)00057-6
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:(S)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)cytosine, HPMPC, and two HPMPC-related nucleoside analogs, (S)-9-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine, HPMPA, and (2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)guanine, PMEG, were evaluated for their antiviral activities against guinea pig cytomegalovirus (GPCMV) infection in guinea pig ...
journal_title：Antiviral research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-3542(90)90069-j
更新日期：1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An immunogenic component was isolated from both the Illinois (propagated in young swine) and the Miller (cell culture-adapted) strains of porcine transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) virus. The viral subunit was released from the virion by sonication and was separated from intact virus and other viral components by iso...
journal_title：Antiviral research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-3542(83)90027-x
更新日期：1983-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pritelivir, a helicase-primase inhibitor, has excellent in vitro and in vivo activity against human herpes simplex virus (HSV). Mice lethally infected with HSV type 1 or 2, including acyclovir-resistant strains, were treated 72 h after infection for 7 days with pritelivir or acyclovir. Both drugs were administered ora...
journal_title：Antiviral research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.11.002
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The replication efficiency and multi-organ dissemination of some influenza A (H5N1) viruses requires a rapid re-evaluation of the available antiviral strategies. We assessed five regimens of the neuraminidase (NA) inhibitor peramivir in mice inoculated with H5N1 virus. The regimens differed by: (1) frequency of admini...
journal_title：Antiviral research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.antiviral.2008.05.012
更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vaccination against smallpox may result in a variety of complications, ranging in severity from benign to lethal. Universal vaccination was halted in the US in 1972, so almost half the present population has never been vaccinated. Because side effects occur most often in first-time vaccinees, current plans for rapid l...
journal_title：Antiviral research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0166-3542(03)00008-1
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene) is a natural component of certain foods, such as grapes, that has been shown to have anti-herpes simplex virus (HSV) activity in vitro. To determine if it is active in vivo, the abraded epidermis of SKH1 mice were infected with HSV-1 and topically treated with 12.5 or 25% resver...
journal_title：Antiviral research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.antiviral.2003.07.001
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:JLS-V9R cells, a Balb/c mouse bone marrow cell line chronically infected with Rauscher leukemia virus, were treated with mouse interferon and inoculated with several different lytic viruses. Relatively low interferon concentrations protected the cells against Sindbis virus, vesicular stomatitis virus and MM virus. In ...
journal_title：Antiviral research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-3542(84)90006-8
更新日期：1984-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) may cause encephalitis in humans, for which no FDA-approved antiviral treatment is available. Carbocyclic cytosine (carbodine) has broad-spectrum activity but toxicity has limited its utility. It was anticipated that one of the enantiomers of carbodine would show enhanced ac...
journal_title：Antiviral research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.antiviral.2008.07.002
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:LY253963, the sodium salt of 1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylcyanamide, was evaluated in tissue culture and in cotton rats for toxicity and antiviral efficacy against respiratory syncytial (RSV) and parainfluenza type 3 (PIV3) viruses. The selective index (ratio of the median toxic dose: median efficacious dose) of LY253963 in H...
journal_title：Antiviral research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-3542(90)90005-r
更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There are two new drugs approved and several in development for treatment of chronic HCV; among them nitazoxanide (NTZ). Twelve HIV/HCV genotype 1 co-infected patients were enrolled prospectively to receive a 30 days course of oral NTZ 500 mg bid. This therapy was well tolerated in this group of HIV patients co-infect...
journal_title：Antiviral research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.antiviral.2011.10.006
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Isolation of rhinoviruses from nasal secretions may be delayed or prevented by exogenously applied interferon which is carried over into nasal wash specimens. In studies of interferon-alpha 2 treated volunteers with experimental rhinovirus infection, we determined that incorporation of antiinterferon antibody into col...
journal_title：Antiviral research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-3542(83)90016-5
更新日期：1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Emergence of drug-resistant human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) strains is a substantial problem during treatment of HCMV infections in immunocompromised patients. The Z-isomers of 2-hydroxymethylcyclopropylidenemethyl adenine (synadenol) and guanine (synguanol) were previously shown to be potent inhibitors of AD169 and Town...
journal_title：Antiviral research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0166-3542(02)00129-8
更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) is successful in the treatment of HIV infection, problems with toxicity, drug-resistant variants, and therapeutic failures have compromised the long-term utility of existing combination regimens. Mismatched double-stranded RNA (polyI-polyC(12)U) is an immune modul...
journal_title：Antiviral research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0166-3542(01)00150-4
更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Using an in vitro system we measured the corneal epithelial cytotoxicity and the antiviral activity of the antiviral agents idoxuridine (IDU), trifluridine (TFT), ethyldeoxyuridine (EDU), and (E)-5-(2-Bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (BVDU). Confluent rabbit corneal epithelial cell cultures were established, and the antivi...
journal_title：Antiviral research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-3542(88)90057-5
更新日期：1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The model of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection in rhesus macaques was used to evaluate the effects of recombinant human interferon alpha, Hu IFN-alpha 2b and Hu IFN-gamma B,D, at two doses. Administration began 1 day prior to infection and was continued for 90 days postinfection. Both interferons suppresse...
journal_title：Antiviral research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-3542(95)00955-8
更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Derivation of the 2-aminobenzylstatine containing HIV-1 proteinase (PR) inhibitor I led to a series of compounds with considerably improved antiviral activity, the most potent derivatives inhibiting HIV-1 with IC50 values below 25 nM. This was achieved by the combination of several structural modifications, most promi...
journal_title：Antiviral research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-3542(94)90005-1
更新日期：1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dengue virus (DENV) infection is the most prevalent mosquito-borne viral infection of which there is no licensed therapeutic drug available. Previous studies have shown that minocycline, an antibiotic, can inhibit DENV infection in vitro. However, the mechanism is not fully understood. It is known that macrophage migr...
journal_title：Antiviral research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.05.002
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Lactoferrin (LF) is a glycoprotein present in human milk with known antimicrobial effects. In vitro, LF has demonstrated antiviral activity against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). We sought to assess the effect of bovine (b)LF in RSV replication, lung inflammation and function, cytokine profiles and clini...
journal_title：Antiviral research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.05.013
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Infectious bursal disease (IBD) leads to considerable economic losses for the poultry industry by inducing severe immunosuppression and high mortality in chickens. The objective of this study was to determine if RNA interference (RNAi) could be utilized to inhibit IBDV replication in vitro. We selected 3 short interfe...
journal_title：Antiviral research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.antiviral.2007.11.007
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Avian influenza A(H6N1) virus is one of the most common viruses isolated from migrating birds and domestic poultry in many countries. The first and only known case of human infection by H6N1 virus in the world was reported in Taiwan in 2013. This led to concern that H6N1 virus may cause a threat to public health. In t...
journal_title：Antiviral research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.10.019
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The identification of more effective and less toxic foscarnet (PFA) analogs for antiviral therapy would be useful. We recently synthesized 1-O-octadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphonoformic acid (ODG-PFA) and noted a 93-fold increase in its anti-HCMV activity relative to PFA. In addition, the antiviral activity of ODG-PFA in ...
journal_title：Antiviral research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0166-3542(97)00039-9
更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) has been assessed in clinical trials as part of a "shock and kill" strategy to cure HIV-infected patients. While it was effective at inducing expression of HIV RNA ("shock"), treatment with SAHA did not result in a reduction of reservoir size ("kill"). We therefore utilized a com...
journal_title：Antiviral research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.09.002
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nucleoside analogues have been the most successful antiviral compounds. Likewise, they are the most intriguing antiviral compounds, because of their structural relationship to natural nucleosides. This is also the reason why the design process of a potential selective antiviral nucleoside is so difficult. Too many nat...
journal_title：Antiviral research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.antiviral.2006.04.004
更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
