Abstract:
:Measles and pertussis are ubiquitous vaccine-preventable diseases, which remain an important public health problem in developing countries. Hence, developing a deep understanding of their transmission dynamics remains imperative. To achieve this, we compared the impact of vaccination at both individual and population levels in a Senegalese rural community. This study represents the first such comparative study in tropical conditions and constitutes a point of comparison with other studies of disease dynamics in developed countries. Changes in the transmission rates of infections are reflected in their mean ages at infection and basic reproductive ratio calculated before and after vaccination. We explored persistence of both infections in relation to population size in each village and found the inter-epidemic period for the whole area using wavelets analysis. As predicted by epidemiological theory, we observed an increase in the mean age at infection and a decrease in the reproductive ratio of both diseases. We showed for both the pre- vaccination and vaccine eras that persistence depends on population size. After vaccination, persistence decreased and the inter-epidemic period increased. The observed changes suggest that vaccination against measles and pertussis induced a drop in their transmission. Similarities in disease dynamics to those of temperate regions such as England and Wales were also observed.
journal_name
Microbes Infectjournal_title
Microbes and infectionauthors
Broutin H,Mantilla-Beniers NB,Simondon F,Aaby P,Grenfell BT,Guégan JF,Rohani Pdoi
10.1016/j.micinf.2004.12.018subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-04-01 00:00:00pages
593-9issue
4eissn
1286-4579issn
1769-714Xpii
S1286-4579(05)00041-9journal_volume
7pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Parachlamydia acanthamoebae is an obligate intracellular bacterium naturally infecting free-living amoebae. The role of this bacterium as an agent of pneumonia is suggested by sero-epidemiological studies and molecular surveys. Furthermore, P. acanthamoebae may escape macrophages microbicidal effectors. Recently, we d...
journal_title:Microbes and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2015.08.007
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Otitis media (OM) is a highly prevalent paediatric disease with both bacterial and viral triggers of infection. This study has investigated how combinations of bacteria associated with nasal colonisation and the occurrence and absence of viral infection (Sendai virus) induce OM in a mouse nasal colonisation model. The...
journal_title:Microbes and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2009.03.001
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Erythritol is a four-carbon sugar preferentially utilized by Brucella spp. The presence of erythritol in the placentas of goats, cows, and pigs has been used to explain the localization of Brucella to these sites and the subsequent accumulation of large amounts of bacteria, eventually leading to abortion. Here we show...
journal_title:Microbes and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2013.02.002
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The identification of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae outer membrane proteins (OMPs) that may stimulate immunity to swine dysentery is important for vaccine development. We report here the analysis of a novel locus, blpGFEA, encoding four tandem paralogous proteins of approximately 30 kDa from B. hyodysenteriae. The four p...
journal_title:Microbes and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s1286-4579(03)00027-3
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several bacterial pathogens interact with their host through protein secretion effectuated by a type VI secretion system (T6SS). Francisella tularensis is a highly pathogenic intracellular bacterium that causes the disease tularemia. Proteins encoded by the Francisella pathogenicity island (FPI), which constitute a ty...
journal_title:Microbes and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2016.07.006
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Francisella tularensis causes the zoonosis tularemia in humans, and inhaled F. tularensis ssp. novicida induces lethal murine tularemia. Transcription of virulence factors in F. novicida is regulated by macrophage growth locus A (mglA), a global regulator required for bacterial replication in macrophages in vitro. We ...
journal_title:Microbes and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2008.04.008
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The type III secretion system of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium can be used to target heterologous antigens directly into the cytosol of antigen-presenting cells. Our laboratory has previously reported that the single oral immunization of mice with a recombinant Salmonella strain expressing the translocated Y...
journal_title:Microbes and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2005.02.007
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G is an antigen-presenting molecule. This review discusses the possibility that this might not be its primary function. HLA-G indeed modulates innate immunity by interacting with immunoglobulin-like receptors and by regulating HLA-E expression and its subsequent interac...
journal_title:Microbes and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s1286-4579(01)01386-7
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Myxoma virus (MYXV) is a poxvirus with a strict rabbit-specific host-tropism for pathogenesis. The immunoregulatory factors encoded by MYXV can suppress some functions of immune effectors from other species. We review their mechanisms of action, implications in therapeutics and the potential to improve MYXV as an onco...
journal_title:Microbes and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2010.08.012
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::West Nile virus is now distributed throughout many temperate, subtropical and tropical areas: vaccines need to be developed that are affordable for developed and developing countries. Here, we constructed and evaluated a DNA vaccine expressing the premembrane and envelope proteins of West Nile virus (pcWNME). Mice imm...
journal_title:Microbes and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2007.05.013
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a member of the Aphthovirus genus in the Picornaviridae family. Seven distinct serotypes, each including a wide range of variants, have been defined. FMD, affects wild and domesticated ruminants and pigs, is difficult to control and is the major constraint to international trade ...
journal_title:Microbes and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s1286-4579(02)01634-9
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Memory T cells are derived directly from effector cells without need for additional antigen, TcR triggering or induced cytokines. A large fraction of effectors can become memory cells without division, supporting a default pathway with little further differentiation. This suggests that the same signals during infectio...
journal_title:Microbes and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s1286-4579(03)00013-3
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Immature dendritic cells (Dcs) are characterised by high antigen uptake ability and poor T-cell stimulatory function. In contrast, mature DCs have a high stimulatory function and poor antigen uptake ability. Inflammatory stimuli induce DC maturation and migration from nonlymphoid tissues to lymphoid organs. We investi...
journal_title:Microbes and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s1286-4579(99)00209-9
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mucosal epithelial cells express an autonomous innate immune response that controls the overgrowth of invaded bacteria, mitigates the harmful effects of the bacteria carried within, and does not rely on other external arms of the immune response. Epithelial cell autonomous innate immunity "respects" the social biology...
journal_title:Microbes and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2016.03.008
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) effector protein EspG, like the Shigella effector VirA, functions through disruption of the host cell microtubule network. Reports have differed as to whether the EspG homologue, EspG2, is also responsible for microtubule disruption. In this study we show that following tra...
journal_title:Microbes and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2006.04.004
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Entamoeba histolytica, which causes amebic colitis and occasional liver abscesses in humans, can induce host cell death through apoptosis and necrosis. Recently, we have demonstrated that E. histolytica can induce cell death in neutrophils via diphenyleneiodonium-sensitive NADPH oxidase (NOX)-derived reactive oxygen s...
journal_title:Microbes and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2011.06.001
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Currently, there is no specific antiviral therapy for HPV infection. We conducted a randomized open-label clinical trial of JB01-BD, an anti-HPV biological dressing from Shanxi Jinbo Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., China, for treatment of HPV infection. Seventy-seven women with cervical infection by high-risk HPV were rando...
journal_title:Microbes and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2015.10.004
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection causes severe lower respiratory diseases in infancy, early childhood and the elderly. RSV infections respond poorly to current therapies. Therefore, we initiated a search for novel drug targets by investigating the characteristics and identity of RSV adhesion receptors on ma...
journal_title:Microbes and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s1286-4579(02)00079-5
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chlamydia pneumoniae is a respiratory pathogen involved in the onset of chronic inflammatory pathologies. Dendritic cells (DC), are major players in spreading of C. pneumoniae from the lungs, a crucial step leading to disseminated infections. Less is known concerning modulation of DC functions consequent to encounter ...
journal_title:Microbes and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2012.11.004
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells regulate the activity of autoreactive T cells. Depletion of these cells results in the development of a wide-spectrum of organ-specific autoimmune diseases. In vitro model systems have been developed to study the function of these potent suppressor cells. Following their activation via their T-ce...
journal_title:Microbes and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s1286-4579(01)01453-8
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in the innate recognition of pathogens by dendritic cells (DCs) and in the induction of immune responses. However, relatively little is known about their functions in innate/acquired responses to complex eukaryotic microorganisms, including helminth parasites. That Sch...
journal_title:Microbes and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2007.09.013
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the epidemiology of antibiotic resistance and virulence properties among Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates collected in 1999 from patients hospitalized in the intensive care units of the centre hospitalier d'Orléans, in France. We compared the totality of the strains from mechanically ventilated...
journal_title:Microbes and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s1286-4579(02)01579-4
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Mycobacterium abscessus complex can cause fatal pulmonary disease, especially in cystic fibrosis patients. Diagnosing M. abscessus complex pulmonary disease is challenging. Immunologic assays specific for M. abscessus are not available. In this study seven clinical M. abscessus complex strains and the M. abscessus...
journal_title:Microbes and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2018.10.006
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A non-toxigenic tox gene-bearing (NTTB) Corynebacterium ulcerans was grown from the wound of a 61-year-old gardener and in a nasal specimen from the patient's asymptomatic dog. The two isolates were similar in terms of antibiogram, multilocus sequence typing (ST341), virulence genes, and only three SNPs were found to ...
journal_title:Microbes and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2015.07.004
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cytokines are increasingly recognized as important components of the cellular immune responses to intracellular pathogens. In this study, we analyzed the production of TGF-beta, IL-10 and IFN-gamma by PBMC of unexposed naïve subjects and LCL patients after stimulation with live Leishmania guyanensis (L.g.). We demonst...
journal_title:Microbes and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2007.04.009
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Few human pathogens possess the ability exhibited by Candida albicans to colonize and cause symptomatic infections at different body sites. The host immune system is the major factor determining whether this opportunistic yeast behaves as a commensal or as a pathogen, since C. albicans strains appear capable of expres...
journal_title:Microbes and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2005.09.016
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The 3'-5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKG) is the main mediator of cGMP signalling in the malaria parasite. This article reviews the role of PKG in Plasmodium falciparum during gametogenesis and blood stage schizont rupture, as well as the role of the Plasmodium berghei orthologue i...
journal_title:Microbes and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2012.04.011
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Numerous Chlamydia trachomatis proteins have been identified as potential subunit vaccines, of which the major outer-membrane protein (MOMP) has, so far, proven the most efficacious. Recently, subunit A of the V-type ATP synthase (ATPase; TC0582) complex was shown to elicit partial protection against infection. Comput...
journal_title:Microbes and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2015.12.002
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Influenza A virus (IAV) is a pulmonary pathogen, responsible for significant yearly morbidity and mortality. Due to the absence of highly effective antiviral therapies and vaccine, as well as the constant threat of an emerging pandemic strain, there is considerable need to better understand the host-pathogen interacti...
journal_title:Microbes and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2018.03.005
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Campylobacter jejuni is one of the most common causes of bacterial gastroenteritis and chronic sequelae, such as reactive arthritis and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), are known to follow uncomplicated infections. While little is known about reactive arthritis following Campylobacter infection, our knowledge on the pat...
journal_title:Microbes and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s1286-4579(02)01553-8
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00