Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Although insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome are often used synonymously, concordance is not established. METHODS:Metabolic, hemodynamic, and hormonal data were analyzed on 141 patients in the Trial of Preventing Hypertension (TROPHY) Sub-Study with high-normal blood pressure (BP) (130 to 139/85 to 89 mm Hg [mean +/- SD, 133 +/- 8/85 +/- 6 mm Hg]; age, 48 +/- 9 years; body mass index 30 +/- 5 kg/m(2)). RESULTS:Fifty-three of 141 subjects (37.6%; approximately 3/8) had the metabolic syndrome based on three or more of the five risk factors (BP, waist circumference, fasting triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, glucose). To maintain consistency in proportions, insulin resistance was defined as the upper 3/8 of the distribution on the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA), which uses fasting glucose and insulin and a modified Matsuda-DeFronzo index, based on fasting, 1- and 2-h glucose and insulin values. Among metabolic syndrome patients, 57% and 55% were in the upper 3/8 of the distribution for insulin resistance by HOMA and Matsuda-DeFronzo, respectively. Among subjects without the metabolic syndrome, 26% and 27% were insulin resistant by HOMA and Matsuda-DeFronzo criteria. The proportion of patients with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance increased strongly and similarly with increasing body mass index. However, metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance were different compared with their respective controls in the lower 5/8 of the distribution, in waist/hip ratios, fasting and 1-h insulin, HDL-cholesterol, heart rate, and systolic BP responses to exercise and plasma renin, angiotensin, and aldosterone. CONCLUSIONS:The findings suggest that metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance are not synonymous anthropometrically, metabolically, hemodynamically, or hormonally in patients with high-normal BP.
journal_name
Am J Hypertensjournal_title
American journal of hypertensionauthors
Egan BM,Papademetriou V,Wofford M,Calhoun D,Fernandes J,Riehle JE,Nesbitt S,Michelson E,Julius S,TROPHY Sub-study Investigative Team.doi
10.1016/j.amjhyper.2004.08.008subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-01-01 00:00:00pages
3-12issue
1eissn
0895-7061issn
1941-7225pii
S0895-7061(04)00962-8journal_volume
18pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are gender differences in plasma insulin levels or insulin resistance in young adult African-Americans. Male (n = 53) and female (n = 45) subjects (age 23 to 28 years) included normotensives (N, blood pressure [BP] < 135/85 mm Hg) and borderline hypertensives (B...
journal_title:American journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ajh/7.11.948
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The principal aim of the present study was to determine the relationship of ambulatory blood pressure (BP) to urinary electrolyte excretion in normotensives. Twenty-five young adults underwent ambulatory BP and heart rate monitoring while collecting urine over 24 h. The correlations of 24 h urine sodium excretion and ...
journal_title:American journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ajh/6.6.480
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this double-blind, forced titration study was to compare the antihypertensive effect duration of candesartan cilexetil, which has a longlasting binding to the human AT1-receptor, to that of losartan on ambulatory BP (ABP) not only during the 24-h dosing interval but also during the day of a missed dose ...
journal_title:American journal of hypertension
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/s0895-7061(99)00142-9
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since young SHR excrete less urinary kallikrein than WKY, active and total kallikrein (A and T Kall, respectively) was measured (amidolytic assay) in the renal cortex of both strains. Neither at birth nor at age 4 weeks did renal T Kall differ between SHR and WKY. Renal A Kall was significantly lower in newborn SHR an...
journal_title:American journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ajh/1.3.53s
更新日期:1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Debate exists about the relationship between hypovitaminosis D and cardiovascular (CVD) risk. METHODS:This study investigated baseline (n=2,271) 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and baseline and 4 year (n=1,957) CVD risk in a cohort of Finnish middle-aged male smokers. RESULTS:The prevalences of measured hype...
journal_title:American journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ajh/hpt051
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Masked hypertension (MHT), defined as normal blood pressure (BP) at office associated with high BP at home, has been shown to be associated with an increased risk of vascular events. However, MHT is poorly known in the elderly, although this age segment is at high risk of hypertension-related vascular events...
journal_title:American journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ajh.2011.23
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Serotonin-containing neurons in the central nervous system are grouped into a number of discrete and distinctive collections with cell bodies in the brainstem and projections passing to many regions of the brain and spinal cord. Evidence is presented that activation of one projection of serotonin-containing neurons fr...
journal_title:American journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/ajh/1.1.79
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Compliance is commonly defined as the extent to which a person's behavior coincides with medical or health advice. There is evidence that noncompliance is a common problem with many medications, including antihypertensive treatment. Since noncompliance can have serious adverse effects on patient health it is important...
journal_title:American journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0895-7061(95)00195-6
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In uremic animals, vitamin D receptor (VDR) agonists like paricalcitol (Pc) attenuate cardiac hypertrophy, but this effect has not been replicated consistently in humans with chronic kidney disease. Elevated fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) levels cause cardiac hypertrophy with activation of the myocardia...
journal_title:American journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ajh/hpy154
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The nature of the cardiovascular response to isometric exercise is still debated. An adequate blood supply to exercising muscles at the onset of contraction seems to be an important factor controlling the extent of pressor response to isometric contraction. In comparison to normotensive subjects without familiar hyper...
journal_title:American journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ajh/1.3.106s
更新日期:1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Galanin is a 29-amino acid peptide and widely distributed in the brain, although its significance in the control of neural activities is undefined. In the present study, we describe the effects of galanin on the electrically evoked release of dopamine in the rat central nervous system. In addition, to elucidate a poss...
journal_title:American journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0895-7061(98)00168-x
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) antigens and activities were measured in 28 patients with hypertension and 12 normal controls. Steady state plasma glucose (SSPG) concentrations were also determined after an infusion of somatostatin, insulin and glucose. Pati...
journal_title:American journal of hypertension
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0895-7061(95)00442-4
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study has been to test the hypothesis of an alpha 2-adrenoreceptor alteration in human essential hypertension. The design of the study involved the oral administration of 10 mg yohimbine, an alpha 2-adrenergic antagonist, to 25 healthy volunteers and 29 sex- and age-matched untreated hypertensive p...
journal_title:American journal of hypertension
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/0895-7061(95)00037-P
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is growing evidence that residential environment is associated with hypertension. Recently, interest has also turned toward examining the possible influence of remoteness on hypertension. The aim of this study is to explore the effect of remoteness, the shortest path between the subject location and th...
journal_title:American journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ajh.2012.36
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Overweight/obese young men have increased sympatho-excitation to cold and pain stress-induced by the cold pressor test (CPT) that may lead to abnormal hemodynamic responses. Concurrent CPT and exercise may augment the sympathetic-induced increases in aortic blood pressure (BP), pressure wave reflection (augm...
journal_title:American journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/ajh/hpv043
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:To clarify whether the double product (DP) (product of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and pulse rate (PR)) at rest based on home blood pressure (HBP) measurement has prognostic value for mortality. METHODS:HBP data of 2,583 participants from a Japanese general population (40% men) ≥35 years of age (mean, 59 ...
journal_title:American journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ajh.2012.3
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Progression of atherosclerosis with increased arterial stiffness is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Compliance index (CI) derived from digital volume pulse (DVP), measuring the relationship between volume and pressure changes in ...
journal_title:American journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ajh.2010.266
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Reduced synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) is considered a major proatherogenic mechanism in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), but genetic factors impinging on this mechanism have been little studied in this population. METHODS:We tested the relationship between carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) ...
journal_title:American journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.amjhyper.2007.02.009
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:African-American men have stiffer arteries than white men at rest. We sought to test the hypothesis that reductions in stiffness after aerobic exercise may be attenuated in African-American (AA) men compared with white (W) men. METHODS:Twenty-four young men (age 22+/-1.0 years; 12 AA and 12 W) underwent mea...
journal_title:American journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.amjhyper.2007.03.015
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Insulin resistance, the most important factor in metabolic syndrome X, has been considered to raise blood pressure. Recently it was reported that insulin resistance was related to an elevated plasma level of leptin, which is an adipocyte-specific ob gene product and which plays a role in food intake suppression, therm...
journal_title:American journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0895-7061(97)00310-5
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have previously reported that weight gain induced by high-fat diet (HFD) leads to an increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP, +14%) and heart rate (HR, +31%) in the adult rabbit. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that an increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system may contribute to the develop...
journal_title:American journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0895-7061(99)00267-8
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Both nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) are important mediators in the regulation of vascular tone during pregnancy and preeclampsia. This study was designed to investigate the ET-1-induced hypotensive effect in late pregnant rats (P) and in NO-deprived hypertensive pregnant rats (TP), a model of preeclampsia. ...
journal_title:American journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0895-7061(00)01318-2
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Blood pressure (BP) measured in the office setting increases from early through later adulthood. However, it is unknown to what extent out-of-office BP derived via ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) increases over time, and which participant characteristics and risk factors might contribute to these increases. ...
journal_title:American journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ajh/hpaa189
更新日期:2020-11-17 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:It is unknown whether the physiological impact of a given blood pressure (BP) varies by body size. We explored interactions between higher vs. lower systolic BP (SBP) targets and anthropometric measures (body mass index (BMI), body surface area (BSA), height, weight) and recurrent stroke and death in the Sec...
journal_title:American journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/ajh/hpu228
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We evaluated the relationship of the severity of hyperuricemia and the flow-mediated vasodilatation of the brachial artery (FMD) in patients with and without the metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS:In a cross-sectional study, FMD was obtained in 2,732 Japanese healthy men (49 ± 8 years) who had no cardiovasc...
journal_title:American journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ajh.2011.55
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In chronic kidney disease, intensive systolic blood pressure (SBP) control reduces mortality at a cost of greater acute kidney injury risk. Kidney transplantation involves implantation of denervated kidneys and immunosuppressive medications that increase acute kidney injury risk. The optimal blood pressure (...
journal_title:American journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1093/ajh/hpz095
更新日期:2019-08-14 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This birth cohort study was conducted to investigate the contribution of prenatal and antenatal environmental exposures to later-life hypertensive status. METHODS:Two thousand five hundred and three individuals born in 1921-1954 at the Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) were targeted; 2,081 (83.1...
journal_title:American journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ajh.2011.262
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alteration of calcium metabolism and changes in the levels of calcium-regulating hormones have been described in essential hypertension. In the majority of the reported clinical trials, calcium supplementation has resulted in a decrease in blood pressure. However, the mechanisms by which such a response would be media...
journal_title:American journal of hypertension
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ajh/6.12.996
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Ionized magnesium levels are elevated in fetal blood compared with maternal blood, suggesting that the placenta may possess an active transport mechanism for magnesium. In the present study, we sought to determine the existence of an active transport mechanism for magnesium in the placenta using cultured tro...
journal_title:American journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0895-7061(02)02272-0
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Pulse pressure/stroke volume indexed to height(2.04) (PP/SVi) is a validated measure of arterial stiffness, but its relation to carotid atherosclerosis is unknown. METHODS:Clinical, echocardiographic, and carotid ultrasound data from 6,209 hypertensive patients without prevalent cardiovascular (CV) disease ...
journal_title:American journal of hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ajh.2012.38
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00