Abstract：
:To investigate the determining factors in the selection of the transcription start points (tsp) by RNA polymerase of Escherichia coli, we systematically deleted or substituted single base pairs (bps) at 25 putative critical positions in the two extended -10 promoters, P1 and P2, of the gal operon. These changes extend downstream from -24 to +1 of the P1 promoter. In vitro transcription assays using supercoiled DNA templates revealed a preference for a purine in the non-template strand for tsp in both promoters. The optimal tsp is the 11th bp counting downstream from the -10 position. A single bp deletion anywhere from -10 to +1 switched the tsp to the next available purine 2-3 bp downstream on the non-template strand whereas deleting a single bp at position from -24 to -11 did not affect the tsp. The nature of the 10 bp sequence of the -10 to -1 region, while affecting promoter strength, did not influence tsp. The cAMP-CRP complex, which stimulates P1 and represses P2, did not affect the tsp selection process. The rules of tsp selection by RNA polymerase containing sigma70 in gal and pyr promoters discussed here may be applicable to others.
journal_name
Mol Microbioljournal_title
Molecular microbiologyauthors
Lewis DE,Adhya Sdoi
10.1111/j.1365-2958.2004.04318.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-11-01 00:00:00pages
692-701issue
3eissn
0950-382Xissn
1365-2958pii
MMI4318journal_volume
54pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Bacteria of the genera Bacillus and Clostridium form highly resistant spores, which in the case of some pathogens act as the infectious agents. An exosporium forms the outermost layer of some spores; it plays roles in protection, adhesion, dissemination, host targeting in pathogens and germination control. The exospor...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/mmi.13650
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cell wall mycolyl-arabinogalactan-peptidoglycan complex is essential in mycobacterial species, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is the target of several antitubercular drugs. For instance, ethambutol targets arabinogalactan biosynthesis through inhibition of the arabinofuranosyltransferases Mt-EmbA and Mt-Em...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2958.2008.06354.x
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The creA gene of A. nidulans encodes a wide-domain regulatory protein mediating carbon catabolite repression. Northern blot analysis of creA mRNA revealed a complex expression profile: the addition of monosaccharides to a carbon-starved culture of A. nidulans provoked a strong transient stimulation of creA transcript ...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01341.x
更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:CoiA is a transient protein expressed specifically during competence and required for genetic transformation in Streptococcus pneumoniae, but not for DNA uptake. It is widely conserved among Gram-positive bacteria but its function is unknown. Here we report that although the rate of DNA uptake was not affected in a co...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05558.x
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cyclic AMP protein kinase A pathway governs numerous biological features of the fungal pathogen Candida albicans. The catalytic protein kinase A subunits, Tpk1 (orf19.4892) and Tpk2 (orf19.2277), have divergent roles, and most studies indicate a more pronounced role for Tpk2. Here we dissect two Tpk1-responsive pr...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2958.2012.08193.x
更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Small repeat sequences in bacterial genomes, which represent non-autonomous mobile elements, have close similarities to archaeon and eukaryotic miniature inverted repeat transposable elements. These repeat elements are found in both intergenic and intragenic chromosomal regions, and contain an array of diverse motifs....
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.06068.x
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Reverse transcriptase, discovered in 1970 in retroviruses, has until recently been found only in eukaryotic organisms. Recently it was shown to occur in two groups of bacteria: myxobacteria and Escherichia coli. The gene for reverse transcriptase is part of a chromosomal genetic element that codes for the production o...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2958.1989.tb00264.x
更新日期：1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A number of small, multicopy plasmids from Gram-positive bacteria replicate by an asymmetric rolling-circle mechanism. Previous studies with several of these plasmids have identified a palindromic sequence, SSOA, that acts as the single-strand origin (SSO) for the replication of the lagging-strand DNA. Although not al...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2958.1995.tb02377.x
更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Colonies of strains carrying a stable lambdaplacMu15 translational fusion displayed sharply defined intense staining at the centre on Xgal medium. The fusion was in fiu (ferric ion uptake), encoding an iron-regulated outer membrane protein (IROMP) controlled via four overlapping ferric uptake regulator (Fur) boxes in ...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01423.x
更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Palindromic units (PU or REP) were defined as 40-nucleotide DNA sequences which are highly repeated in the genome of several members of the Enterobacteriaceae. They were shown to be a constituent of the bacterial interspersed mosaic element (BIME), in which they are associated with other repetitive sequences. We repor...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2958.1994.tb00995.x
更新日期：1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus bacteria colonize the intestines of the infective soil-dwelling stage of entomophagous nematodes, Heterorhabditis and Steinernema, respectively. These nematodes infect susceptible insect larvae and release the bacteria into the insect blood. The bacteria kill the insect larvae and convert ...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05671.x
更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sigma28 controls the expression of flagella-related genes and is the most widely distributed alternative sigma factor, present in motile Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The distinguishing feature of sigma28 promoters is a long -10 region (GCCGATAA). Despite the fact that the upstream GC is highly conserved, ...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2958.2009.06691.x
更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Beta-oxidation (beta-ox) occurs exclusively in the peroxisomes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and other yeasts, leading to the supposition that fungi lack mitochondrial beta-ox. Here we present unequivocal evidence that the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans houses both peroxisomal and mitochondrial beta-ox. While g...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2958.2004.04340.x
更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Leishmania parasites target macrophages in their mammalian hosts and proliferate within the mature phagolysosome compartment of these cells. Intracellular amastigote stages are dependent on sugars as a major carbon source in vivo, but retain the capacity to utilize other carbon sources. To investigate whether amastigo...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/mmi.13923
更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:SigD and SigE (Salmonella invasion gene) are proteins needed for optimal invasion of Salmonella typhimurium into eukaryotic cells in vitro. SigD is a secreted protein and SigE is a putative chaperone required for SigD stability and/or secretion. SigD is secreted by a type III secretion apparatus encoded within a patho...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.01772.x
更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Type IV secretion systems (T4SS) are utilized by a wide range of Gram negative bacteria to deliver protein and DNA substrates to recipient cells. The best characterized T4SS are the type IVA systems, which exhibit extensive similarity to the Agrobacterium VirB T4SS. In contrast, type IVB secretion systems share almost...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05446.x
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A number of eukaryotic proteins are already known to orchestrate key steps of mRNA metabolism and translation via interactions with the 5' m7GpppN cap. We have characterized a new type of histidine triad (HIT) motif protein (Nhm1) that co-purifies with the cap-binding complex eIF4F of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Nhm1 i...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.03151.x
更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Phytopathogenic bacteria possess a large number of genes that allow them to grow and cause disease on plants. Many of these genes should be induced when the bacteria come in contact with plant tissue. We used a modified in vivo expression technology (IVET) approach to identify genes from the plant pathogen Pseudomonas...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.02877.x
更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many filamentous cyanobacteria are capable of gliding motility by an undefined mechanism. Within the heterocyst-forming clades, some strains, such as the Nostoc spp. and Fisherella spp., are motile only as specialized filaments termed hormogonia. Here we report on the phenotype of inactivation of a methyl-accepting ch...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/mmi.12138
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gyrase-mediated hypernegative supercoiling is one manifestation of R-loop formation, a phenomenon that is normally suppressed by topoisomerase I (topA) in Escherichia coli. Overproduction of RNase HI (rnhA), an enzyme that removes the RNA moiety of R-loops, prevents hypernegative supercoiling and allows growth of topA...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2958.2008.06334.x
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A Plasmodium falciparum hexose transporter (PfHT) has previously been shown to be a facilitative glucose and fructose transporter. Its expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes and the use of a glucose analogue inhibitor permitted chemical validation of PfHT as a novel drug target. Following recent re-annotations of the P....
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07060.x
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An msDNA operon, consisting of genes for msDNA and a reverse transcriptase, is present in Escherichia coliB and absent from E. coliK12. We have found that the msDNA operon is located on a DNA fragment, longer than 15kb, that is absent from E. coliK12. Using conjugation, P1 transduction, and nucleic acid hybridization ...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2958.1990.tb00582.x
更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Molecular analyses were applied to the genes encoding variants of the serosubtyping antigen, the class 1 outer membrane protein (PorA), from 55 serogroup A Neisseria meningitidis strains. These genes were evolutionarily stable and exhibited a limited range of genetic variation, primarily generated by recombination. Tr...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2958.1994.tb01014.x
更新日期：1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are persistent and toxic environmental pollutants that accumulate in anoxic habitats. With the exception of naphthalene, nothing is known about the microbial degradation of PAH in these environments. The challenge that must be met in anaerobic PAH degradation is the destabilizat...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1111/mmi.12874
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The bioluminescent marine bacterium Vibrio harveyi controls light production (lux) by an elaborate quorum-sensing circuit. V. harveyi produces and responds to two different autoinducer signals (AI-1 and AI-2) to modulate the luciferase structural operon (luxCDABEGH) in response to changes in cell-population density. U...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.01913.x
更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The product of the codY gene is required for nutritional repression of the Bacillus subtillis dipeptide permease operon (dpp), an operon expressed at early stationary phase in nutrient-rich medium. Though unrelated to any known DNA-binding protein, CodY was shown to bind specifically to the dpp promoter region. DNase ...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2958.1996.tb02522.x
更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We describe the application of immunofluorescence microscopy to visualization of the subcellular localization of proteins involved in coat morphogenesis and chromosome packaging during the process of sporulation in Bacillus subtilis. In confirmation and extension of previous findings, we show that SpolVA, which is res...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2958.1995.mmi_18030459.x
更新日期：1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The stable maintenance of low-copy-number plasmids requires active partitioning, with the most common mechanism in prokaryotes involving the ATPase ParA. ParA proteins undergo intricate spatiotemporal relocations across the nucleoid, dynamics that function to position plasmids at equally spaced intervals. This spacing...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07316.x
更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The volume of electron flow through the cbb3 branch of the electron transport chain and the redox state of the quinone pool generate signals that regulate photosynthesis gene expression in Rhodobacter sphaeroides. An inhibitory signal is generated at the level of the catalytic subunit of the cbb3 cytochrome c oxidase ...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2958.2001.02299.x
更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ability for light sensing is found from bacteria to humans but relies only on a small number of evolutionarily conserved photoreceptors. A large number of fungi react to light, mostly to blue light. Aspergillus nidulans also responds to red light using a phytochrome light sensor, FphA, for the control of hundreds ...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/mmi.13062
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
