Abstract:
:This article addresses results from a single 4-h and repeated 1- and 4-wk inhalation exposure studies in Wistar rats with vapor and/or aerosol atmospheres of 4-ethoxyaniline (p-phenetidine). Groups of 10 rats/sex were exposed nose-only to mean analytical concentrations of 11.1, 86.2, and 882.6 mg p-phenetidine/m(3) using an exposure regimen of 6 h/day, 5 days/wk for 4 wk. Concentrations were selected based on results from a pilot study in which rats were exposed under identical conditions on 5 consecutive days for 6 h/day to mean analytical concentrations of 38.2, 133.0, and 1247.6 mg/m(3). In repeated exposure studies, the focus of endpoints was on hematotoxicity. The LC50 was not determined, but no rats died following a single 4-h exposure to 5085 mg/m(3) as a mixture of vapor and aerosol. No mortality was observed either in the 1- or 4-wk studies. Rats exposed to 882.6 mg/m(3) and above evoked characteristic signs of toxicity that included cyanosis, with no apparent progression of findings during the exposure period. Animals exposed to 86.2 mg/m(3) and above exhibited a concentration-dependent, significant increase in blood methemoglobin and reticulocyte counts as well as a significant decrease in hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red blood cell counts. Spleen weights were significantly increased in groups exposed to 133.0 mg/m(3) and above. Microscopic changes demonstrated an increased hematopoiesis (bone marrow smears) and splenic hemosiderosis at 86.2 and 882.6 mg/m(3) and a hepatic hemosiderosis only at 882.6 mg/m(3). These data suggest that the toxicity of p-phenetidine is similar to that of its structural analog aniline. Based on the erythrocytotoxicity occurring at 86.2 mg/m(3) and above, including the apparent reactive changes in bone marrow (increased erythropoiesis) and spleen (increased erythroclasia), the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of the 4-wk study was 11.1 mg/m(3) air and that of the 1-wk study was 38.2 mg/m(3) air. This difference in NOAELs is considered to be related to the selection of exposure concentrations rather than cumulative toxicity.
journal_name
Inhal Toxicoljournal_title
Inhalation toxicologyauthors
Pauluhn J,Mohr Udoi
10.1080/089583701753210371subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-11-01 00:00:00pages
993-1013issue
11eissn
0895-8378issn
1091-7691journal_volume
13pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The use of methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) in unleaded gasoline has given rise to numerous debates on the potential public health risk associated with manganese emissions. In fact, combustion products are mainly Mn phosphate, Mn sulfate, and Mn phosphate/sulfate mixture. Our research group did sever...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958370490277245
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abstract::In February 2006, an IARC Monographs Working Group reevaluated the carcinogenic hazards to humans of carbon black, titanium dioxide, and talc, which belong to the group of poorly soluble, low-toxicity particles. The review of the relevant literature and the evaluations by the Working Group will be published in Volume ...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/08958370701497903
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abstract::The effect of particles from road traffic and wood smoke on the innate immune response in the lung was studied in a lung challenge model with the intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. Female Balb/cA mice were instilled intratracheally with wood smoke particles, particles from road traffic collected during wi...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
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doi:10.1080/08958370802590499
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epidemiologic studies have provided strong evidence that episodic exposure to ambient particulate matter is associated with increases in morbidity and mortality. These adverse effects have been demonstrated at concentrations far below the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS), and thus, the biological plausibi...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
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abstract::Acute exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is tied to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, especially among those with prior cardiac injury. The mechanisms and pathophysiological events precipitating these outcomes remain poorly understood but may involve inflammation, oxidative stress, arrhythmia an...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/08958378.2014.995387
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abstract::The World Health Organization identified urban outdoor air pollution as the eighth highest mortality risk factor in high-income countries. Exposure to ambient pollutants such as ozone (O3) increases the number of hospital admissions. O3 is a highly reactive gas that reacts with cells lining the airways, producing the ...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/08958378.2014.922648
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Previous studies have shown that air pollution exposure primes the body to heightened responses to everyday stressors of the cardiovascular system. The purpose of this study was to examine the utility of postprandial responses to a high carbohydrate oral load, a cardiometabolic stressor long used to predict c...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958378.2020.1809572
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abstract::Methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride (MHHPA) is a reactive, low molecular weight chemical used in products such as plastics, paints, and electronic components. Exposure to MHHPA may lead to work-related airway diseases such as rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and asthma. Twelve subjects employed at a plant manufacturing electri...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
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abstract::Risk assessment of occupational exposure to nanomaterials is needed. Human data are limited, but quantitative data are available from rodent studies. To use these data in risk assessment, a scientifically reasonable approach for extrapolating the rodent data to humans is required. One approach is allometric adjustment...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958370600747887
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to conserve material that is available in limited quantities, "directed-flow" nose-only exposure systems have at times been run at flow rates close to the minute ventilation of the animal. Such low-flow-rate conditions can contribute to a decrease of test substance concentration in inhaled air; near the anima...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958370304453
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abstract::The aim of this study was to investigate the dose-related effects of dichlorvos inhalation on electrophysiological alterations of diaphragm and phrenic nerve and the changes in the histologic structure of respiratory system. This study was performed on 33 rats divided into 5 groups, inhaling 1, 2, 5, 10, and 15 microg...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/089583701753403999
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abstract::With regard to genotoxicity testing and cancer risk assessment, particles and fibers form a rather specific group among all toxicants. First, the physicochemical behavior of fibrous and nonfibrous particles is usually very different from that of nonparticulate, chemical carcinogens. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are b...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/089583701753338631
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute lung injury (ALI) induced by phosgene increases risk of serious edema and mortality. Increased permeability of the microvascular endothelium is implicated in the progression of ALI, but the processing interaction and time course activity of the vascular regulators in exudation are still not understood. The main ...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958370802015091
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A combination of high fuel prices, bus maintenance costs, and the health and safety of school children, along with a consideration of federal and state regulations, prompted Medford Township school district in southern New Jersey to explore the use of alternative fuels, specifically biodiesel. The school district owns...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958370701533467
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oxidative stress is thought to be the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis induced by asbestos, and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protects lung tissue against oxidative stress. We hypothesized that HO-1 is associated with oxidative lung injury caused by exposure to asbestos. This study was conducted to investigate the time co...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
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doi:10.1080/08958370590922580
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::An approach to identify causal components of complex air pollution mixtures was explored. Rats and mice were exposed by inhalation 6 h daily for 1 week or 6 months to dilutions of simulated downwind coal emissions, diesel and gasoline exhausts and wood smoke. Organ weights, hematology, serum chemistry, bronchoalveolar...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/08958378.2014.920440
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a common but important air pollutant. Micronuclei (MN) in the polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) of mouse bone marrow and the ratio between organ and body weight of treatment mouse were determined and analyzed in vivo in order to study injury of sulfur dioxide inhalation on organs and germ plasm ...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958370390226558
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article addresses the importance of blood pressure as a covariate in studies of long-term associations between air quality and mortality. We focus on a cohort of about 50,000 U.S. veterans who had been diagnosed as hypertensive at some time and whose survival rates were predicted by blood pressure (BP) and ambien...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
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doi:10.1080/08958370304463
更新日期:2003-04-25 00:00:00
abstract::Airstream clearance (with units of volume/time) is the volumetric flow from which chemical would have to be completely removed to account for the net loss in the nose. Extraction is the proportion of airflow from which the chemical is completely removed. Over the past several years we have developed physiologically ba...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958370151126284
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abstract::Background: High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein plays an important pathogenic role in various diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis. However, the relationship between variation of HMGB1 gene and susceptibility to coal worker's pneumoconiosis (CWP) remains unclear. The objective of the study was to determine the as...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
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abstract::Increased lung cancer incidence with workers at the production site of crude silicon carbide (SiC) using the Acheson process has been reported. Several agents derived from the process were discussed as causative factors. Recently concern had been expressed about the presence of cleavage fragments (CFs) in commercial p...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/08958378.2014.885099
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abstract::The effect of prenatal exposure to diesel exhaust (DE) was investigated. Twenty pregnant ICR mice were exposed to DE at the particle concentration of 1.0 mg/m3, from d 2 until d 16 postcoitum. Male offspring were kept alive until 12 wk of age, and then male reproductive organ weight, daily sperm production (DSP), seru...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958370601069257
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tire and road wear particles (TRWP) are a component of ambient particulate matter (PM) produced from the interaction of tires with the roadway. Inhalation of PM has been associated with cardiopulmonary morbidities and mortalities thought to stem from pulmonary inflammation. To determine whether TRWP may contribute to ...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/08958378.2012.730071
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigated the surface chemistry of urban fine particles (PM(2.5)), and quantified the adsorbed and desorbed species after exposure to bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Urban background and roadside PM(2.5) samples of different mass concentration and total weight were collected in triplicate in the Sou...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
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doi:10.1080/08958370490443204
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Germany in 2006 a series of rapidly developing and sometimes severe cases of pulmonary health impairment were observed after normal use of the "Magic Nano Glass & Ceramic" spray and "Magic Nano Bath" spray. In contrast, the previously marketed "Magic Nano" pump spray product (handheld trigger device without propell...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
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doi:10.1080/08958370802220634
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Asthma rates have been increasing worldwide, and exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEP) may be implicated in this increase. DEP may also play a role in the increased morbidity and mortality associated with ambient airborne particulate matter (PM) exposure. Two types of nasal responses have been reported for human ...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
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doi:10.1080/08958370600743027
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The C9 alkylbenzenes, composed mostly of ethyltoluenes and trimethylbenzenes, comprise 75-90% of the naphtha fraction of crude oil. Occupational and environmental exposure to C9 alkylbenzenes occur via inhalation. We conducted short-term inhalation studies on the ethyltoluene isomers (2-, 3- or 4-) to select one isome...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A low-cutoff, high-volume conventional impactor has been designed. This sampler uses a slit-shaped acceleration jet and operates at 1100 L/min. The impaction substrate is polyurethane foam (PUF). The impactor collection efficiency was characterized using polydisperse particles, and the 50% size cutoff point was 0.12 ¡...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958378.2000.11463198
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was designed to investigate effects of sulfur dioxide (SO(2)) and its derivatives (bisulfite and sulfite) on the rat blood pressure. The blood pressures of male Wistar rats exposed to SO(2) and its derivatives at various doses were measured. Findings were that: (1) with acute-one time exposure to SO(2) for ...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958370390215785
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00