Abstract:
:Both Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae are naturally transformable species and are known to be freely recombining in the wild. Large multilocus sequence typing (MLST) datasets have been generated for these species. Here we outline an approach which exploits these data sets in order to quantify the extent of recombination, thus enabling meaningful comparisons between the two species. Two parameters are estimated; the rate at which recombination changes alleles, compared to point mutation, and the rate at which recombination changes individual nucleotide sites, compared to point mutation. Estimates for the former parameter are 4:1 in the meningococcus (i.e. alleles are changed four-fold more frequently by recombination than by mutation), and 10:1 in the pneumococcus. However, estimates for the latter parameter are at least 80:1 in the meningococcus (i.e. an individual nucleotide site is at least 80-fold more likely to change by recombination than by mutation) and 50:1 in the pneumococcus. These data imply that recombination events, compared to mutational events, may be more common in the pneumococcus than in the meningococcus. However, because it is a more diverse species, each recombinational exchange in the meningococcus results in more nucleotide changes on average.
journal_name
Res Microbioljournal_title
Research in microbiologyauthors
Feil EJ,Enright MC,Spratt BGdoi
10.1016/s0923-2508(00)00168-6subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-07-01 00:00:00pages
465-9issue
6eissn
0923-2508issn
1769-7123pii
S0923-2508(00)00168-6journal_volume
151pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::This study evaluated two generic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocols, and nine subtyping protocols and three PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) protocols for detection of stx genes. The PCR protocols were evaluated by testing 12 reference isolates and 496 field strains of Shiga toxin-producing E...
journal_title:Research in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0923-2508(02)01322-0
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The psychotrophic strain Pseudomonas fluorescens MFO is known to express several enzymatic activities in milk, including extracellular proteolytic activity, optimally when cells are grown at 17.5 degrees C. In order to study the nature of the mechanisms controlling the production of the extracellular protease, we devi...
journal_title:Research in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0923-2508(93)90064-9
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::An unusual structural component of plasmid pUC18 was observed in transformants of Escherichia coli strains. This molecule migrated faster than superhelical topoisomers in agarose gel electrophoresis and was difficult to stain with ethidium bromide. This unusual topology appeared independently of gyrase mutation, and t...
journal_title:Research in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0923-2508(92)90061-r
更新日期:1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clostridium tyrobutyricum is an anaerobic bacterium responsible for late blowing defects during cheese ripening and it is of scientific interest for biological hydrogen production. A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coating technique and X-ray microanalysis were developed to analyze the architecture and chemical com...
journal_title:Research in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.resmic.2009.04.003
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The association between bacteria and leaves in Ardisia has been described as a cyclic and obligate symbiosis in which bacteria are maintained throughout all stages of the plant's life cycle to guarantee normal growth and survival of the host. This intimate interaction suggests that both partners have co-diversified to...
journal_title:Research in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.resmic.2011.04.003
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Some of the present problems in ribotyping are associated with a lack of uniform reactivity of probes when bacterial DNAs are of phylogenetically diverse origins. To overcome these problems, a set of five oligonucleotides (referred to as OligoMix5) was selected to react with conserved sequences located near both extre...
journal_title:Research in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0923-2508(99)80064-3
更新日期:1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria acts as a barrier against harmful lipophilic compounds and larger molecules unable to diffuse freely through the porins. However, outer membrane proteins together with the Tol-Pal and TonB systems have been exploited for the entry of macromolecules such as bacteriocins and ...
journal_title:Research in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0923-2508(01)01226-8
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The information collected in national and international libraries on nucleotide and protein sequences cannot be directly treated for proper handling by existing software. Therefore we evaluated the feasibility of constructing a data base for Escherichia coli using the data present in the banks. The knowhow thus acquir...
journal_title:Research in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0923-2508(91)90073-j
更新日期:1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::ATP binding cassette (ABC) systems constitute one of the most abundant superfamilies of proteins. They are involved not only in the transport of a wide variety of substances, but also in many cellular processes and in their regulation. In this paper, we made a comparative analysis of the properties of ABC systems and ...
journal_title:Research in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0923-2508(01)01194-9
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus are prevalent. The dramatically reduced discovery of new antibiotics, as well as the persistent emergence of resistant bacteria, represents a major health problem in both hospital and community settings. Using antibiotic enhancers to rescue existing classes of antibiotics is ...
journal_title:Research in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.resmic.2016.08.002
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::An aerotolerant, psychrotolerant anaerobe, anNAG3, was isolated from an acidic forest floor solution (in situ pH of 4.5). Cells of anNAG3 stained Gram-positive did not form spores, and were not motile. Cells were ovoid, approximately 1 microm long and 0.7 microm wide, mostly in pairs, and contained a multi-layered cel...
journal_title:Research in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.resmic.2004.06.006
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::For a number of years now, we have argued that current models for the control of initiation of DNA synthesis, chromosomal partitioning and septum formation in Escherichia coli are unsatisfactory. Indeed, we could argue that despite considerable efforts, with the possible exception of dnaA and ftsZ, no genes specifical...
journal_title:Research in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0923-2508(91)90031-5
更新日期:1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ferric reductase catalyzes the reduction of ferric iron into ferrous iron and plays an essential role in high-affinity iron acquisition. In this study, we found that the cfl1Δ/Δ (orf19.1263) mutant was not defective in iron acquisition. However, deletion of CFL1 increased cellular iron accumulation by elevating surfac...
journal_title:Research in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.resmic.2014.03.001
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of plasmid pKK3535 (a pBR322-derived plasmid containing a ribosomal RNA operon) is described for determining rRNA gene restriction patterns. The plasmid allowed the use of both radioactive as well as nonradioactive procedures and provided features that are necessary for the inclusion of internal and/or externa...
journal_title:Research in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0923-2508(89)90024-7
更新日期:1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacillus laterosporus is a spore-forming bacterium characterized by its ability to produce a canoe-shaped lamellar parasporal inclusion, adjacent to the spore. In some B. laterosporus strains crystalline inclusions of various shapes and sizes, which are released separately from spores during the lysis of the sporangiu...
journal_title:Research in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0923-2508(96)84709-7
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of protein-tyrosine kinases in bacterial polymyxin resistance was assessed by both genetic and biochemical approaches. Each of the two genes, wzc and etk, encoding protein-tyrosine kinases in Escherichia coli, was knocked out by using the PCR-based method of one-step inactivation of chromosomal genes, and the...
journal_title:Research in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.resmic.2006.01.003
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was applied to genomic DNA from nineteen yeast strains belonging to the genera Saccharomyces and Zygosaccharomyces. Results obtained with five primers indicated that this technique is a powerful tool for yeast differentiation and identification. The data were consistent...
journal_title:Research in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0923-2508(96)80565-1
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The naturally transformable bacterium Haemophilus influenzae Rd contains 1471 copies of the DNA uptake signal sequence (USS) 5'-AAGTGCGGT in its genome. Neisseria meningitidis contains 1891 copies of the USS sequence 5'-GCCGTCTGAA. The USSs are often found in the base paired stem of transcription terminators. ...
journal_title:Research in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0923-2508(99)00130-8
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The response of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC 23270 to copper was analyzed in sulfur-grown cells by using quantitative proteomics. Forty-seven proteins showed altered levels in cells grown in the presence of 50 mM copper sulfate. Of these proteins, 24 were up-regulated and 23 down-regulated. As seen before in fe...
journal_title:Research in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.resmic.2014.07.005
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Soil is one of the most complex and challenging environments for microbiologists. In fact, although it contains the largest microbial diversity on the planet, the majority of these microbes are still uncharacterized and represent an enormous unexplored reservoir of genetic and metabolic diversity. Metagenomics, the st...
journal_title:Research in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.resmic.2010.04.010
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Explosives such as octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) provide a challenge in terms of bioremediation. In the present study, sheep rumen was studied for its potential to detoxify HMX using analytical chemistry and molecular microbial ecology tools. Results indicated significant loss (p < 0.05) of HM...
journal_title:Research in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.resmic.2012.08.001
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The gene encoding a lipoprotein of 67 kDa, named P67, was cloned from Mycoplasma sp. bovine group 7 strain PG50 and expressed in Escherichia coli K12. Analysis of the amino acid sequence derived from the DNA sequence of the P67 gene revealed a typical prokaryotic signal peptidase II membrane lipoprotein lipid attachme...
journal_title:Research in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0923-2508(97)83624-8
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacillus species as a group offer several advantages over other bacteria for protection against root pathogens because of their ability to form endospores, and because of the broad-spectrum activity of their antibiotics. The objectives of this work were to determine the ability of strains of Bacillus to inhibit Fusari...
journal_title:Research in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.resmic.2005.03.001
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::WhiB is an essential sporulation factor in Streptomyces coelicolor. We report here the molecular genetic characterisation of whiB3, a whiB-like gene in the nonspore-forming Mycobacterium smegmatis mc(2)155. M. smegmatis whiB3 encodes a 96-amino-acid protein with 81% similarity to its M. tuberculosis counterpart identi...
journal_title:Research in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0923-2508(99)80055-2
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::There are several occasions when enumeration of Escherichia coli cells is needed. These include examination of urine specimens and water or food samples. Present methods rely on growth in more or less selective media (colony-forming units on agar or the most probable number method using liquid media). Unfortunately, n...
journal_title:Research in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0923-2508(00)00222-9
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Staphylococcus xylosus is a commensal species commonly found on the skin of mammals, but also currently used as starter culture for meat fermentation. Most strains of this species colonize by forming a biofilm on abiotic surfaces. We show here that the majority of S. xylosus strains also exhibit extensive colony sprea...
journal_title:Research in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.resmic.2008.02.003
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rapid identification of clinically important yeasts can facilitate the initiation of anti-fungal therapy, since susceptibility is largely species-dependent. We evaluated melting peak and melting curve analysis of the internally transcribed spacer region 2 fragment (ITS2-MCA) as an identification tool for distinguishin...
journal_title:Research in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.resmic.2012.10.017
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plasmids that express an enzymatically active beta-galactosidase in an Escherichia coli delta lac strain were isolated from libraries of recombinant plasmids containing Vibrio cholerae chromosomal DNA. Deletion analysis localized the gene responsible for beta-galactosidase activity on a 3.1-kb DNA fragment, and the ge...
journal_title:Research in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0923-2508(92)90031-i
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Six genes encoding cold-shock-like proteins, including cspE, are contained within the genome of Acinetobacter oleivorans DR1. All six genes are similar in size as well as amino acid identity, but appear to be differentially regulated under stressful conditions. Four of these genes (cspA, cspB, cspC and cspE) were func...
journal_title:Research in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.resmic.2018.04.011
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacillus cereus is widely distributed in the environment and is responsible for foodborne illnesses, causing diarrhea and vomiting. In this study, the prevalence of B. cereus bacteriophages in Korean fermented foods was studied using 6 reference strains, and JBP901 was further characterized. In a total of 47 samples, ...
journal_title:Research in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.resmic.2011.07.001
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00