Abstract:
BACKGROUND:The demands of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) change with experience. This report contains two studies designed to examine N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor contributions to the executive components of WCST performance. These aspects of WCST performance figure more prominently in the initial completion of this task than in subsequent task repetitions in healthy populations. METHODS:In the first study, healthy subjects (n = 15) completed the WCST on two occasions separated by 1 week. In the second study, healthy subjects (n = 22) completed two test days spaced by approximately 1 week, during which, they completed the WCST and other assessments after administration of the NMDA antagonist ketamine (intravenous bolus 0.26 mg/kg followed by infusion of 0.65 mg/kg/hour) or matched placebo. RESULTS:In the first study, subjects reduced the number of total and perseverative errors with a single repetition of the WCST. In the second study, ketamine significantly increased the number of total errors and the number and percent of perseverative errors on the first, but not the second test day. Similarly, it reduced the number of category criteria met on the first, but not second test day. Ketamine also increased distractibility, impaired recall, produced psychosis, altered perception, and had effects resembling the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. However, only WCST performance showed order dependency. CONCLUSIONS:This order dependency further implicates NMDA receptors in executive cognitive functions associated with the frontal cortex.
journal_name
Biol Psychiatryjournal_title
Biological psychiatryauthors
Krystal JH,Bennett A,Abi-Saab D,Belger A,Karper LP,D'Souza DC,Lipschitz D,Abi-Dargham A,Charney DSdoi
10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00097-9subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-01-15 00:00:00pages
137-43issue
2eissn
0006-3223issn
1873-2402pii
S0006-3223(99)00097-9journal_volume
47pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:A number of investigators have reported finding elevated basal and stimulated intracellular calcium levels in the platelets or lymphocytes of bipolar disorder patients. METHODS:Intracellular calcium was measured by a micro fura-2 fluorometric method in the platelets and lymphocytes of 30 affective disorder ...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
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doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(98)00308-4
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journal_title:Biological psychiatry
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pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:1995-06-15 00:00:00
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journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.09.016
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journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期:1999-01-15 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1987-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.02.009
更新日期:2009-07-15 00:00:00
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pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
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