The pharmacology of apoptosis.

abstract：:Insect nicotinic acetylcholine (nACh) receptors are molecular targets of insecticides such as neonicotinoids that are used to control disease-carrying insects and agricultural pests. To date, several insect nACh receptor subunits have been identified, indicating different nACh receptor subtypes and pharmacological pro...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Thany SH,Lenaers G,Raymond-Delpech V,Sattelle DB,Lapied B

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) are a family of immunomodulatory receptors whose functions are regulated by their glycan ligands. Siglecs are attractive therapeutic targets because of their cell type-specific expression pattern, endocytic properties, high expression on certain lymphomas/l...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Angata T,Nycholat CM,Macauley MS

更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pharmacological studies as well as molecular cloning of 5-HT receptors have revealed a multiplicity of receptor subtypes, not only in mammals but, as discussed in this review by René Hen, also in molluscs and arthropods. Most of these receptors belong to the G protein-coupled receptor family, and their mechanism of ac...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Hen R

更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The histamine H3 receptor was discovered 15 years ago, and many potent and selective H3 receptor agonists and antagonists have since been developed. Currently, much attention is being focused on the therapeutic potential of H3 receptor ligands. In this review, Rob Leurs, Patrizio Blandina, Clark Tedford and Henk Timme...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Leurs R,Blandina P,Tedford C,Timmerman H

更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recently, nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) has been shown, using different techniques, to mobilize intracellular Ca2+ stores in invertebrate, lower vertebrate, plant and mammalian cells. This endogenous molecule might play an atypical role in Ca2+ signalling by coordinating the responses of other ...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Genazzani AA,Billington RA

更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Upregulation of binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) is observed in the brains of both smokers and animals chronically exposed to nicotine, although whether this in vivo change is accompanied by an increase in receptor function is unknown. In vitro recordings indicate that alpha4beta2- and alpha7-subt...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Buisson B,Bertrand D

更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The phospholipase A2 enzymes are important components of the cellular machinery that responds to inflammatory stimuli and maintains cell homeostasis by membrane remodelling. Their role as the rate-limiting step in the production of pro-inflammatory lipid mediators makes these enzymes an important therapeutic target fo...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Glaser KB,Mobilio D,Chang JY,Senko N

更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Conus venoms from marine cone snails continue to provide novel bioactive components. Two new classes of conopeptide specifically block alpha(1)-adrenoceptors (rho-conopeptide) and noradrenaline transporters (chi-conopeptides). Both classes are small peptides with two disulfide bonds. Rho-conopeptide is structurally si...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Harvey AL

更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cannabinoids have emerged as powerful drug candidates for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases due to their immunosuppressive properties. Significant clinical and experimental data on the use of cannabinoids as anti-inflammatory agents exist in many autoimmune disease settings, but virtually no studie...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Nagarkatti M,Rieder SA,Hegde VL,Kanada S,Nagarkatti P

更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a pulmonary inflammatory disease that is caused by cigarette smoke. The main characteristic of COPD is the continued inflammation caused by the sustained influx of macrophages and neutrophils into the lung. Recent studies have shed light on how these cells are attracted ...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Smit JJ,Lukacs NW

更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability to target specific cell types to achieve optimal distribution of therapeutic entities into diseased tissues, while limiting possible adverse off-target effects, has long been a goal of many research groups and pharmaceutical organizations. This review focuses on peptidic tissue-specific biomarkers that all...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Svensen N,Walton JG,Bradley M

更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Clinical experience with muscarinic agonists in the symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer's disease includes studies of the effects of pilocarpine, arecoline, bethanechol, oxotremorine and RS 86. Although the results are somewhat conflicting, there is evidence that a subgroup of patients may respond with an improvement o...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Gray JA,Enz A,Spiegel R

更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Evidence of off-target effects (OTEs) associated with small interfering (si)RNAs (19-29bp) in mammalian cells has existed for several years. Two recent articles demonstrate that short sequences within long double-stranded (ds)RNAs frequently cause undesirable OTEs in cultured Drosophila cells. These results reveal the...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Moffat J,Reiling JH,Sabatini DM

更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Much regarding the engagement of the G(12) family of heterotrimeric G proteins (G(12) and G(13)) by agonist-activated receptors remains unclear. For example, the identity of receptors that couple unequivocally to G(12) and G(13) and how signals are allocated among these and other G proteins remain open questions. Part...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Riobo NA,Manning DR

更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The GPR119 receptor is expressed predominantly in pancreatic β cells and in enteroendocrine cells. It is a major target for the development of anti-diabetic drugs that through GPR119 activation may stimulate both insulin and GLP-1 release. GPR119 can be activated by oleoylethanolamide and several other endogenous lipi...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Hansen HS,Rosenkilde MM,Holst JJ,Schwartz TW

更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the past 20 years we have learned a great deal about GABAA receptor (GABAAR) subtypes, and which behaviors are regulated or which drug effects are mediated by each subtype. However, the question of where GABAARs involved in specific drug effects and behaviors are located in the brain remains largely unanswered. We ...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Engin E,Benham RS,Rudolph U

更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The efficacy of the powerful CRISPR-Cas9 genome-editing platform depends on DNA repair activities in the cells being targeted. Two new papers show that the low efficiency of targeting in some primary human cell lines is the result of p53-dependent cell arrest in response to the Cas9-induced break. This limitation must...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Carroll D

更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Controversy over the meaning of pharmacological parameters often arises because of a lack of appreciation of different hierarchical levels of analysis. In a recent letter in Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, Zhang and Kavana [1] concluded that my two-state model for allosterism lacks cooperativity, even though Figur...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Ehlert FJ

更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Salvinorin A, a neoclerodane diterpene, is the most potent naturally occurring hallucinogen known and rivals the synthetic hallucinogen lysergic acid diethylamide in potency. Recently, the molecular target of salvinorin A was identified as the kappa opioid receptor (KOR). Salvinorin A represents the only known non-nit...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Sheffler DJ,Roth BL

更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:5-HT(3) receptors are widely distributed in the CNS and PNS where they participate in a variety of physiological processes. Native 5-HT(3) receptors in the CNS display functional and pharmacological heterogeneity, suggesting the existence of multiple receptor subunits. However, recent evidence suggests that of the two...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： van Hooft JA,Yakel JL

更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the discipline of pharmacology, drugs (ligands) are used as tools to elucidate the processes of biological systems. Because of this, pharmacologists strive to delineate all characteristics of drugs. Decades of research have resulted in the proposal that ligands possess two properties that are intrinsic to the ligan...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Clarke WP,Bond RA

更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the conventional view, GABA acts at either ionotropic GABAA or metabotropic GABAB receptors. Recently, novel ionotropic GABA receptors that are composed of rho-subunits have been identified in the vertebrate retina. These bicuculline- and baclofen-insensitive GABA receptors are frequently called GABAC, following an...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Bormann J

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The translocator protein (TSPO), an 18-kDa transmembrane protein primarily found in the outer mitochondrial membrane, is evolutionarily conserved and widely distributed across species. In mammals, TSPO has been described as a key member of a multiprotein complex involved in many putative functions and, over the years,...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Lacapere JJ,Duma L,Finet S,Kassiou M,Papadopoulos V

更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It has been over 50years since Sir James Black developed the first beta adrenergic receptor (βAR) blocker to treat heart disease. At that time, the concept of cell surface receptors was relatively new and not widely accepted, and most of the tools currently used to characterize plasma membrane receptors had not been d...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Kobilka BK

更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The genotoxicity of the most potent carcinogen in cigarette smoke [4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)] is dependent on the relationship between its activation by cytochrome P450 enzymes and its detoxification by carbonyl reduction to NNK alcohol (NNAL) followed by glucuronidation. Recently, '11 beta-...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Maser E

更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) have many etiologies compounded by limited options for treatment. The lack of successful treatments for these disorders stems from the difficulty of gaining effective access to the CNS through the blood-brain barrier, and the irreplaceable nature of neurons. Here, we revie...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Valente LA,Begg LR,Filiano AJ

更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Since the cloning and expression of many of the G protein-coupled receptors during the 1980s, there has been a massive increase in our understanding of many aspects of their function. The use of molecular biology to engineer and express mutant receptors has made it possible to determine key amino acids involved in rec...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Haddad el-B,Rousell J

更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pharmacologists have studied receptors for more than a century but a molecular understanding of their properties has emerged only during the past 30-35 years. In this article, I provide a personal retrospective of how developments and discoveries primarily during the 1970s and 1980s led to current concepts about the l...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Lefkowitz RJ

更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent studies have proposed a functional link between annexin 1 (ANXA1), an endogenous anti-inflammatory mediator, and receptors of the formyl-peptide family. In particular, exogenous and endogenous ANXA1 and its peptidomimetics interact with one member of this family, the formyl-peptide-receptor-like 1. Further anal...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Perretti M

更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Prospecting the full biodiversity of nature to find leads for new drugs is not necessary. Because finding leads is aimed at identifying biological activity, structure is of secondary importance. Furthermore, although natural chemical diversity might be unrivalled, functional diversity is bound to be considerably less....

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Tulp M,Bohlin L

更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00