Human interleukin 4 is a glycosaminoglycan-binding protein.

abstract：:Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that colonizes human gastro-intestinal mucosal tissues. Its effect on the immune response in intestinal epithelial cells and on the intestinal mucosal barrier are not yet fully understood. In this study, we investigated Caco-2 cells, a monolayer model of intestinal ...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Mao X,Qiu X,Jiao C,Lu M,Zhao X,Li X,Li J,Ma J,Zhang H

更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tumour necrosis factor alpha(TNF-alpha) is one of the most important pro-inflammatory cytokines, which plays an important role in host defense and acute inflammation related to tissue injury. The major source of TNF-alpha has been shown to be immune cells such as macrophages and neutrophils. In the present study, we d...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： McRitchie DI,Isowa N,Edelson JD,Xavier AM,Cai L,Man HY,Wang YT,Keshavjee SH,Slutsky AS,Liu M

更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The regulation of local L-tryptophan concentrations by tryptophan-degrading enzyme, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) induced by various stimuli such as interferon-γ (IFN-γ) is one of the key mechanisms in antimicrobial effect. Recently, IDO is also focused on an immunosuppressive mechanism shared by several different...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Murakami Y,Hoshi M,Hara A,Takemura M,Arioka Y,Yamamoto Y,Matsunami H,Funato T,Seishima M,Saito K

更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In serum-free WEHI-3 supernatants an activity was detected inducing haemoglobin synthesis in human and murine erythroleukaemia cell lines. The absolute numbers of benzidine-positive cells induced with either DMSO or WEHI-3-conditioned medium were comparable. Terminal differentiation was not observed. An expression lib...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Dörmer P,Spitzer E,Frankenberger M,Kremmer E

更新日期：2004-06-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Thymic interleukin-6 (IL-6), which is produced primarily by thymic epithelial cells, is an important cytokine for T cell growth and differentiation in the thymus. In the present study, we investigated the effects of autocrine IL-6 on the cytokines in primary cultures of human thymic epithelial cells. Using an antibody...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Tseng YL,Wu MH,Yang HC,Wang CY,Lin CF

更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of this study was to clone and characterize the bovine IL-1rII. Using a human IL-1rII probe, three putative exons of the bovine IL-1rII were identified from a bovine genomic library. The full length cDNA for bovine IL-1rII was cloned from a bovine endometrial cDNA library using oligonucleotides designed fr...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Yu PW,Chen HT,Czuprynski CJ,Schuler LA

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Literature studies suggest important protective effects of low-frequency, low-energy pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) on inflammatory pathways affecting joint and cerebral diseases. However, it is not clear on which bases they affect neuroprotection and the mechanism responsible is yet unknown. Therefore the aim ...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Merighi S,Gessi S,Bencivenni S,Battistello E,Vincenzi F,Setti S,Cadossi M,Borea PA,Cadossi R,Varani K

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human interleukin-6 (IL-6) secreted by cytokine- or endotoxin-induced fibroblasts, monocytes, keratinocytes, endometrial stromal cells, and endothelial cells, when analyzed under denaturing and reducing conditions, consists of a set of differentially modified phosphoglycoproteins of molecular mass in the range from 23...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： May LT,Shaw JE,Khanna AK,Zabriskie JB,Sehgal PB

更新日期：1991-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The gene for ISG12 (originally designated p27) was isolated as an oestrogen-induced gene. The authors undertook a comprehensive study using quantitative RT-PCR, in which we delineate the regulation of ISG12 by seven different cytokines including interferons and poly(I). poly(C) in seven human cell lines of different o...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Gjermandsen IM,Justesen J,Martensen PM

更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have cloned and performed the first functional characterization of the chemokine receptor, CCR3, of Cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis). The deduced amino acid sequence of the cloned Cynomolgus CCR3 was found to be more similar to that of a previously-reported Rhesus (Macaca mulatta) CCR3 (99.4%) than that of a...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Iino T,Sugimoto H,Watanabe A,Encinas JA,Liu N,Floeckner J,Bacon KB

更新日期：2002-09-21 00:00:00

abstract：:To date, the biological activity of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has been investigated by using mostly Escherichia coli- or yeast cell-derived recombinant human GM-CSF (erhGM-CSF and yrhGM-CSF, respectively). However, Chinese hamster ovary cell-derived recombinant human GM-CSF (crhGM-CSF),...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Hashimoto A,Tanaka T,Itoh Y,Yamagata A,Kitamura N,Tazawa R,Nakagaki K,Nakata K

更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The gene polymorphisms interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) +874 T/A and interleukin (IL)-4 -590 C/T have been associated with the altered production of cytokines. Therefore, they might be indicative of the occurrence of Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. The analysis of single nucleotide po...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Bozzi A,Reis BS,Pereira PP,Pedroso EP,Goes AM

更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Expression of GPCR fatty acid sensor/receptor genes in adipocytes is modulated by inflammatory mediators, particularly IL-1β. In this study we examined whether the IL-1 gene superfamily member, IL-33, also regulates expression of the fatty acid receptor genes in adipocytes. Human fat cells, differentiated from preadip...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Zaibi MS,Kępczyńska MA,Harikumar P,Alomar SY,Trayhurn P

更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The balance of several cytokines likely influences the resolution of glomerulonephritis. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1) is a chemokine that promotes renal inflammation whereas epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulates protective responses. Previously, high urine MCP-1(MCP-1) and low urine EGF (EGF)...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Chanrat E,Worawichawong S,Radinahamed P,Sathirapongsasuti N,Nongnuch A,Assanatham M,Udomsubpayakul U,Kitiyakara C

更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To examine the expression of chemokine receptors in different peripheral blood T-cell subsets in patients with polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM). METHODS:We used flow cytometry to measure the frequencies of chemokinereceptors CXCR3 and CCR4 expression in the CD4+ or CD8+ lymphocytes. Enzyme linked i...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Zhu Z,Yang C,Wang J,Feng Q,Chen Q,Yang P

更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this study we have examined the effect of agents known to perturb certain signal transduction pathways on the biological responses of target cells to stimulation with interleukin-1 (IL-1). In the murine thymoma cell line EL4, IL-1 stimulation results in the secretion of interleukin-2 (IL-2), which was subsequently ...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Rollins P,Witham S,Ray K,Thompson N,Sadler H,Smithers N,Grenfell S,Solari R

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We previously isolated quercetin 3-O-beta-(2''-galloyl)-glucopyranoside (QG-32) from Persicaria lapathifolia (Polygonacease) as an inhibitor of superoxide production. In the present study, QG-32 was found to inhibit interleukin (IL)-6 production in endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages RAW 264.7. T...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Kim BH,Lee IJ,Lee HY,Han SB,Hong JT,Ahn B,Lee CK,Kim Y

更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this study two different aspects of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 1 (IL-1) in locally induced murine streptococcal cell wall arthritis (SCW) were investigated. First, the kinetics and interdependence of TNF-alpha and IL-1 release; and second; their involvement in inflammation and cartilag...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Kuiper S,Joosten LA,Bendele AM,Edwards CK 3rd,Arntz OJ,Helsen MM,Van de Loo FA,Van den Berg WB

更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune blistering skin disease characterized by the presence of autoantibodies to normal components of the hemidesmosome (BPAg1 and BPAg2). Histology of skin lesions demonstrate a subepidermal vesicle and a predominantly eosinophilic dermal cellular infiltrate. Interleukin 5 (IL-5) pl...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Engineer L,Bhol K,Kumari S,Razzaque Ahmed A

更新日期：2001-01-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The present study aimed to assess the kinetics of cytokine release and compare the accuracy of serum biomarkers for the diagnosis of macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) associated with Kawasaki disease (KD). Serum neopterin, interleukin (IL)-18, IL-6 and soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor type I (sTNFR-I) and sT...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Jinkawa A,Shimizu M,Nishida K,Kaneko S,Usami M,Sakumura N,Irabu H,Takakuwa M,Inoue N,Mizuta M,Ikawa Y,Fujita S,Yachie A

更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Recently, attenuation of anti-inflammatory and increase of pro-inflammatory mediators was demonstrated in individuals with Down syndrome (DS) in comparison with euploid patients during periodontal disease (PD), suggesting a shift to a more aggressive inflammation in DS. AIM:To determine the influence of DS ...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Tanaka MH,Giro EM,Cavalcante LB,Pires JR,Apponi LH,Valentini SR,Spolidório DM,Capela MV,Rossa C Jr,Scarel-Caminaga RM

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Interleukin-21 (IL-21) is an important immune cytokine that was well characterized in human and mammals, but little is known in fish. In present study, an IL-21 homologue was cloned and well characterized from Tetraodon nigroviridis. The full-length Tetraodon IL-21 cDNA was 849bp in size, containing an open reading fr...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Wang HJ,Xiang LX,Shao JZ,Jia S

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between chemokines and the inflammation in Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF). Forty-nine patients with FMF (41 in remission and 8 in acute attack period) and 20 healthy controls were included in the study. Serum levels of macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha ...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Dizdar O,Kalyoncu U,Karadag O,Akdogan A,Kiraz S,Ertenli I,Barista I,Calguneri M

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The genetic producibilities of T helper type 1 (Th1) and T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokines are associated with the prognosis of autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs). Interleukin (IL)-10 is considered to be a Th2 cytokine that can exhibit an anti-inflammatory role. Furthermore, IL-10 may be associated with the development...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Inoue N,Watanabe M,Wada M,Morita M,Hidaka Y,Iwatani Y

更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have examined the effects of various antioxidants and inhibitors of redox-sensitive signal transduction pathways on induction of interleukin 8 (IL-8) gene by NO in monocytic U937 cells. We have observed that nitrosoglutathione or another NO-generating compound spermine NONOate caused significant accumulation of IL-...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Turpaev K,Litvinov D,Justesen J

更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bone tissue is continually being remodelled according to physiological circumstances. Two main cell populations (osteoblasts and osteoclasts) are involved in this process, and cellular activities (including cell differentiation) are modulated by hormones, cytokines and growth factors. Within the last 20 years, many fa...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Heymann D,Rousselle AV

更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Sarcoidosis is an idiopathic granulomatous disorder with heterogeneous clinical manifestations and variable prognosis. Monitoring disease activity is important to identify patients requiring treatment. Several cytokines have previously been shown to be elevated in the serum of patients with sarcoidosis and ma...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Geyer AI,Kraus T,Roberts M,Wisnivesky J,Eber CD,Hiensch R,Moran TM

更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:FK506 suppresses activation of T cells; however, it down-regulates E-selectin, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression in inflamed tissues. In this study, we investigated the effect of FK506 on expression of those adhesion molecules on human vascular endothelial cells (HMVEC). Culture supernatant from peripheral blood mononuclea...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Sasakawa T,Sasakawa Y,Masunaga T,Fujitsu T,Hirayama Y,Ohkubo Y,Mutoh S

更新日期：2005-01-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Osteoclasts, the main protagonists involved in bone resorption mechanisms, are generally considered to be of haematopoietic origin, although the exact nature of the primary osteoclastic stem cells is still unknown. In vitro cellular models developed to study the different events of osteoclastic differentiation have re...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Heymann D,Guicheux J,Gouin F,Passuti N,Daculsi G

更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pro-inflammatory cytokines are important mediators in tissue responses to a wide range of endogenous (e.g. autoantigens) and exogenous (e.g. infections, wounds, biomaterials) stimuli. The complex interactions taking place between different cell types in such processes are difficult to examine in vivo. Here we studied ...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Gretzer C,Thomsen P,Jansson S,Nilsson M

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00