Abstract：
:Adult Aplysia exhibit both short-term and long-term memory for sensitization in the gill and siphon withdrawal reflex. Previous developmental studies showed that short-term memory for sensitization emerges late in juvenile development (stage 12; Rankin and Carew, 1988; Wright et al., 1991). In the present study, we examined the development of long-term memory for sensitization. Long-term sensitization of the siphon withdrawal reflex was quantified as an increase in mean response duration observed 20-24 h after receiving a training regime of one or more 90-min sessions of electrical shock to the tail. In the first three experiments we assessed the capacity for long-term sensitization in adults and in juveniles of stages late 12 and early 12. Animals in all three age classes showed long-term sensitization. In a fourth experiment we simultaneously trained and tested both early stage 12 animals and stage 11 animals with identical stimulus parameters that were scaled down to a level appropriate to the smaller stage 11 animals. Under these conditions, the early stage 12 animals demonstrated long-term sensitization, while the stage 11 animals still showed no evidence of long-term sensitization. These results indicate that long-term sensitization first emerges at early stage 12, which is the same developmental stage in which short-term sensitization first emerges. Although these behavioral data do not elucidate underlying mechanisms, the fact that short-term and long-term memory emerge according to the same developmental timetable is consistent with the possibility that these two forms of memory may share at least some common mechanistic features.
journal_name
Neurobiol Learn Memjournal_title
Neurobiology of learning and memoryauthors
Wright WG,McCance EF,Carew TJdoi
10.1006/nlme.1996.0031subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-05-01 00:00:00pages
261-8issue
3eissn
1074-7427issn
1095-9564pii
S1074-7427(96)90031-3journal_volume
65pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Regional differences in large-scale connectivity have been proposed to underlie functional specialization along the anterior-posterior axis of the medial temporal lobe (MTL), including the hippocampus (HC) and the parahippocampal gyrus (PHG). However, it is unknown whether functional connectivity (FC) can be used reli...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2016.01.005
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Expression of immediate-early genes, like Egr-1, has been shown to be induced by activity-dependent synaptic plasticity or behavioral training and is widely thought to play an important role in long-term memory (LTM) formation. However, little is known about the role of Egr-1 in the maintenance of memory storage. Here...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2012.08.001
更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Taste aversion learning is induced through two different behavioral procedures: a short-term or concurrent (two-daily flavors) and a long-term or sequential (one-daily flavor) procedure. For the concurrent group of animals, two gustatory/olfactory stimuli are presented separately but at the same time on a daily basis....
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/nlme.2000.3990
更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a previous study, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats with unilateral, electrolytic entorhinal cortex lesions showed significant deficits in acquisition of a water maze task that measured working memory. The 10 days of testing used two trials per day with an intertrial interval of 1 h, and the rats with entorhinal damag...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/nlme.1998.3832
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adenosine, a purine ribonucleoside, exhibits neuromodulatory and neuroprotective effects in the brain and is involved in memory formation and cognitive function. Adenosine signaling is mediated by adenosine receptors (A1, A2A, A2B, and A3); in turn, nucleotide and nucleoside-metabolizing enzymes and adenosine transpor...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2014.11.016
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Female reproductive experience has been shown to alter the hormonal, neurobiological and behavioural features of fear extinction, which is the laboratory basis of exposure therapy. This raises uncertainties as to whether pharmacological agents that enhance fear extinction in reproductively inexperienced females are eq...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2019.107088
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rodents exhibit neophobia for novel tastes, demonstrated by an initial reluctance to drink novel-tasting, potentially-aversive solutions. Taste neophobia attenuates across days if the solution is not aversive, demonstrated by increased consumption as the solution becomes familiar. This attenuation of taste neophobia i...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2018.12.009
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Most models of human and animal learning assume that learning is proportional to the discrepancy between a delivered outcome and the outcome predicted by all cues present during that trial (i.e., total error across a stimulus compound). This total error reduction (TER) view has been implemented in connectionist and ar...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2013.07.018
更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Variance in spatial abilities are thought to be determined by in utero levels of testosterone and oestrogen, measurable in adults by the length ratio of the 2nd and 4th digit (2D:4D). We confirmed the relationship between 2D:4D and spatial performance using rats in two different tasks (paired-associate task and waterm...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2018.04.012
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An increasing number of studies using human subjects substantiate the use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) as a noninvasive approach to treat various neurological symptoms. tDCS has been tested in conditions from motor to cognition dysfunctions. Performance enhancement of healthy subjects using tDCS h...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2019.107126
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Inhibitors of protein and mRNA syntheses inhibit long-term memory (LTM), but we lack information about the time windows during which those inhibitors are effective. Anisomycin (a protein synthesis translation inhibitor) was given to Hermissenda crassicornis which had received sufficient Pavlovian conditioning to produ...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1074-7427(02)00020-5
更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Activity in the rodent prelimbic (PL) cortex contributes to consolidation, retrieval and reconsolidation of learned fear. The PL cortex is considered homologous to the primate dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC). In patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the dACC is often reported to be hyperactive a...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2016.12.002
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human studies of sleep and cognition have established thatdifferent sleep stages contribute to distinct aspects of cognitive and emotional processing. However, since the majority of these findings are based on single-night studies, it is difficult to determine whether such effects arise due to individual, between-subj...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2016.07.032
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder exhibiting progressive loss of memory and cognitive functions, is characterized by the presence of neuritic plaques composed of neurofibrillary tangles and β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide. Drug delivery to the brain still remains highly challenging for the treatment of AD....
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2013.08.001
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We developed a single-trial cue-location memory task in which rats experienced an auditory cue while exploring an environment. They then recalled and avoided the sound origination point after the cue was paired with shock in a separate context. Subjects with medial prefrontal cortical (mPFC) lesions made no such avoid...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2009.09.003
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study investigated whether the selective nociceptin opioid peptide (NOP) receptor agonist, Ro64-6198, impairs acquisition of fear conditioning through glutamatergic mechanisms. Systemic administration of Ro64-6198 (0.3 and 1mg/kg) or the non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, MK-801 (0.03 and 0.1mg/kg) ...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2008.12.001
更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Testosterone (T) may enhance cognitive performance. However, its mechanisms are not well understood. First, we hypothesized that if T's effects are mediated in part through actions of its 5alpha-reduced metabolites, dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and/or 3alpha-androstanediol (3alpha-diol) in the hippocampus, then T, DHT, a...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2006.07.001
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Early life adverse events can lead to structural and functional impairments in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Here, we investigated whether maternal deprivation (MD) alters PFC-dependent executive functions, neurons and astrocytes number and synaptic plasticity in adult male Long-Evans rats. The deprivation protocol con...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2012.08.004
更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis is capable of learning taste aversion by pairing presentations of a sucrose solution and an electric shock and consolidating it into long-term memory (LTM), which is referred to as conditioned taste aversion (CTA). We asked here if the neurotransmitter octopamine is involved in CTA. We...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2017.04.010
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The recall of a previously formed fear memory triggers a process through which synapses in the amygdala become "destabilized". This labile state at retrieval may be critical for the plasticity required to modify, update, or disrupt long-term memories. One component of this process involves the rapid internalization of...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2019.107089
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The activation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) after a learning experience is a common feature in the formation of several associative memories. We recently demonstrated that the increase in the hippocampal phosphorylated CREB (pCREB) levels 1 h after a short exploration of an open field (OF) was assoc...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2005.12.002
更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cognitive impairments are amongst the most debilitating deficits of schizophrenia and the best predictor of functional outcome. Schizophrenia is hypothesized to have a neurodevelopmental origin, making animal models of neurodevelopmental insult important for testing predictions that early insults will impair cognitive...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2016.07.034
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study was undertaken to verify the effects of chronic stress and lithium treatments on the hippocampal Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity of rats, as well as to investigate the effects of stress interruption and post-stress lithium treatment on this enzyme activity and on spatial memory. Two experiments were carried out; i...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2005.05.002
更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The two main objectives of this study were (1) to replicate previous findings that 6 days of binge-like exposure to alcohol during the neonatal brain growth spurt induces significant place learning deficits in juvenile rats and (2) to determine whether more limited (3-day) binge-like exposure during the neonatal perio...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/nlme.1995.0009
更新日期：1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Physical exercise can improve cognitive functions and promote learning and memory, especially when performed in close temporal proximity to the encoding of information. This benefit may occur due to circulating stress hormones released in response to acute exercise. When administered after encoding, acute stress typic...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2020.107252
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Epidemiological studies demonstrated association between head injury (HI) and the subsequent development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Certain hallmarks of AD, e.g. amyloid-β (Aβ) containing deposits, may be found in patients following traumatic BI (TBI). Recent studies uncover the cellular prion protein, PrP(C), as a ...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2013.10.019
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the wild, house mice live in social groups, whereas in the laboratory male mice are often singly housed. Environmental enrichment such as that provided by social housing has been argued to improve the cognitive performance of laboratory animals in experimental tests. The aim of the present study was to test the cos...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2005.08.004
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cholinergic system has consistently been implicated in Pavlovian fear conditioning. Considerable work has been done to localize specific nicotinic receptor subtypes in the hippocampus and determine their functional importance; however, the specific function of many of these subtypes has yet to be determined. An al...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2006.11.001
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Research on how steroid hormones mediate mnemonic processes have focused on effects of 17beta-estradiol (E(2)); yet, progesterone (P(4)) co-varies with E(2) across endogenous hormonal milieu, and itself may influence cognitive processes. We investigated the hypothesis that acute P(4) treatment enhances cognitive perfo...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2008.03.005
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although tissue type plasminogen activator (tPA) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) have been extensively described to influence brain outcomes in a number of disorders, their roles during physiological aging are poorly investigated. In the present study, we investigated whether maintenance of mice in differ...
journal_title：Neurobiology of learning and memory
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nlm.2011.03.004
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
