Abstract:
:The hippocampus is critical to declarative memory in humans. This kind of memory involves associations among items or events that can be accessed flexibly to guide memory expression in various and even new situations. In animals, there has been controversy about whether the hippocampus is specialized for spatial memory or whether it mediates a general memory function, as it does in humans. To address this issue we trained normal rats and rats with hippocampal damage on non-spatial stimulus-stimulus associations, then probed the nature of their memory representations. We report here that normal rats demonstrated two forms of flexible memory expression, transitivity, the ability to judge inferentially across stimulus pairs that share a common element, and symmetry, the ability to associate paired elements presented in the reverse of training order. Rats with neurotoxic damage limited to the hippocampus demonstrated neither form of flexible expression, indicating that non-spatial declarative processing depends specifically on the hippocampus in animals as it does in humans.
journal_name
Naturejournal_title
Natureauthors
Bunsey M,Eichenbaum Hdoi
10.1038/379255a0subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-01-18 00:00:00pages
255-7issue
6562eissn
0028-0836issn
1476-4687journal_volume
379pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NATURE文献大全abstract::Groundwater drawn daily from shallow alluvial sands by millions of wells over large areas of south and southeast Asia exposes an estimated population of over a hundred million people to toxic levels of arsenic. Holocene aquifers are the source of widespread arsenic poisoning across the region. In contrast, Pleistocene...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature12444
更新日期:2013-09-12 00:00:00
abstract::Mutations in the Schizosaccharomyces pombe cdc8 gene impair cytokinesis. Here we clone cdc8+ and find that it encodes a novel tropomyosin. Gene disruption results in lethal arrest of the cell cycle, but spore germination, cell growth, DNA replication and mitosis are all unaffected. Haploid cdc8 gene disruptants are re...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/360084a0
更新日期:1992-11-05 00:00:00
abstract::Supersolids are exotic materials combining the frictionless flow of a superfluid with the crystal-like periodic density modulation of a solid. The supersolid phase of matter was predicted 50 years ago1-3 for solid helium4-8. Ultracold quantum gases have recently been made to exhibit periodic order typical of a crystal...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1568-6
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Countless millions of people have died from tuberculosis, a chronic infectious disease caused by the tubercle bacillus. The complete genome sequence of the best-characterized strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, H37Rv, has been determined and analysed in order to improve our understanding of the biology of this slow-...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/31159
更新日期:1998-06-11 00:00:00
abstract::Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations seem to have been several times modern levels during much of the Palaeozoic era (543-248 million years ago), but decreased during the Carboniferous period to concentrations similar to that of today. Given that carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, it has been proposed that surfa...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature06085
更新日期:2007-09-13 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies have shown that short chemically synthesized peptides very often induce antibodies which react with the cognate sequence in the intact folded protein. Since such antibodies react with known regions of proteins, they are of predetermined specificity and offer a precision not previously possible with immu...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/306697a0
更新日期:1983-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::Touch and mechanical pain are first detected at our largest sensory surface, the skin. The cell bodies of sensory neurons that detect such stimuli are located in the dorsal root ganglia, and subtypes of these neurons are specialized to detect specific modalities of mechanical stimuli. Molecules have been identified th...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature05394
更新日期:2007-01-11 00:00:00
abstract::Photoreceptors of the vertebrate retina hyperpolarize in response to light. The hyperpolarization elicited by a brief flash is approximately ten times slower in rods than in cones of the same retina. We have examined the amplification and temporal properties of synaptic transfer of rod and cone signals to a common pos...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/296862a0
更新日期:1982-04-29 00:00:00
abstract::Our current understanding of immunology was largely defined in laboratory mice, partly because they are inbred and genetically homogeneous, can be genetically manipulated, allow kinetic tissue analyses to be carried out from the onset of disease, and permit the use of tractable disease models. Comparably reductionist ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature17655
更新日期:2016-04-28 00:00:00
abstract::Spontaneous mutations are the source of genetic variation required for evolutionary change, and are therefore important for many aspects of evolutionary biology. For example, the divergence between taxa at neutrally evolving sites in the genome is proportional to the per nucleotide mutation rate, u (ref. 1), and this ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature05388
更新日期:2007-01-04 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding ice sheet behaviour in the geological past is essential for evaluating the role of the cryosphere in the climate system and for projecting rates and magnitudes of sea level rise in future warming scenarios1-4. Although both geological data5-7 and ice sheet models3,8 indicate that marine-based sectors of ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0501-8
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The tumour necrosis factor (TNF) ligand TALL-1 and its cognate receptors, BCMA, TACI and BAFF-R, were recently identified as members of the TNF superfamily, which are essential factors contributing to B-cell maturation. The functional, soluble fragment of TALL-1 (sTALL-1) forms a virus-like assembly for its proper fun...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature01543
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) is responsible for transcribing all messenger RNAs in eukaryotic cells during a highly regulated process that is conserved from yeast to human, and that serves as a central control point for cellular function. Here we investigate the transcription dynamics of single RNAP II molecules from S...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature05701
更新日期:2007-04-12 00:00:00
abstract::The 18-base-pair sequence element AGGTCGACCAGTACTCCG (the Sal box) signals termination of mouse ribosomal gene transcription. This sequence is recognized by a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein, TTF I, which mediates the termination of transcription by RNA polymerase I (pol I). Subsequently, the ends of the primary...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/344559a0
更新日期:1990-04-05 00:00:00
abstract::Infertility resulting from a severe defect in sperm production affects 2% of men worldwide. Of these men with azoospermia, the absence of sperm in semen, one in eight carry de novo deletions for a specific region of the Y chromosome. A candidate gene for the Y-chromosome azoospermia factor (AZF) has been identified an...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/381783a0
更新日期:1996-06-27 00:00:00
abstract::Ecological theory suggests that large-scale patterns such as community stability can be influenced by changes in interspecific interactions that arise from the behavioural and/or physiological responses of individual species varying over time. Although this theory has experimental support, evidence from natural ecosys...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature25504
更新日期:2018-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::CRISPR-Cas genome-editing nucleases hold substantial promise for developing human therapeutic applications1-6 but identifying unwanted off-target mutations is important for clinical translation7. A well-validated method that can reliably identify off-targets in vivo has not been described to date, which means it is cu...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0500-9
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Trypanosomes of the species Trypanosoma brucei reproduce primarily by binary fission, but the frequency of enzyme electrophoretic variants in natural populations of T. brucei has provided indirect evidence for the existence of a sexual cycle. These studies, coupled with studies of restriction fragment length polymorph...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/322173a0
更新日期:1986-07-10 00:00:00
abstract::RNA interference is an evolutionarily conserved surveillance mechanism that responds to double-stranded RNA by sequence-specific silencing of homologous genes. Here we show that transgene expression can be suppressed in adult mice by synthetic small interfering RNAs and by small-hairpin RNAs transcribed in vivo from D...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/418038a
更新日期:2002-07-04 00:00:00
abstract::The recruitment model for gene activation stipulates that an activator works by bringing the transcriptional machinery to the DNA. Recent experiments in bacteria and yeast indicate that many genes can be activated by this mechanism. These findings have implications for our understanding of the nature of activating reg...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/386569a0
更新日期:1997-04-10 00:00:00
abstract::Proteins are inherently plastic molecules, whose function often critically depends on excursions between different molecular conformations (conformers). However, a rigorous understanding of the relation between a protein's structure, dynamics and function remains elusive. This is because many of the conformers on its ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature10349
更新日期:2011-08-21 00:00:00
abstract::Macroscopic mechanical objects and electromagnetic degrees of freedom can couple to each other through radiation pressure. Optomechanical systems in which this coupling is sufficiently strong are predicted to show quantum effects and are a topic of considerable interest. Devices in this regime would offer new types of...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature06715
更新日期:2008-03-06 00:00:00
abstract::The 26S proteasome is the chief site of regulatory protein turnover in eukaryotic cells. It comprises one 20S catalytic complex (composed of four stacked rings of seven members) and two axially positioned 19S regulatory complexes (each containing about 18 subunits) that control substrate access to the catalytic chambe...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/416763a
更新日期:2002-04-18 00:00:00
abstract::Microtubule-based ATPases of the kinesin superfamily provide the motile force for many animated features of living cells. Kinesin motors differ in their direction of movement along microtubules. Kinesin and ncd, a kinesin-related motor involved in formation and maintenance of mitotic and meiotic spindles, move in oppo...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/380555a0
更新日期:1996-04-11 00:00:00
abstract::Nuclear import of the NF-AT transcription factors during T-cell activation requires the calcium-activated phosphatase calcineurin, which unmasks nuclear-location signals on NF-AT. We show here that the nuclear import of NF-ATs is not sufficient to activate NF-AT target genes, as NF-ATs are subject to a futile cycling ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/18473
更新日期:1999-03-18 00:00:00
abstract::Corticosteroids as well as non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit the prostaglandin-mediated vasodilatation accompanying lipolysis in subcutaneous fat. Whereas the non-steroids produce their effect by inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, however, corticosteroids inhibit their release. This mechanism may be the ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/254308a0
更新日期:1975-03-27 00:00:00
abstract::Overexploitation of renewable resources today has a high cost on the welfare of future generations. Unlike in other public goods games, however, future generations cannot reciprocate actions made today. What mechanisms can maintain cooperation with the future? To answer this question, we devise a new experimental para...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature13530
更新日期:2014-07-10 00:00:00
abstract:: ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 历史文章,新闻
doi:10.1038/d41586-018-07518-3
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::MyoD1 and myogenin are muscle-specific proteins which can convert non-myogenic cells in culture to differentiated muscle fibres, implicating them in myogenic determination. The pattern of expression of MyoD1 and myogenin during the early stages of muscle formation in the mouse embryo in vivo and in limb-bud explants c...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/341303a0
更新日期:1989-09-28 00:00:00
abstract::Sex in birds is chromosomally based, as in mammals, but the sex chromosomes are different and the mechanism of avian sex determination has been a long-standing mystery. In the chicken and all other birds, the homogametic sex is male (ZZ) and the heterogametic sex is female (ZW). Two hypotheses have been proposed for t...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature08298
更新日期:2009-09-10 00:00:00