Deciphering the biology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from the complete genome sequence.

abstract：:Cell adhesions to the extracellular matrix (ECM) are necessary for morphogenesis, immunity and wound healing. Focal adhesions are multifunctional organelles that mediate cell-ECM adhesion, force transmission, cytoskeletal regulation and signalling. Focal adhesions consist of a complex network of trans-plasma-membrane ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kanchanawong P,Shtengel G,Pasapera AM,Ramko EB,Davidson MW,Hess HF,Waterman CM

更新日期：2010-11-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Polymeric matrices can be used to grow new tissues and organs, and the delivery of growth factors from these matrices is one method to regenerate tissues. A problem with engineering tissues that exist in a mechanically dynamic environment, such as bone, muscle and blood vessels, is that most drug delivery systems have...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Lee KY,Peters MC,Anderson KW,Mooney DJ

更新日期：2000-12-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The development of catalyst-controlled stereoselective olefin metathesis processes has been a pivotal recent advance in chemistry. The incorporation of appropriate ligands within complexes based on molybdenum, tungsten and ruthenium has led to reactivity and selectivity levels that were previously inaccessible. Here w...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Koh MJ,Nguyen TT,Lam JK,Torker S,Hyvl J,Schrock RR,Hoveyda AH

更新日期：2017-02-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Languages, like genes, provide vital clues about human history. The origin of the Indo-European language family is "the most intensively studied, yet still most recalcitrant, problem of historical linguistics". Numerous genetic studies of Indo-European origins have also produced inconclusive results. Here we analyse l...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Gray RD,Atkinson QD

更新日期：2003-11-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell-identity switches, in which terminally differentiated cells are converted into different cell types when stressed, represent a widespread regenerative strategy in animals, yet they are poorly documented in mammals. In mice, some glucagon-producing pancreatic α-cells and somatostatin-producing δ-cells become insul...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Furuyama K,Chera S,van Gurp L,Oropeza D,Ghila L,Damond N,Vethe H,Paulo JA,Joosten AM,Berney T,Bosco D,Dorrell C,Grompe M,Ræder H,Roep BO,Thorel F,Herrera PL

更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Retinoic acid may be the natural morphogen used to generate digit pattern in the chick limb bud. It has been proposed that retinoic acid acts by binding to a cellular retinoic acid-binding protein (CRABP) and then entering the nucleus to alter the pattern of gene activity. High-affinity receptors that bind both retino...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Maden M,Ong DE,Summerbell D,Chytil F

更新日期：1988-10-20 00:00:00

abstract：:A characteristic feature of induced pinocytosis in Amoeba proteus is the formation of broad channels by invagination of the cell membrane. This process, which requires Ca2+, occurs in response to depolarising cations. High Ca2+ levels reduce pinocytosis induced by cations such as Na+ and Tris+, whereas pinocytosis ind...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Josefsson JO,Johansson P

更新日期：1979-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The RAD3 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is required for excision repair of ultraviolet-damaged DNA and is essential for cell viability. The RAD3-encoded protein shares a high degree of homology with the human ERCC2(XPD) gene product. Mutations in XPD, besides causing the cancer-prone syndrome xeroderma pigmentosum, ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Guzder SN,Qiu H,Sommers CH,Sung P,Prakash L,Prakash S

更新日期：1994-01-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Although phytoalexins have long been inferred to be important in the defence of plants against fungal infection, there are few reports showing that they provide resistance to infection. Several plants, including grapevine, synthesize the stilbene-type phytoalexin resveratrol when attacked by pathogens. Stilbenes with ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hain R,Reif HJ,Krause E,Langebartels R,Kindl H,Vornam B,Wiese W,Schmelzer E,Schreier PH,Stöcker RH

更新日期：1993-01-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Knowledge of the contribution that individual countries have made to global radiative forcing is important to the implementation of the agreement on "common but differentiated responsibilities" reached by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Over the past three decades, China has experienced rapi...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Li B,Gasser T,Ciais P,Piao S,Tao S,Balkanski Y,Hauglustaine D,Boisier JP,Chen Z,Huang M,Li LZ,Li Y,Liu H,Liu J,Peng S,Shen Z,Sun Z,Wang R,Wang T,Yin G,Yin Y,Zeng H,Zeng Z,Zhou F

更新日期：2016-03-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Global efforts to mitigate climate change are guided by projections of future temperatures. But the eventual equilibrium global mean temperature associated with a given stabilization level of atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations remains uncertain, complicating the setting of stabilization targets to avoid potenti...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Allen MR,Frame DJ,Huntingford C,Jones CD,Lowe JA,Meinshausen M,Meinshausen N

更新日期：2009-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability to excise (repair) UV-induced pyrimidine dimers in Escherichia coli is not related to its ability to remove N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)-induced O6-methylguanine (O6-MeG) from DNA. It was therefore surprising that certain xeroderma pigmentosum cell lines, deficient in dimer excision, were al...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Sklar R,Strauss B

更新日期：1981-01-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Somatic sexual differentiation in Drosophila melanogaster is accomplished by a hierarchy of genes of which one, Sex-lethal (Sxl), is required for the functional female-specific splicing of the transcripts of the immediately downstream regulatory gene, transformer (tra). The first exon of the tra primary transcript is ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Inoue K,Hoshijima K,Sakamoto H,Shimura Y

更新日期：1990-03-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Cancer genomics has revealed many genes and core molecular processes that contribute to human malignancies, but the genetic and molecular bases of many rare cancers remains unclear. Genetic predisposition accounts for 5 to 10% of cancer diagnoses in children1,2, and genetic events that cooperate with known somatic dri...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Waszak SM,Robinson GW,Gudenas BL,Smith KS,Forget A,Kojic M,Garcia-Lopez J,Hadley J,Hamilton KV,Indersie E,Buchhalter I,Kerssemakers J,Jäger N,Sharma T,Rausch T,Kool M,Sturm D,Jones DTW,Vasilyeva A,Tatevossian RG,N

更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The use of chemotherapy to suppress replication of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has transformed the face of AIDS in the developed world. Pronounced reductions in illness and death have been achieved and healthcare utilization has diminished. HIV therapy has also provided many new insights into the pathogenes...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Richman DD

更新日期：2001-04-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Strong interactions between electrons in a solid material can lead to surprising properties. A prime example is the Mott insulator, in which suppression of conductivity occurs as a result of interactions rather than a filled Bloch band. Proximity to the Mott insulating phase in fermionic systems is the origin of many ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Jördens R,Strohmaier N,Günter K,Moritz H,Esslinger T

更新日期：2008-09-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Multicomponent reactions are relied on in both academic and industrial synthetic organic chemistry owing to their step- and atom-economy advantages over traditional synthetic sequences1. Recently, bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) motifs have become valuable as pharmaceutical bioisosteres of benzene rings, and in particular...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Zhang X,Smith RT,Le C,McCarver SJ,Shireman BT,Carruthers NI,MacMillan DWC

更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The skeletal muscles of the limbs develop from myogenic progenitors that originate in the paraxial mesoderm and migrate into the limb-bud mesenchyme. Among the genes known to be important for muscle development in mammalian embryos are those encoding the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs;...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Mankoo BS,Collins NS,Ashby P,Grigorieva E,Pevny LH,Candia A,Wright CV,Rigby PW,Pachnis V

更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The visual system analyses information by decomposing complex objects into simple components (visual features) that are widely distributed across the cortex. When several objects are present simultaneously in the visual field, a mechanism is required to group (bind) together visual features that belong to each object ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Usher M,Donnelly N

更新日期：1998-07-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Glutamate transporters are integral membrane proteins that catalyse neurotransmitter uptake from the synaptic cleft into the cytoplasm of glial cells and neurons. Their mechanism of action involves transitions between extracellular (outward)-facing and intracellular (inward)-facing conformations, whereby substrate bin...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Akyuz N,Altman RB,Blanchard SC,Boudker O

更新日期：2013-10-03 00:00:00

abstract：:A statute banning nuclear weapons research in Cambridge, Massachusetts, is scheduled for a referendum vote in November 1983. If passed, the act would require the city to fine or imprison violators after the ban takes effect in October 1985, and could have an impact on work done at Harvard University and the Massachus...

journal_title：Nature

authors： David P

更新日期：1983-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Haemophilia B (Christmas disease) is an inherited, recessive, sex-linked, haemorrhagic condition caused by a defect in the intrinsic clotting factor IX. This disease occurs in males at a frequency of approximately 1 in 30,000. Patients differ in the severity of their clinical symptoms, and variation in the clotting ac...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Rees DJ,Rizza CR,Brownlee GG

更新日期：1985-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Apart from the retroviral gag, pol and env the HIV genome contains the F (3' orf) gene which encodes a polypeptide of 206 amino acids which is myristylated at the N-terminal and whose function is unknown. We have expressed the F gene in Escherichia coli and from a recombinant vaccinia virus, VVTGfHIV. The F-protein pr...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Guy B,Kieny MP,Riviere Y,Le Peuch C,Dott K,Girard M,Montagnier L,Lecocq JP

更新日期：1987-11-19 00:00:00

abstract：:During female germline development, oocytes become a highly specialized cell type and form a maternal cytoplasmic store of crucial factors. Oocyte growth is triggered at the transition from primordial to primary follicle and is accompanied by dynamic changes in gene expression1, but the gene regulatory network that co...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hamazaki N,Kyogoku H,Araki H,Miura F,Horikawa C,Hamada N,Shimamoto S,Hikabe O,Nakashima K,Kitajima TS,Ito T,Leitch HG,Hayashi K

更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Haemoglobin is the prototype of an allosteric protein in which cooperative behaviour depends on interaction between unlike subunits. Here we present haematological and biochemical evidence that electrostatic interactions are an important determinant of haemoglobin assembly. Individuals heterozygous for positively char...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Bunn HF,McDonald MJ

更新日期：1983-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The E6 oncoprotein derived from tumour-associated human papillomaviruses (HPVs) binds to and induces the degradation of the cellular tumour-suppressor protein p53. A common polymorphism that occurs in the p53 amino-acid sequence results in the presence of either a proline or an arginine at position 72. The effect of t...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Storey A,Thomas M,Kalita A,Harwood C,Gardiol D,Mantovani F,Breuer J,Leigh IM,Matlashewski G,Banks L

更新日期：1998-05-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (InsP(3)Rs) and ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are tetrameric intracellular Ca(2+) channels. In each of these receptor families, the pore, which is formed by carboxy-terminal transmembrane domains, is regulated by signals that are detected by large cytosolic structures. InsP(3)R gati...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Seo MD,Velamakanni S,Ishiyama N,Stathopulos PB,Rossi AM,Khan SA,Dale P,Li C,Ames JB,Ikura M,Taylor CW

更新日期：2012-01-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Rapidly growing cells produce thousands of new ribosomes each minute, in a tightly regulated process that is essential to cell growth. How the Escherichia coli 16S ribosomal RNA and the 20 proteins that make up the 30S ribosomal subunit can assemble correctly in a few minutes remains a challenging problem, partly beca...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Adilakshmi T,Bellur DL,Woodson SA

更新日期：2008-10-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Glycosaminoglycans such as heparan sulphate and chondroitin sulphate are extracellular sugar chains involved in intercellular signalling. Disruptions of genes encoding enzymes that mediate glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis have severe consequences in Drosophila and mice. Mutations in the Drosophila gene sugarless, which ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Mizuguchi S,Uyama T,Kitagawa H,Nomura KH,Dejima K,Gengyo-Ando K,Mitani S,Sugahara K,Nomura K

更新日期：2003-05-22 00:00:00

abstract：:In order to direct a movement towards a visual stimulus, visual spatial information must be combined with postural information. For example, directing gaze (eye plus head) towards a visible target requires the combination of retinal image location with eye and head position to determine the location of the target rela...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Snyder LH,Grieve KL,Brotchie P,Andersen RA

更新日期：1998-08-27 00:00:00