A 100th birthday wish: uphold academic freedom in dark times.

abstract：:The large degeneracy of states resulting from the geometrical frustration of competing interactions is an essential ingredient of important problems in fields as diverse as magnetism, protein folding and neural networks. As first explained by Pauling, geometrical frustration of proton positions is also responsible for...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Snyder J,Slusky JS,Cava RJ,Schiffer P

更新日期：2001-09-06 00:00:00

abstract：:It is common knowledge that our feelings of alertness or drowsiness vary throughout the day. Indeed, this diurnal variation is so widely accepted that it has been used to validate the drowsy/alert component of activation obtained from mood adjective checklists. There is, however, some evidence from sleep deprivation a...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Folkard S,Hume KI,Minors DS,Waterhouse JM,Watson FL

更新日期：1985-02-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The crystal structure of human H-Ras complexed with the Ras guanine-nucleotide-exchange-factor region of the Son of sevenless (Sos) protein has been determined at 2.8 A resolution. The normally tight interaction of nucleotides with Ras is disrupted by Sos in two ways. First, the insertion into Ras of an alpha-helix fr...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Boriack-Sjodin PA,Margarit SM,Bar-Sagi D,Kuriyan J

更新日期：1998-07-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Therizinosauroids are an enigmatic group of dinosaurs known mostly from the Cretaceous period of Asia, whose derived members are characterized by elongate necks, laterally expanded pelves, small, leaf-shaped teeth, edentulous rostra and mandibular symphyses that probably bore keratinized beaks. Although more than a do...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kirkland JI,Zanno LE,Sampson SD,Clark JM,DeBlieux DD

更新日期：2005-05-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Many fermentative bacteria obtain energy for growth by reactions in which the change in free energy (DeltaG') is less than that needed to synthesize ATP. These bacteria couple substrate metabolism directly to ATP synthesis, however, by classical phosphoryl transfer reactions. An explanation for the energy economy of t...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Jackson BE,McInerney MJ

更新日期：2002-01-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Sleep is one of the few major whole-organ phenomena for which no function and no underlying mechanism have been conclusively demonstrated. Sleep could result from global changes in the brain during wakefulness or it could be regulated by specific loci that recruit the rest of the brain into the electrical and metaboli...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Joiner WJ,Crocker A,White BH,Sehgal A

更新日期：2006-06-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Organelles display characteristic morphologies that are intimately tied to their cellular function, but how organelles are shaped is poorly understood. The endoplasmic reticulum is particularly intriguing, as it comprises morphologically distinct domains, including a dynamic network of interconnected membrane tubules....

journal_title：Nature

authors： Powers RE,Wang S,Liu TY,Rapoport TA

更新日期：2017-03-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Alzheimer's disease is the world's most common dementing illness. Deposition of amyloid-β peptide drives cerebral neuroinflammation by activating microglia. Indeed, amyloid-β activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in microglia is fundamental for interleukin-1β maturation and subsequent inflammatory events. However, it r...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Heneka MT,Kummer MP,Stutz A,Delekate A,Schwartz S,Vieira-Saecker A,Griep A,Axt D,Remus A,Tzeng TC,Gelpi E,Halle A,Korte M,Latz E,Golenbock DT

更新日期：2013-01-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Although stars form from clouds of gas and dust, there are insignificant amounts of gas around ordinary (Sun-like) stars. This suggests that hydrogen and helium, the primary constituents of planets such as Jupiter and Saturn, are not easily retained in orbit as a star matures. The gas-giant planets in the Solar System...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Zuckerman B,Forveille T,Kastner JH

更新日期：1995-02-09 00:00:00

abstract：:DNA mismatch repair is critical for increasing replication fidelity in organisms ranging from bacteria to humans. MutS protein, a member of the ABC ATPase superfamily, recognizes mispaired and unpaired bases in duplex DNA and initiates mismatch repair. Mutations in human MutS genes cause a predisposition to hereditary...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Obmolova G,Ban C,Hsieh P,Yang W

更新日期：2000-10-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Asteroids are primitive Solar System bodies that evolve both collisionally and through disruptions arising from rapid rotation. These processes can lead to the formation of binary asteroids and to the release of dust, both directly and, in some cases, through uncovering frozen volatiles. In a subset of the asteroids c...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Agarwal J,Jewitt D,Mutchler M,Weaver H,Larson S

更新日期：2017-09-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Spacecraft observations show that the presence of lightning activity is not confined to the terrestrial atmosphere, but is also found in the atmospheres of Venus, Jupiter and Saturn. Lightning activity may also occur in Titan's thick atmosphere. Calculations show that lightning produces a significant fraction of the...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Borucki WJ,McKay CP

更新日期：1987-08-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Temperature-sensitive paralysis is the most striking defect of adult Drosophila carrying the shibire mutation. This is believed to be due to a reversible block of endocytosis, which prevents membrane cycling and thus depletes synaptic vesicles. The shibire mutation also affects many tissues outside the nervous system....

journal_title：Nature

authors： van der Bliek AM,Meyerowitz EM

更新日期：1991-05-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Germinal centres are specialized structures wherein B lymphocytes undergo clonal expansion, class switch recombination, antibody gene diversification and affinity maturation. Three to four antigen-specific B cells colonize a follicle to establish a germinal centre and become rapidly dividing germinal-centre centroblas...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Schwickert TA,Lindquist RL,Shakhar G,Livshits G,Skokos D,Kosco-Vilbois MH,Dustin ML,Nussenzweig MC

更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The angle between the spin of a star and the orbital planes of its planets traces the history of the planetary system. Exoplanets orbiting close to cool stars are expected to be on circular, aligned orbits because of strong tidal interactions with the stellar convective envelope. Spin-orbit alignment can be measured w...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Bourrier V,Lovis C,Beust H,Ehrenreich D,Henry GW,Astudillo-Defru N,Allart R,Bonfils X,Ségransan D,Delfosse X,Cegla HM,Wyttenbach A,Heng K,Lavie B,Pepe F

更新日期：2018-01-25 00:00:00

abstract：:There are major impediments to finding improved DEET alternatives because the receptors causing olfactory repellency are unknown, and new chemicals require exorbitant costs to determine safety for human use. Here we identify DEET-sensitive neurons in a pit-like structure in the Drosophila melanogaster antenna called t...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kain P,Boyle SM,Tharadra SK,Guda T,Pham C,Dahanukar A,Ray A

更新日期：2013-10-24 00:00:00

abstract：: ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Jia H

更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) is conserved in all eukaryotes and introduces the first double bond into saturated fatty acyl-CoAs. Because the monounsaturated products of SCD are key precursors of membrane phospholipids, cholesterol esters and triglycerides, SCD is pivotal in fatty acid metabolism. Humans have two SCD ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Bai Y,McCoy JG,Levin EJ,Sobrado P,Rajashankar KR,Fox BG,Zhou M

更新日期：2015-08-13 00:00:00

abstract：: ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Schiermeier Q

更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Direct dating of ductile shear zones and calculation of uplift/exhumation rates can be done using various radiometric dating techniques. But radiometric dating of shallow crustal faulting, which occurs in the crust's brittle regime, has remained difficult because the low temperatures typical of shallow crusted faults ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： van der Pluijm BA,Hall CM,Vrolijk PJ,Pevear DR,Covey MC

更新日期：2001-07-12 00:00:00

abstract：:The promoters of eukaryotic genes are being increasingly defined through the identification of consensus DNA sequences, by mutational analysis, and by in vitro and in vivo studies of transcription. Whereas the TATA sequence (Goldberg-Hogness box) has been largely conserved among protein encoding genes (transcribed by ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Russell PR

更新日期：1983-01-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Although male parental care is rare among mammals, adult males of many cercopithecine primate species provide care for infants and juveniles. This care is often in the form of grooming, carrying, support in agonistic interactions, and protection against infanticide. For these behaviours to be interpreted as true paren...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Buchan JC,Alberts SC,Silk JB,Altmann J

更新日期：2003-09-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The female germ line undergoes a unique sequence of differentiation processes that confers totipotency to the egg. The reconstitution of these events in vitro using pluripotent stem cells is a key achievement in reproductive biology and regenerative medicine. Here we report successful reconstitution in vitro of the en...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hikabe O,Hamazaki N,Nagamatsu G,Obata Y,Hirao Y,Hamada N,Shimamoto S,Imamura T,Nakashima K,Saitou M,Hayashi K

更新日期：2016-11-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The Wnt family of secreted glycoproteins mediate cell cell interactions during cell growth and differentiation in both embryos and adults. Canonical Wnt signalling by way of the beta-catenin pathway is transduced by two receptor families. Frizzled proteins and lipoprotein-receptor-related proteins 5 and 6 (LRP5/6) bin...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Mao B,Wu W,Davidson G,Marhold J,Li M,Mechler BM,Delius H,Hoppe D,Stannek P,Walter C,Glinka A,Niehrs C

更新日期：2002-06-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The current picture of galaxy evolution advocates co-evolution of galaxies and their nuclear massive black holes, through accretion and galactic merging. Pairs of quasars, each with a massive black hole at the centre of its galaxy, have separations of 6,000 to 300,000 light years (refs 2 and 3; 1 parsec = 3.26 light y...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Fabbiano G,Wang J,Elvis M,Risaliti G

更新日期：2011-08-31 00:00:00

abstract：:The TGF-beta/activin/BMP superfamily of growth factors signals through heteromeric receptor complexes of type I and type II serine/threonine kinase receptors. The signal originated by TGF-beta-like molecules appears to be transduced by a set of evolutionarily conserved proteins known as SMADs, which upon activation di...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Lagna G,Hata A,Hemmati-Brivanlou A,Massagué J

更新日期：1996-10-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Since the original work on Bose-Einstein condensation1,2, the use of quantum degenerate gases of atoms has enabled the quantum emulation of important systems in condensed matter and nuclear physics, as well as the study of many-body states that have no analogue in other fields of physics3. Ultracold molecules in the m...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Son H,Park JJ,Ketterle W,Jamison AO

更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations seem to have been several times modern levels during much of the Palaeozoic era (543-248 million years ago), but decreased during the Carboniferous period to concentrations similar to that of today. Given that carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, it has been proposed that surfa...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Came RE,Eiler JM,Veizer J,Azmy K,Brand U,Weidman CR

更新日期：2007-09-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Promoters are DNA sequences that have an essential role in controlling gene expression. While recent whole cancer genome analyses have identified numerous hotspots of somatic point mutations within promoters, many have not yet been shown to perturb gene expression or drive cancer development. As such, positive selecti...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Perera D,Poulos RC,Shah A,Beck D,Pimanda JE,Wong JW

更新日期：2016-04-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) into enucleated oocytes has emerged as a technique that can be used to derive mouse embryonic stem cell lines with defined genotypes. In this issue Byrne et al. report the derivation of two SCNT Rhesus macaca male stem cell lines designated CRES-1 and CRES-2. Molecular studies deta...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Cram DS,Song B,Trounson AO

更新日期：2007-11-22 00:00:00