Reconstitution of the tubular endoplasmic reticulum network with purified components.

abstract：:Group I and II introns are mobile elements that propagate by insertion into different genes. Some introns of both types self-splice in vitro by transesterification reactions catalysed by the intron RNA. These transesterifications are reversible, and it has been suggested that reverse splicing followed by reverse trans...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Mohr G,Lambowitz AM

更新日期：1991-11-14 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability to process microbial antigens and present them at the surface of cells is an important aspect of our innate ability to clear infections. It is generally accepted that antigens in the cytoplasm are loaded in the endoplasmic reticulum and presented at the cell surface on major histocompatibility complex (MHC...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Houde M,Bertholet S,Gagnon E,Brunet S,Goyette G,Laplante A,Princiotta MF,Thibault P,Sacks D,Desjardins M

更新日期：2003-09-25 00:00:00

abstract：:The eight catalytic subunits of the mammalian phosphoinositide-3-OH kinase (PI(3)K) family form the backbone of an evolutionarily conserved signalling pathway; however, the roles of most PI(3)K isoforms in organismal physiology and disease are unknown. To delineate the role of p110alpha, a ubiquitously expressed PI(3)...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Foukas LC,Claret M,Pearce W,Okkenhaug K,Meek S,Peskett E,Sancho S,Smith AJ,Withers DJ,Vanhaesebroeck B

更新日期：2006-05-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The abundance of chlorine in the Earth's atmosphere increased considerably during the 1970s to 1990s, following large emissions of anthropogenic long-lived chlorine-containing source gases, notably the chlorofluorocarbons. The chemical inertness of chlorofluorocarbons allows their transport and mixing throughout the t...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Mahieu E,Chipperfield MP,Notholt J,Reddmann T,Anderson J,Bernath PF,Blumenstock T,Coffey MT,Dhomse SS,Feng W,Franco B,Froidevaux L,Griffith DW,Hannigan JW,Hase F,Hossaini R,Jones NB,Morino I,Murata I,Nakajima H,Pa

更新日期：2014-11-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Stable associations of more than one species of symbiont within a single host cell or tissue are assumed to be rare in metazoans because competition for space and resources between symbionts can be detrimental to the host. In animals with multiple endosymbionts, such as mussels from deep-sea hydrothermal vents and ree...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Dubilier N,Mülders C,Ferdelman T,de Beer D,Pernthaler A,Klein M,Wagner M,Erséus C,Thiermann F,Krieger J,Giere O,Amann R

更新日期：2001-05-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Type Ia supernovae are thought to result from thermonuclear explosions of carbon-oxygen white dwarf stars. Existing models generally explain the observed properties, with the exception of the sub-luminous 1991bg-like supernovae. It has long been suspected that the merger of two white dwarfs could give rise to a type I...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Pakmor R,Kromer M,Röpke FK,Sim SA,Ruiter AJ,Hillebrandt W

更新日期：2010-01-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Intensive fisheries have reduced fish biodiversity and abundance in aquatic ecosystems worldwide1-3. 'No-take' marine reserves have become a cornerstone of marine ecosystem-based fisheries management4-6, and their benefits for adjacent fisheries are maximized when reserve design fosters synergies among nearby reserves...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Koning AA,Perales KM,Fluet-Chouinard E,McIntyre PB

更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The T-cell receptor has been studied intensely over the past 10 years in an effort to understand the molecular basis for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restricted antigen recognition. The use of anti-receptor monoclonal antibodies to isolate and characterize the receptor from human and murine T-cell clones has...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Sim GK,Yagüe J,Nelson J,Marrack P,Palmer E,Augustin A,Kappler J

更新日期：1984-12-20 00:00:00

abstract：:RNAs that contain specific high-affinity binding sites for small molecule ligands immobilized on a solid support are present at a frequency of roughly one in 10(10)-10(11) in pools of random sequence RNA molecules. Here we describe a new in vitro selection procedure designed to ensure the isolation of RNAs that bind t...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Sassanfar M,Szostak JW

更新日期：1993-08-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Quantum criticality is associated with a system composed of a nearly infinite number of interacting quantum degrees of freedom at zero temperature, and it implies that the system looks on average the same regardless of the time- and length scale on which it is observed. Electrons on the atomic scale do not exhibit suc...

journal_title：Nature

authors： van der Marel D,Molegraaf HJ,Zaanen J,Nussinov Z,Carbone F,Damascelli A,Eisaki H,Greven M,Kes PH,Li M

更新日期：2003-09-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The nuclear bulge is a region with a radius of about 200 parsecs around the centre of the Milky Way. It contains stars with ages ranging from a few million years to over a billion years, yet its star-formation history and the triggering process for star formation remain to be resolved. Recently, episodic star formatio...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Matsunaga N,Kawadu T,Nishiyama S,Nagayama T,Kobayashi N,Tamura M,Bono G,Feast MW,Nagata T

更新日期：2011-08-24 00:00:00

abstract：:SNAREs (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors) and Rab-GTPases, together with their cofactors, mediate the attachment step in the membrane fusion of vesicles. But how bilayer mixing--the subsequent core process of fusion--is catalysed remains unclear. Ca2+/calmodulin controls this term...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Peters C,Bayer MJ,Bühler S,Andersen JS,Mann M,Mayer A

更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Plant growth and development is regulated by a structurally unrelated collection of small molecules called plant hormones. During the last 15 years the number of known plant hormones has grown from five to at least ten. Furthermore, many of the proteins involved in plant hormone signalling pathways have been identifie...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Santner A,Estelle M

更新日期：2009-06-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Transposable elements are viewed as 'selfish genetic elements', yet they contribute to gene regulation and genome evolution in diverse ways. More than half of the human genome consists of transposable elements. Alu elements belong to the short interspersed nuclear element (SINE) family of repetitive elements, and with...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Aktaş T,Avşar Ilık İ,Maticzka D,Bhardwaj V,Pessoa Rodrigues C,Mittler G,Manke T,Backofen R,Akhtar A

更新日期：2017-04-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Kalka is one of about 14 major layered mafic-ultramafic intrusions forming the Giles Complex in central Australia1. The stratigraphical section of the Kalka Intrusion passes from a basal pyroxenite zone (450 + m) through norite and olivine gabbro zones (3,500 m) to an uppermost anorthosite zone (800 + m)2. Further res...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Gray CM,Goode ADT

更新日期：1981-11-12 00:00:00

abstract：:The distribution of geochemical species in the Earth's interior is largely controlled by fractional melting and crystallization processes that are intimately linked to the thermal state and evolution of the mantle. The existence of patches of dense partial melt at the base of the Earth's mantle, together with estimate...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Labrosse S,Hernlund JW,Coltice N

更新日期：2007-12-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Helminth parasitic infections are a major global health and social burden. The host defence against helminths such as Nippostrongylus brasiliensis is orchestrated by type 2 cell-mediated immunity. Induction of type 2 cytokines, including interleukins (IL) IL-4 and IL-13, induce goblet cell hyperplasia with mucus produ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Gerbe F,Sidot E,Smyth DJ,Ohmoto M,Matsumoto I,Dardalhon V,Cesses P,Garnier L,Pouzolles M,Brulin B,Bruschi M,Harcus Y,Zimmermann VS,Taylor N,Maizels RM,Jay P

更新日期：2016-01-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Lignin is a complex polymer of phenylpropanoid subunits. It is an essential component of woody tissue, to which it imparts structural rigidity. Lignin is remarkably resistant to degradation by most microbes; nevertheless, a few species of white-rot fungi are able to catalyse its oxidation to CO2. Its biodegradation is...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Tien M,Tu CP

更新日期：1987-04-02 00:00:00

abstract：:The biosynthesis of several protein cofactors is subject to feedback regulation by riboswitches. Flavin mononucleotide (FMN)-specific riboswitches, also known as RFN elements, direct expression of bacterial genes involved in the biosynthesis and transport of riboflavin (vitamin B(2)) and related compounds. Here we pre...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Serganov A,Huang L,Patel DJ

更新日期：2009-03-12 00:00:00

abstract：:The benzodiazepines are a class of drugs used to alleviate anxiety. As such they constitute one of the most commonly prescribed compounds, due in part to their efficacy and safety. The physiological effect of these drugs is probably through interactions with a low affinity benzodiazepine binding site and two (types 1 ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Barr GA,Lithgow T

更新日期：1983-03-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Living organisms rely on simultaneous reactions catalysed by mutually compatible and selective enzymes to synthesize complex natural products and other metabolites. To combine the advantages of these biological systems with the reactivity of artificial chemical catalysts, chemists have devised sequential, concurrent, ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Litman ZC,Wang Y,Zhao H,Hartwig JF

更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The fruit, which mediates the maturation and dispersal of seeds, is a complex structure unique to flowering plants. Seed dispersal in plants such as Arabidopsis occurs by a process called fruit dehiscence, or pod shatter. Few studies have focused on identifying genes that regulate this process, in spite of the agronom...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Liljegren SJ,Ditta GS,Eshed Y,Savidge B,Bowman JL,Yanofsky MF

更新日期：2000-04-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Two principals in the once-raging debate over forensic DNA typing conclude that the scientific issues have all been resolved. ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Lander ES,Budowle B

更新日期：1994-10-27 00:00:00

abstract：:MANY ferromanganese minerals have been found in marine manganese deposits. There have been terminological and intrinsic problems in accurately defining the constituents of manganese nodules(1), but 10-A manganite and delta-MnO(2) which are often compared with todorokite and birnessite seem to be the only major constit...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Usui A

更新日期：1979-05-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Phosphorylation of membrane components is thought to be an important process in membrane function. Phosphorylated proteins and a special class of phospholipids, the (poly)phosphoinositides (poly PI), are implicated in the regulation of membrane permeability and synaptic transmission in neurones. For many years, protei...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Jolles J,Zwiers H,van Dongen CJ,Schotman P,Wirtz KW,Gispen WH

更新日期：1980-08-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The way in which proteins attain and maintain their final form is of fundamental importance. Recent work has focused on the role of a set of ubiquitous proteins, termed chaperonins, in the assembly of phage and multisubunit proteins. The range of chaperonin action is unknown; they could interact with most cellular pol...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Van Dyk TK,Gatenby AA,LaRossa RA

更新日期：1989-11-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Folding of two monomeric enzymes mediated by groE has been reconstituted in vitro. The groEL protein stabilizes the polypeptides in a conformation resembling the 'molten globule' state. Mg-ATP and groES then promote the acquisition of ordered tertiary structure at the surface of groEL. Folding requires the hydrolysis ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Martin J,Langer T,Boteva R,Schramel A,Horwich AL,Hartl FU

更新日期：1991-07-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell-cell interactions are thought to play a crucial part in determining the developmental fate of vertebrate cells and regulating their subsequent differentiation. In the peripheral nervous system, for example, signals from neuronal axons determine whether or not some Schwann cells wrap their plasma membrane concentr...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Mudge AW

更新日期：1984-05-24 00:00:00

abstract：:The sequencing of ancient DNA has enabled the reconstruction of speciation, migration and admixture events for extinct taxa1. However, the irreversible post-mortem degradation2 of ancient DNA has so far limited its recovery-outside permafrost areas-to specimens that are not older than approximately 0.5 million years (...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Cappellini E,Welker F,Pandolfi L,Ramos-Madrigal J,Samodova D,Rüther PL,Fotakis AK,Lyon D,Moreno-Mayar JV,Bukhsianidze M,Rakownikow Jersie-Christensen R,Mackie M,Ginolhac A,Ferring R,Tappen M,Palkopoulou E,Dickinson MR,S

更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The protein TFIIB is a general transcription initiation factor that interacts with a promoter complex (D.DNA) containing the TATA-binding subunit (TFIID tau, or TBP) of TFIID to facilitate subsequent interaction with RNA polymerase II (ref. 2) through the associated TFIIF (ref. 3). The potential bridging function of T...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hisatake K,Roeder RG,Horikoshi M

更新日期：1993-06-24 00:00:00