In vivo imaging of germinal centres reveals a dynamic open structure.

abstract：:The dehydration of subducting oceanic crust and upper mantle has been inferred both to promote the partial melting leading to arc magmatism and to induce intraslab intermediate-depth earthquakes, at depths of 50-300 km. Yet there is still no consensus about how slab hydration occurs or where and how much chemically bo...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ranero CR,Morgan JP,McIntosh K,Reichert C

更新日期：2003-09-25 00:00:00

abstract：:The Coffin-Lowry syndrome (CLS), an X-linked disorder, is characterized by severe psychomotor retardation, facial and digital dysmorphisms, and progressive skeletal deformations. Genetic linkage analysis mapped the CLS locus to an interval of 2-3 megabases at Xp22.2. The gene coding for Rsk-2, a member of the growth-f...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Trivier E,De Cesare D,Jacquot S,Pannetier S,Zackai E,Young I,Mandel JL,Sassone-Corsi P,Hanauer A

更新日期：1996-12-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Climate strongly affects the production of sediment from mountain catchments as well as its transport and deposition within adjacent sedimentary basins. However, identifying climatic influences on basin stratigraphy is complicated by nonlinearities, feedback loops, lag times, buffering and convergence among processes ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Foreman BZ,Heller PL,Clementz MT

更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent seismological discoveries have indicated that the Earth's core-mantle boundary is far more complex than a simple boundary between the molten outer core and the silicate mantle. Instead, its structural complexities probably rival those of the Earth's crust. Some regions of the lowermost mantle have been observed...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Rost S,Garnero EJ,Williams Q,Manga M

更新日期：2005-06-02 00:00:00

abstract：:When chemical reactions whose rate increases with the concentration of a product species are carried out in imperfectly mixed systems, a variety of complex behaviours can occur. These phenomena, which have relevance for biological processes as well, include chaotic and stochastic behaviour and selection of one final s...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Epstein IR

更新日期：1995-03-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Cleavage of the gasdermin proteins to produce pore-forming amino-terminal fragments causes inflammatory cell death (pyroptosis)1. Gasdermin E (GSDME, also known as DFNA5)-mutated in familial ageing-related hearing loss2-can be cleaved by caspase 3, thereby converting noninflammatory apoptosis to pyroptosis in GSDME-ex...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Zhang Z,Zhang Y,Xia S,Kong Q,Li S,Liu X,Junqueira C,Meza-Sosa KF,Mok TMY,Ansara J,Sengupta S,Yao Y,Wu H,Lieberman J

更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacteria living within eukaryotic cells can be essential for the survival or reproduction of the host but in other cases are among the most successful pathogens. Environmental Chlamydiae, including strain UWE25, thrive as obligate intracellular symbionts within protozoa; are recently discovered relatives of major bact...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Haferkamp I,Schmitz-Esser S,Linka N,Urbany C,Collingro A,Wagner M,Horn M,Neuhaus HE

更新日期：2004-12-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Antigen recognition by T lymphocytes is mediated by cell-surface glycoproteins known as T-cell antigen receptors (TCRs). These are composed of alpha and beta, or gamma and delta, polypeptide chains with variable (V) and constant (C) regions. In contrast to alphabeta TCRs, which recognize antigen only as peptide fragme...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Li H,Lebedeva MI,Llera AS,Fields BA,Brenner MB,Mariuzza RA

更新日期：1998-01-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Guanine-nucleotide exchange factors on ADP-ribosylation factor GTPases (ARF-GEFs) regulate vesicle formation in time and space by activating ARF substrates on distinct donor membranes. Mammalian GBF1 (ref. 2) and yeast Gea1/2 (ref. 3) ARF-GEFs act at Golgi membranes, regulating COPI-coated vesicle formation. In contra...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Richter S,Geldner N,Schrader J,Wolters H,Stierhof YD,Rios G,Koncz C,Robinson DG,Jürgens G

更新日期：2007-07-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Medulloblastoma, the most common malignant paediatric brain tumour, arises in the cerebellum and disseminates through the cerebrospinal fluid in the leptomeningeal space to coat the brain and spinal cord. Dissemination, a marker of poor prognosis, is found in up to 40% of children at diagnosis and in most children at ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Wu X,Northcott PA,Dubuc A,Dupuy AJ,Shih DJ,Witt H,Croul S,Bouffet E,Fults DW,Eberhart CG,Garzia L,Van Meter T,Zagzag D,Jabado N,Schwartzentruber J,Majewski J,Scheetz TE,Pfister SM,Korshunov A,Li XN,Scherer SW,Ch

更新日期：2012-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor type I (TGF) are polypeptides of 53 and 50 amino acid residues, respectively. Both bind to EGF receptor, a 1,200-residue transmembranous glycoprotein, leading to phosphorylation of the receptor, enhancement of its tyrosine-specific kinase activity and ultima...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Brown JP,Twardzik DR,Marquardt H,Todaro GJ

更新日期：1985-02-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Age at menarche is a marker of timing of puberty in females. It varies widely between individuals, is a heritable trait and is associated with risks for obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, breast cancer and all-cause mortality. Studies of rare human disorders of puberty and animal models point to a compl...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Perry JR,Day F,Elks CE,Sulem P,Thompson DJ,Ferreira T,He C,Chasman DI,Esko T,Thorleifsson G,Albrecht E,Ang WQ,Corre T,Cousminer DL,Feenstra B,Franceschini N,Ganna A,Johnson AD,Kjellqvist S,Lunetta KL,McMahon G,N

更新日期：2014-10-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Some bacteria are capable of extracellular electron transfer, thereby enabling them to use electron acceptors and donors without direct cell contact. Beyond the micrometre scale, however, no firm evidence has previously existed that spatially segregated biogeochemical processes can be coupled by electric currents in n...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Nielsen LP,Risgaard-Petersen N,Fossing H,Christensen PB,Sayama M

更新日期：2010-02-25 00:00:00

abstract：:The enzyme cytochrome c nitrite reductase catalyses the six-electron reduction of nitrite to ammonia as one of the key steps in the biological nitrogen cycle, where it participates in the anaerobic energy metabolism of dissimilatory nitrate ammonification. Here we report on the crystal structure of this enzyme from th...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Einsle O,Messerschmidt A,Stach P,Bourenkov GP,Bartunik HD,Huber R,Kroneck PM

更新日期：1999-07-29 00:00:00

abstract：:The mechanism of action of antisteroids is not understood and explanations of their antagonistic activity have been sought at all levels of hormone action. It has been proposed that antisteroids, after binding to receptor, trap it into a non-activated (non DNA-binding) form possibly through interaction with a heat-sho...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Guiochon-Mantel A,Loosfelt H,Ragot T,Bailly A,Atger M,Misrahi M,Perricaudet M,Milgrom E

更新日期：1988-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:In platelets, agonists that stimulate phosphoinositide turnover cause the rapid phosphorylation of a protein of apparent relative molecular mass (Mr) 40-47,000, called P47, by protein kinase C (PKC). Diverse identities have been ascribed to P47 including lipocortin, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphomonoesterase, ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Tyers M,Rachubinski RA,Stewart MI,Varrichio AM,Shorr RG,Haslam RJ,Harley CB

更新日期：1988-06-02 00:00:00

abstract：:The spatial organization of the genome is intimately linked to its biological function, yet our understanding of higher order genomic structure is coarse, fragmented and incomplete. In the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, interphase chromosomes occupy distinct chromosome territories, and numerous models have been proposed...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Dixon JR,Selvaraj S,Yue F,Kim A,Li Y,Shen Y,Hu M,Liu JS,Ren B

更新日期：2012-04-11 00:00:00

abstract：:MicroRNAs (miRNAs) mediate post-transcriptional gene regulation through association with Argonaute proteins (AGOs). Crystal structures of archaeal and bacterial homologues of AGOs have shown that the MID (middle) domain mediates the interaction with the phosphorylated 5' end of the miRNA guide strand and this interact...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Frank F,Sonenberg N,Nagar B

更新日期：2010-06-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Seven monoclonal antibodies have been produced against a membrane preparation from adult rat retina. Three antibodies reacted with particular regions of rat photoreceptor cell surfaces: RET-P1 labelled the cell bodies, outer and inner segments (rods but not cones), RET-P2 labelled only outer segments and RET-P3 labell...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Barnstable CJ

更新日期：1980-07-17 00:00:00

abstract：:DNA methylation is highly dynamic during mammalian embryogenesis. It is broadly accepted that the paternal genome is actively depleted of 5-methylcytosine at fertilization, followed by passive loss that reaches a minimum at the blastocyst stage. However, this model is based on limited data, and so far no base-resoluti...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Smith ZD,Chan MM,Mikkelsen TS,Gu H,Gnirke A,Regev A,Meissner A

更新日期：2012-03-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The homotypic fusion of yeast vacuoles includes a 'docking' step, which we show here to consist of two sequential reactions: a reversible 'tethering' mediated by the GTPase Ypt7, and 'SNARE pairing', in which SNARE proteins from opposite membranes form a complex in trans. The function of this trans-SNARE complex must ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ungermann C,Sato K,Wickner W

更新日期：1998-12-10 00:00:00

abstract：:RecBCD enzyme is a processive DNA helicase and nuclease that participates in the repair of chromosomal DNA through homologous recombination. We have visualized directly the movement of individual RecBCD enzymes on single molecules of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). Detection involves the optical trapping of solitary, flu...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Bianco PR,Brewer LR,Corzett M,Balhorn R,Yeh Y,Kowalczykowski SC,Baskin RJ

更新日期：2001-01-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) differs from most other salmonellae in that it causes a life-threatening systemic infection known as typhoid fever. The molecular bases for its unique clinical presentation are unknown. Here we find that the systemic administration of typhoid toxin, a unique virulence facto...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Song J,Gao X,Galán JE

更新日期：2013-07-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Functioning and processing of membrane proteins critically depend on the way their transmembrane segments are embedded in the membrane. Sphingolipids are structural components of membranes and can also act as intracellular second messengers. Not much is known of sphingolipids binding to transmembrane domains (TMDs) of...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Contreras FX,Ernst AM,Haberkant P,Björkholm P,Lindahl E,Gönen B,Tischer C,Elofsson A,von Heijne G,Thiele C,Pepperkok R,Wieland F,Brügger B

更新日期：2012-01-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Homogeneous nucleation and subsequent cluster growth leads to the formation of new aerosol particles in the atmosphere. The nucleation of sulfuric acid and organic vapours is thought to be responsible for the formation of new particles over continents, whereas iodine oxide vapours have been implicated in particle form...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Sipilä M,Sarnela N,Jokinen T,Henschel H,Junninen H,Kontkanen J,Richters S,Kangasluoma J,Franchin A,Peräkylä O,Rissanen MP,Ehn M,Vehkamäki H,Kurten T,Berndt T,Petäjä T,Worsnop D,Ceburnis D,Kerminen VM,Kulmala M,O'D

更新日期：2016-09-22 00:00:00

abstract：:How does the human visual system 'bind' different fragments in the visual scene to create enduring representations of objects? A visual illusion known as 'metacontrast' or backward masking provides compelling evidence that perception is not instantaneous and that it occurs sequentially in distinct stages. If a solid w...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ramachandran VS,Cobb S

更新日期：1995-01-05 00:00:00

abstract：:As the first line of defence against pathogens, cells mount an innate immune response, which varies widely from cell to cell. The response must be potent but carefully controlled to avoid self-damage. How these constraints have shaped the evolution of innate immunity remains poorly understood. Here we characterize the...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hagai T,Chen X,Miragaia RJ,Rostom R,Gomes T,Kunowska N,Henriksson J,Park JE,Proserpio V,Donati G,Bossini-Castillo L,Vieira Braga FA,Naamati G,Fletcher J,Stephenson E,Vegh P,Trynka G,Kondova I,Dennis M,Haniffa M,No

更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Some surprising facts about the most productive institutions emerge when Japanese life-science research is subject to a novel type of assessment. ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Yamazaki S

更新日期：1994-11-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The quantum spin properties of nitrogen-vacancy defects in diamond enable diverse applications in quantum computing and communications1. However, fluorescent nanodiamonds also have attractive properties for in vitro biosensing, including brightness2, low cost3 and selective manipulation of their emission4. Nanoparticl...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Miller BS,Bezinge L,Gliddon HD,Huang D,Dold G,Gray ER,Heaney J,Dobson PJ,Nastouli E,Morton JJL,McKendry RA

更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The evolution of the middle ear is central to the discussion of how the first tetrapods adapted to life on land as well as their phylogeny. Here I report the discovery of the stapes of Acanthostega gunnari, from the Upper Devonian of east Greenland. This is the earliest tetrapod stapes so far described, and it throws ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Clack JA

更新日期：1989-11-23 00:00:00