Catalytic domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase: identification of a soluble mutant by systematic replacement of hydrophobic residues.

abstract：:A powerful way to deal with a complex system is to build a coarse-grained model capable of catching its main physical features, while being computationally affordable. Inevitably, such coarse-grained models introduce a set of phenomenological parameters, which are often not easily deducible from the underlying atomist...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Invernizzi M,Valsson O,Parrinello M

更新日期：2017-03-28 00:00:00

abstract：:We compute parameters characterizing many-body quantum chaos for a critical Fermi surface without quasiparticle excitations. We examine a theory of [Formula: see text] species of fermions at nonzero density coupled to a [Formula: see text] gauge field in two spatial dimensions and determine the Lyapunov rate and the b...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Patel AA,Sachdev S

更新日期：2017-02-21 00:00:00

abstract：:In contrast with speciation in terrestrial organisms, marine plankton frequently display gradual morphological change without lineage division (e.g., phyletic gradualism or gradual evolution), which has raised the possibility that a different mode of evolution dominates within pelagic environments. Here, we reexamine ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hull PM,Norris RD

更新日期：2009-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Sexual arousal is a dynamical, highly coordinated neurophysiological process that is often induced by visual stimuli. Numerous studies have proposed that the cognitive processing stage of responding to sexual stimuli is the first stage, in which sex differences occur, and the divergence between men and women has been ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mitricheva E,Kimura R,Logothetis NK,Noori HR

更新日期：2019-07-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Biotin plays an essential role in growth of mycobacteria. Synthesis of the cofactor is essential for Mycobacterium tuberculosis to establish and maintain chronic infections in a murine model of tuberculosis. Although the late steps of mycobacterial biotin synthesis, assembly of the heterocyclic rings, are thought to f...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hu Z,Cronan JE

更新日期：2020-09-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Compressional waves that sample the lowermost mantle west of Central America show a rapid change in travel times of up to 4 s over a sampling distance of 300 km and a change in waveforms. The differential travel times of the PKP waves (which traverse Earth's core) correlate remarkably well with predictions for S-wave ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sun X,Song X,Zheng S,Helmberger DV

更新日期：2007-01-02 00:00:00

abstract：:By patch-clamp analysis, we have shown that chronic, intermittent mechanical strain (CMS) increases the activity of stretch-activated cation channels of osteoblast-like UMR-106.01 cells. CMS also produces a swelling-activated whole-cell conductance (Gm) regulated by varying strain levels. We questioned whether the swe...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Duncan RL,Kizer N,Barry EL,Friedman PA,Hruska KA

更新日期：1996-03-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Neurotrophins (NTs) have recently been found to regulate synaptic transmission in the hippocampus. Whole-cell and single-channel recordings from cultured hippocampal neurons revealed a mechanism responsible for enhanced synaptic strength. Specifically, brain-derived neurotrophic factor augmented glutamate-evoked, but ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Levine ES,Crozier RA,Black IB,Plummer MR

更新日期：1998-08-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Adult-born granule cells in the dentate gyrus of the rodent hippocampus are important for memory formation and mood regulation, but the cellular mechanism underlying their polarized development, a process critical for their incorporation into functional circuits, remains unknown. We found that deletion of the serine-t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Huang W,She L,Chang XY,Yang RR,Wang L,Ji HB,Jiao JW,Poo MM

更新日期：2014-01-07 00:00:00

abstract：:cGMP is a key regulatory molecule in visual transduction, integration of neuronal response to excitatory neurotransmitters, relaxation of smooth muscle, intestinal secretion of water and salt, and reabsorption of sodium and water in the distal tubules of the nephron. Some of these cellular functions are associated wit...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ruth P,Wang GX,Boekhoff I,May B,Pfeifer A,Penner R,Korth M,Breer H,Hofmann F

更新日期：1993-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:If, because of trade-offs or similar considerations, components of fitness are negatively correlated in equilibrium populations, they may then exhibit no correlation with total fitness. Lack of correlation with fitness is a fundamental characteristic of selective neutrality. Hence, selectively important traits become ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Reeve R,Smith E,Wallace B

更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Peripheral blood leukocytes incubated with a semisynthetic phage antibody library and fluorochrome-labeled CD3 and CD20 antibodies were used to isolate human single-chain Fv antibodies specific for subsets of blood leukocytes by flow cytometry. Isolated phage antibodies showed exclusive binding to the subpopulation us...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： de Kruif J,Terstappen L,Boel E,Logtenberg T

更新日期：1995-04-25 00:00:00

abstract：:The Golgi apparatus is a membrane-bounded organelle with the characteristic shape of a series of stacked flat cisternae. During mitosis in mammalian cells, the Golgi apparatus is once fragmented into small vesicles and then reassembled to form the characteristic shape again in each daughter cell. The mechanism and det...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tachikawa M,Mochizuki A

更新日期：2017-05-16 00:00:00

abstract：:ErbB2 interacting protein (Erbin) is a widely expressed protein and participates in inhibition of several intracellular signaling pathways. Its mRNA has been found to be present in relatively high levels in the heart. However, its physiological role in the heart has not been explored. In the present work, we elucidate...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rachmin I,Tshori S,Smith Y,Oppenheim A,Marchetto S,Kay G,Foo RS,Dagan N,Golomb E,Gilon D,Borg JP,Razin E

更新日期：2014-04-22 00:00:00

abstract：:A comparison of five constant region sequences of human and mouse k and lambda immunoglobulin chains has been undertaken in order to reveal sequence homologies and evolutionary relationships. Simultaneously, a comparison with the three-dimensional structure of one mouse k-chain (McPC 603) has suggested structural reas...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kabat EA,Padlan EA,Davies DR

更新日期：1975-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Utrophin levels have recently been shown to be more abundant in slow vs. fast muscles, but the nature of the molecular events underlying this difference remains to be fully elucidated. Here, we determined whether this difference is due to the expression of utrophin A or B, and examined whether transcriptional regulato...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chakkalakal JV,Stocksley MA,Harrison MA,Angus LM,Deschenes-Furry J,St-Pierre S,Megeney LA,Chin ER,Michel RN,Jasmin BJ

更新日期：2003-06-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Solar photovoltaic (PV) electricity generation is expanding rapidly in China, with total capacity projected to be 400 GW by 2030. However, severe aerosol pollution over China reduces solar radiation reaching the surface. We estimate the aerosol impact on solar PV electricity generation at the provincial and regional g...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Li X,Wagner F,Peng W,Yang J,Mauzerall DL

更新日期：2017-11-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) gene encodes a pleiotropic cytokine that plays a critical role in basic immunologic processes. To investigate the TNF-alpha regulatory region in the primate lineage, we isolated TNF-alpha promoters from representative great apes, Old World monkeys, and New World monkey...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Leung JY,McKenzie FE,Uglialoro AM,Flores-Villanueva PO,Sorkin BC,Yunis EJ,Hartl DL,Goldfeld AE

更新日期：2000-06-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Theory suggests evolutionary change can significantly influence and act in tandem with ecological forces via ecological-evolutionary feedbacks. This theory assumes that significant evolutionary change occurs over ecologically relevant timescales and that phenotypes have differential effects on the environment. Here we...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bassar RD,Marshall MC,López-Sepulcre A,Zandonà E,Auer SK,Travis J,Pringle CM,Flecker AS,Thomas SA,Fraser DF,Reznick DN

更新日期：2010-02-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Anti-idiotype antibodies (Ab2) were purified from a cancer patient treated with NP-4, a murine monoclonal antibody to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). These Ab2 were specific for NP-4 and inhibited the binding between NP-4 and CEA. BALB/c mice immunized with these human Ab2 produced anti-Ab2 antibodies that were also r...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Losman MJ,Hansen HJ,Sharkey RM,Goldenberg DM,Monestier M

更新日期：1991-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Loss of ATP accompanying accumulation of dATP has recently been reported to occur in the erythrocytes and lymphoblasts of patients with T lymphocytic leukemia during treatment with deoxycoformycin, an inhibitor of adenosine deaminase (adenosine aminohydrolase, EC 3.5.4.4) that causes the accumulation of deoxyadenosine...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bagnara AS,Hershfield MS

更新日期：1982-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A transient transfection assay using Drosophila S2 tissue culture cells and WT and mutant Drosophila vnd/NK-2 homeobox cDNAs was used to localize repression and activation domains of vnd/NK-2 homeodomain protein. A repression domain was identified near the N terminus of vnd/NK-2 homeodomain protein (amino acid residue...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Stepchenko A,Nirenberg M

更新日期：2004-09-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Purified preparations of rabbit skeletal white, red, and cardiac muscle myosin (WM, RM, and CM) were subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Significant differences in both the molecular weights and number of light chains in these myosins were found. WM has three distinct light-chain co...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sarkar S,Sreter FA,Gergely J

更新日期：1971-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this paper we introduce the network histogram, a statistical summary of network interactions to be used as a tool for exploratory data analysis. A network histogram is obtained by fitting a stochastic blockmodel to a single observation of a network dataset. Blocks of edges play the role of histogram bins and commun...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Olhede SC,Wolfe PJ

更新日期：2014-10-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Ribonuclease H (EC 3.1.4.34) has been used to remove selectively much of the 3'-terminal poly(adenylic acid) [poly(A)] from poliovirus RNA by treating the RNA with the enzyme in the presence of poly(dT). Over 80% of the poly(A) could be removed and the residuum was found as oligo(A) stretches attached to many or all o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Spector DH,Baltimore D

更新日期：1974-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We recently found that many residues in enzyme active sites can be computationally predicted by the optimization of scoring functions based on substrate binding affinity, subject to constraints on the geometry of catalytic residues and protein stability. Here, we explore the generality of this surprising observation. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chakrabarti R,Klibanov AM,Friesner RA

更新日期：2005-08-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The in vivo biological activities of IgG antibodies result from their bifunctional nature, in which antigen recognition by the Fab is coupled to the effector and immunomodulatory diversity found in the Fc domain. This diversity, resulting from both amino acid and glycan heterogeneity, is translated into cellular respo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Smith P,DiLillo DJ,Bournazos S,Li F,Ravetch JV

更新日期：2012-04-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Ribosomal signatures, idiosyncrasies in the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and/or proteins, are characteristic of the individual domains of life. As such, insight into the early evolution of the domains can be gained from a comparative analysis of their respective signatures in the translational apparatus. In this work, we iden...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Roberts E,Sethi A,Montoya J,Woese CR,Luthey-Schulten Z

更新日期：2008-09-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Tissues from rhesus monkeys were screened by PCR for the presence of sequences homologous to known adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotypes 1-6. DNA spanning entire rep-cap ORFs from two novel AAVs, called AAV7 and AAV8, were isolated. Sequence comparisons among these and previously described AAVs revealed the greatest ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gao GP,Alvira MR,Wang L,Calcedo R,Johnston J,Wilson JM

更新日期：2002-09-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Arc repressor forms a homodimer in which the subunits intertwine to create a single globular domain. To obtain Arc sequences that fold preferentially as heterodimers, variants with surface patches of excess positive or negative charge were designed. Several but not all oppositely charged sequence pairs showed preferen...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nohaile MJ,Hendsch ZS,Tidor B,Sauer RT

更新日期：2001-03-13 00:00:00