Identification of phylogenetic footprints in primate tumor necrosis factor-alpha promoters.

abstract：:The major protein extracted from anyloid deposits induced in mice by injection of either Candida albicans cells or sodium caseinate was found to have chromatographic and electrophoretic properties and an amino-acid compostiion characteristic of the AA class of amyloid proteins. The homology of the mouse protein with p...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Eriksen N,Ericsson LH,Pearsall N,Lagunoff D,Benditt EP

更新日期：1976-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The amino acid sequence for chicken smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase (smMLCK) was deduced from a full-length cDNA. This has allowed definition of both the complete sequence of the inactive 64-kDa proteolytic fragment, which contains the pseudosubstrate autoregulatory sequence, and of the active 61-kDa Ca2+/calm...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Olson NJ,Pearson RB,Needleman DS,Hurwitz MY,Kemp BE,Means AR

更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The structure of DNA toroids made of individual DNA molecules of various lengths (3,000 to 55,000 bp) was studied, by using partially filled bacteriophage capsids in conjunction with cryoelectron microscopy. The tetravalent cation spermine was diffused through the capsid to condense the DNA under conditions that were ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Leforestier A,Livolant F

更新日期：2009-06-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Genes that are up- and down-regulated by thyroid hormone in the tail resorption program of Xenopus laevis have been isolated by a gene expression screen, sequenced, and identified in the GenBank data base. The entire program is estimated to consist of fewer than 35 up-regulated and fewer than 10 down-regulated genes; ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Brown DD,Wang Z,Furlow JD,Kanamori A,Schwartzman RA,Remo BF,Pinder A

更新日期：1996-03-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Brain serotonin (5-HT) deficiency and exposure to psychosocial stress have both been implicated in the etiology of depression and anxiety disorders, but whether 5-HT deficiency influences susceptibility to depression- and anxiety-like phenotypes induced by psychosocial stress has not been formally established. Most cl...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sachs BD,Ni JR,Caron MG

更新日期：2015-02-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Cerebral malaria is the most deadly manifestation of infection with Plasmodium falciparum. The pathology of cerebral malaria is characterized by the accumulation of infected erythrocytes (IEs) in the microvasculature of the brain caused by parasite adhesins on the surface of IEs binding to human receptors on microvasc...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Claessens A,Adams Y,Ghumra A,Lindergard G,Buchan CC,Andisi C,Bull PC,Mok S,Gupta AP,Wang CW,Turner L,Arman M,Raza A,Bozdech Z,Rowe JA

更新日期：2012-06-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Transforming growth factor betas (TGF-betas) regulate key aspects of embryonic development and major human diseases. Although Smad2, Smad3, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) have been proposed as key mediators in TGF-beta signaling, their functional specificities...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yang YC,Piek E,Zavadil J,Liang D,Xie D,Heyer J,Pavlidis P,Kucherlapati R,Roberts AB,Böttinger EP

更新日期：2003-09-02 00:00:00

abstract：:The multisubunit enzyme aspartate transcarbamylase consists of six copies of two types of polypeptide chains, catalytic (C) and regulatory (R). A complex formed by the partial dissociation of this enzyme has been isolated. This species, which has the structure C(6)R(4), is a likely intermediate in the stepwise dissoci...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Evans DR,Pastra-Landis SC,Lipscomb WN

更新日期：1974-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Five patients with advanced breast cancer were treated with pooled dialyzable transfer factor from healthy adult donors. The period of treatment ranged from 21 to 310 days, the total dose from 20 to 257 ml. Transfer factor did not elicit inflammatory or hypersensitivity reactions or detectable formation of antibody to...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Oettgen HF,Old LJ,Farrow JH,Valentine FT,Lawrence HS,Thomas L

更新日期：1974-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study quantifies sex differences in the diurnal and circadian variation of sleep and waking while controlling for menstrual cycle phase and hormonal contraceptive use. We compared the diurnal and circadian variation of sleep and alertness of 8 women studied during two phases of the menstrual cycle and 3 women stu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Boivin DB,Shechter A,Boudreau P,Begum EA,Ng Ying-Kin NM

更新日期：2016-09-27 00:00:00

abstract：:In organisms possessing a dispersal phase the processes of mating, competition, feeding, and predation are often carried out within "trait-groups," defined as populations enclosed in areas smaller than the boundaries of the deme. A simple model shows that this can lead to the selection of "altruistic" traits that favo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wilson DS

更新日期：1975-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We applied the directional tag PCR subtractive hybridization method to construct a rat hypothalamic cDNA library from which cerebellar and hippocampal sequences had been depleted, enriching 20-30-fold for sequences expressed selectively in the hypothalamus. We studied a sample of 94 clones selected for enrichment in t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gautvik KM,de Lecea L,Gautvik VT,Danielson PE,Tranque P,Dopazo A,Bloom FE,Sutcliffe JG

更新日期：1996-08-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The vegetative development of the maize shoot can be divided into juvenile and adult phases based on the types of leaves produced at different times in shoot development. Models for the regulation of phase change make explicit predictions about when the identity of these types of leaves is determined. To test these mo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Orkwiszewski JA,Poethig RS

更新日期：2000-09-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Cryptochromes are blue-light receptors mediating various light responses in plants and animals. The photochemical mechanism of cryptochromes is not well understood. It has been proposed that photoactivation of cryptochromes involves the blue-light-dependent photoreduction of flavin adenine dinucleotide via the electro...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Li X,Wang Q,Yu X,Liu H,Yang H,Zhao C,Liu X,Tan C,Klejnot J,Zhong D,Lin C

更新日期：2011-12-20 00:00:00

abstract：:To identify mannosyl (Man)-containing intermediates of the human glycoinositol phospholipid (GPI) anchor pathway and examine their expression in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), mannolipid products deriving from in vitro guanosine diphosphate [3H]Man labeling of HeLa cell microsomes were characterized. The d...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hirose S,Ravi L,Prince GM,Rosenfeld MG,Silber R,Andresen SW,Hazra SV,Medof ME

更新日期：1992-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The phosphorylation of H2Ax on its S139 site, γH2Ax, is important during DNA double-strand repair and is considered necessary for assembly of repair complexes, but its functional role after other kinds of DNA damage is less clear. We have measured the survival of isogenic mouse cell lines with the H2Ax gene knocked ou...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Revet I,Feeney L,Bruguera S,Wilson W,Dong TK,Oh DH,Dankort D,Cleaver JE

更新日期：2011-05-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Tandem gene duplication is an important mutational process in evolutionary adaptation and human disease. Hypothetically, two tandem gene copies should produce twice the output of a single gene, but this expectation has not been rigorously investigated. Here, we show that tandem duplication often results in more than d...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Loehlin DW,Carroll SB

更新日期：2016-05-24 00:00:00

abstract：:GSTs catalyze the conjugation of glutathione with a wide variety of hydrophobic compounds, generally resulting in nontoxic products that can be readily eliminated. In contrast to many other organisms, the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum possesses only one GST isoenzyme (PfGST). This GST is highly abundant in t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fritz-Wolf K,Becker A,Rahlfs S,Harwaldt P,Schirmer RH,Kabsch W,Becker K

更新日期：2003-11-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Mechanisms of bacterial pathogenesis have become an increasingly important subject as pathogens have become increasingly resistant to current antibiotics. The adhesion of microorganisms to the surface of host tissue is often a first step in pathogenesis and is a plausible target for new antiinfective agents. Examinati...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liang MN,Smith SP,Metallo SJ,Choi IS,Prentiss M,Whitesides GM

更新日期：2000-11-21 00:00:00

abstract：:A recent study showed that limited trypsin treatment of liposomes containing purified Electrophorus electricus sodium channels activates a sodium radiotracer flux. We now report that similarly treated sodium channels show voltage-gated, tetrodotoxin-sensitive and highly sodium-selective single-channel currents when in...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shenkel S,Cooper EC,James W,Agnew WS,Sigworth FJ

更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The rotation of Paracoccus denitrificans F1-ATPase (PdF1) was studied using single-molecule microscopy. At all concentrations of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or a slowly hydrolyzable ATP analog (ATPγS), above or below Km, PdF1 showed three dwells per turn, each separated by 120°. Analysis of dwell time between steps s...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zarco-Zavala M,Watanabe R,McMillan DGG,Suzuki T,Ueno H,Mendoza-Hoffmann F,García-Trejo JJ,Noji H

更新日期：2020-11-24 00:00:00

abstract：:The steroid cholesterol is an essential component of eukaryotic membranes, and it functionally modulates membrane proteins, including G protein-coupled receptors. To reveal insight into how cholesterol modulates G protein-coupled receptors, we have used dynamic single-molecule force spectroscopy to quantify the mechan...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zocher M,Zhang C,Rasmussen SG,Kobilka BK,Müller DJ

更新日期：2012-12-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of various adhesion molecules in lymphocyte homing to the brain and in inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) was examined in mice. Activated T cell lines and clones expressed CD44 and integrin alpha4, but not L-selectin, and entered the CNS independent of their antigen specificit...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Brocke S,Piercy C,Steinman L,Weissman IL,Veromaa T

更新日期：1999-06-08 00:00:00

abstract：:In eukaryotic cells the concentration of dNTP is highest in S phase and lowest in G1 phase and is controlled by ribonucleotide reductase (RNR). RNR activity is eliminated in all eukaryotes in G1 phase by a variety of mechanisms: transcriptional regulation, small inhibitory proteins, and protein degradation. After acti...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chabes A,Stillman B

更新日期：2007-01-23 00:00:00

abstract：:We have used in vitro selection techniques to characterize DNA sequences that are ligated efficiently by T4 RNA ligase. We find that the ensemble of selected sequences ligated about 10 times as efficiently as the random mixture of sequences used as the input for selection. Surprisingly, the majority of the selected se...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Harada K,Orgel LE

更新日期：1993-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The idea that the first living systems on earth were based on self-replicating RNA molecules has recently become popular as a result of the discovery of ribozymes. However, there are several major problems associated with the prebiotic synthesis of ribonucleotides. In addition, there is the newly recognized problem of...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Joyce GF,Schwartz AW,Miller SL,Orgel LE

更新日期：1987-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We present a physical and molecular genetic characterization of Drosophila melanogaster TFIIE (dTFIIE), a component of the basal RNA polymerase II transcription apparatus. We have purified dTFIIE to near homogeneity from nuclear extracts of Drosophila embryos and found that it is composed of two subunits with apparent...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang X,Hansen SK,Ratts R,Zhou S,Snook AJ,Zehring W

更新日期：1997-01-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The heavy chains of both botulinum neurotoxin type B and tetanus toxin form channels in planar bilayer membranes. These channels have pH-dependent and voltage-dependent properties that are remarkably similar to those previously described for diphtheria toxin. Selectivity experiments with anions and cations show that t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hoch DH,Romero-Mira M,Ehrlich BE,Finkelstein A,DasGupta BR,Simpson LL

更新日期：1985-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cytokines such as interleukin 4 (IL-4) play a key role in the regulation of immune responses, but little is known about how their multiple activities are regulated in vivo. In this report, we demonstrated that an IL-4-binding protein (IL-4BP) is constitutively present in the biological fluids of mice (serum, ascites, ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fernandez-Botran R,Vitetta ES

更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Like all aliphatic amines, the polyamines spermine and spermidine are physical quenchers of singlet molecular oxygen (1O2*). The rate constants of these processes were determined in vitro with photochemically generated 1O2* and the hydrocarbon rubrene as substrate, in pyridine. At millimolar concentration, spermine an...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Khan AU,Mei YH,Wilson T

更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00