Local adaptation in Trinidadian guppies alters ecosystem processes.

abstract：:Previous studies have shown that the effect of language on categorical perception of color is stronger when stimuli are presented in the right visual field than in the left. To examine whether this lateralized effect occurs preattentively at an early stage of processing, we monitored the visual mismatch negativity, wh...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mo L,Xu G,Kay P,Tan LH

更新日期：2011-08-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The nucleus accumbens is a brain region in which limbic and motor inputs converge. How these information modalities shape accumbens output is not clearly understood. Here, we report that synaptic inputs from the prefrontal cortex and limbic structures interact differently depending on their timing. Coincident inputs m...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Goto Y,O'Donnell P

更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Tsc2 gene, which is mutationally inactivated in the germ line of some families with tuberous sclerosis, encodes a large, membrane-associated GTPase activating protein (GAP) designated tuberin. Studies of the Eker rat model of hereditary cancer strongly support the role of Tsc2 as a tumor suppressor gene. In this s...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jin F,Wienecke R,Xiao GH,Maize JC Jr,DeClue JE,Yeung RS

更新日期：1996-08-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) obtained from human melanomas can specifically lyse autologous tumor in vitro and mediate tumor regression in vivo. To develop more effective therapeutic reagents and to further understand the T-cell response to tumors, the diversity of T-cell receptors (TCRs) involved in melanoma ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shilyansky J,Nishimura MI,Yannelli JR,Kawakami Y,Jacknin LS,Charmley P,Rosenberg SA

更新日期：1994-03-29 00:00:00

abstract：:From our current understanding of the genetic basis of development and pattern formation in Drosophila and vertebrates it is commonly thought that clusters of Hox genes sculpt the morphology of animals in specific body regions. Based on Hox gene conservation throughout the animal kingdom it is proposed that these gene...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kmita-Cunisse M,Loosli F,Bièrne J,Gehring WJ

更新日期：1998-03-17 00:00:00

abstract：:A complex of ribosomal DNA with RNA has been isolated from ovaries of metamorphosing tadpoles of Xenopus laevis. The complex is disrupted by treatments that destroy hydrogen bonds, and the sedimentation of the DNA within the complex is sensitive to RNase. We suggest that the RNA-ribosomal DNA complex is an intermediat...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Brown RD,Tocchini-Valentini GP

更新日期：1972-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A PCR strategy is described for global amplification of DNA from a single eukaryotic cell that enables the comprehensive analysis of the whole genome. By comparative genomic hybridization, not only gross DNA copy number variations, such as monosomic X and trisomic 21 in single male cells and cells from Down's syndrome...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Klein CA,Schmidt-Kittler O,Schardt JA,Pantel K,Speicher MR,Riethmüller G

更新日期：1999-04-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Very thin (2.3-5.5 nm) self-assembled organic dielectric multilayers have been integrated into organic thin-film transistor structures to achieve sub-1-V operating characteristics. These new dielectrics are fabricated by means of layer-by-layer solution phase deposition of molecular silicon precursors, resulting in sm...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yoon MH,Facchetti A,Marks TJ

更新日期：2005-03-29 00:00:00

abstract：:An endogenous circadian biological clock controls the temporal aspects of life in most organisms, including rhythmic control of genes involved in clock output pathways. In the fungus Neurospora crassa, one pathway known to be under control of the clock is asexual spore (conidia) development. To understand more fully t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bell-Pedersen D,Shinohara ML,Loros JJ,Dunlap JC

更新日期：1996-11-12 00:00:00

abstract：:The exceptional sensitivity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH) lacks satisfactory definition. M. tuberculosis is a natural mutant in oxyR, a central regulator of peroxide stress response. The ahpC gene, which encodes a critical subunit of alkyl hydroperoxide reductase, is one of the tar...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhang Y,Dhandayuthapani S,Deretic V

更新日期：1996-11-12 00:00:00

abstract：:The scaling of respiratory metabolism with body mass is one of the most pervasive phenomena in biology. Using a single allometric equation to characterize empirical scaling relationships and to evaluate alternative hypotheses about mechanisms has been controversial. We developed a method to directly measure respiratio...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mori S,Yamaji K,Ishida A,Prokushkin SG,Masyagina OV,Hagihara A,Hoque AT,Suwa R,Osawa A,Nishizono T,Ueda T,Kinjo M,Miyagi T,Kajimoto T,Koike T,Matsuura Y,Toma T,Zyryanova OA,Abaimov AP,Awaya Y,Araki MG,Kawasaki T

更新日期：2010-01-26 00:00:00

abstract：:The rates of spontaneous mutation to 6-thioguanine resistance were determined in fibroblasts derived from normal and two Bloom syndrome individuals (GM 2548 and GM 1492). Two methods were utilized to determine the rates. Method I obtained the spontaneous mutation rate from the increase in the mutation frequency of a c...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Warren ST,Schultz RA,Chang CC,Wade MH,Trosko JE

更新日期：1981-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Swarming bacteria move in multicellular groups and exhibit adaptive resistance to multiple antibiotics. Analysis of this phenomenon has revealed the protective power of high cell densities to withstand exposure to otherwise lethal antibiotic concentrations. We find that high densities promote bacterial survival, even ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Butler MT,Wang Q,Harshey RM

更新日期：2010-02-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic exposure of various cell types to adrenergic agonists leads to a decrease in cell surface beta 2-adrenergic receptor (beta 2AR) number. Sequestration of the receptor away from the cell surface as well as a down-regulation of the total number of cellular receptors are believed to contribute to this agonist-medi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Valiquette M,Bonin H,Hnatowich M,Caron MG,Lefkowitz RJ,Bouvier M

更新日期：1990-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recently, hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ has been implicated in hepatic lipid accumulation. We found that the C3H mouse strain does not express PPARγ in the liver and, when subject to a high-fat diet, is resistant to hepatic steatosis, compared with C57BL/6 (B6) mice. Adenoviral PPARγ2 inje...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lee YJ,Ko EH,Kim JE,Kim E,Lee H,Choi H,Yu JH,Kim HJ,Seong JK,Kim KS,Kim JW

更新日期：2012-08-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Infection of HeLa cells with poliovirus results in an inhibition of host-cell protein synthesis. Cytoplasmic extracts from infected cells contian an activity that inhibits initiation of protein synthesis in vitro by rabbit reticulocyte lysates. This inhibitory activity has been purified and characterized, and is shown...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ehrenfeld E,Hunt T

更新日期：1971-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In rodent models of Parkinson disease in which transplants of dissociated rodent and human embryonic mesencephalic tissue, rich in dopamine neurons, have been studied, only 5-20% of the dopamine neurons survive the implantation procedure. We have investigated the effects of inhibiting free radical generation with two ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nakao N,Frodl EM,Duan WM,Widner H,Brundin P

更新日期：1994-12-20 00:00:00

abstract：:A 600-base-pair region essential for ColE1 and pMBl plasmid replication contains two promoters responsible for the synthesis of two RNA molecules central to copy number control. One promoter directs synthesis of the primer RNA precursor. The second promoter directs the synthesis of a small RNA molecule, RNAl, which ac...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cesareni G,Muesing MA,Polisky B

更新日期：1982-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We show here that a cell-wall invertase encoded by the Incw1 gene is regulated at both the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels by sugars in a heterotrophic cell suspension culture of maize. The Incw1 gene encoded two transcripts: Incw1-S (small) and Incw1-L (large); the size variation was attributable to di...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cheng WH,Taliercio EW,Chourey PS

更新日期：1999-08-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Although most experimental and theoretical studies of protein folding involve proteins in vitro, the effects of spatial confinement may complicate protein folding in vivo. In this study, we examine the folding dynamics of villin (a small fast folding protein) with explicit solvent confined to an inert nanopore. We hav...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lucent D,Vishal V,Pande VS

更新日期：2007-06-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent mental disorders in developed societies. Although roles for the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus and mediodorsal thalamus in anxiety disorders are well documented, molecular mechanisms contributing to the functions of these structures are poorly understood. Here we repo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tekinay AB,Nong Y,Miwa JM,Lieberam I,Ibanez-Tallon I,Greengard P,Heintz N

更新日期：2009-03-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Ecological character displacement describes a pattern where morphological differences between sympatric species are enhanced through interspecific competition. Although widely considered a pervasive force in evolutionary ecology, few clear-cut examples have been documented. Here we report a case of ecological characte...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Adams DC,Rohlf FJ

更新日期：2000-04-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The mature optic nerve cannot regenerate when injured, leaving victims of traumatic nerve damage or diseases such as glaucoma with irreversible visual losses. Recent studies have identified ways to stimulate retinal ganglion cells to regenerate axons part-way through the optic nerve, but it remains unknown whether mat...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： de Lima S,Koriyama Y,Kurimoto T,Oliveira JT,Yin Y,Li Y,Gilbert HY,Fagiolini M,Martinez AM,Benowitz L

更新日期：2012-06-05 00:00:00

abstract：:A short, highly stereoselective (over 97%) synthesis of all-trans squalene is described. Starting with succinaldehyde, a tetraenedichlorodione having the complete squalene skeleton with the four internal trans olefinic bonds has been developed in four steps involving a sequence of two double Claisen rearrangements. Th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Werthemann L,Johnson WS

更新日期：1970-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Over the last decade a variety of MS measurements, such as HD exchange, collision cross sections, and electron capture dissociation (ECD), have been used to characterize protein folding in the gas phase, in the absence of solvent. To the extensive data already available on ubiquitin, here photofragmentation of its ECD...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Oh H,Breuker K,Sze SK,Ge Y,Carpenter BK,McLafferty FW

更新日期：2002-12-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Biotrophic plant pathogenic fungi differentiate specialized infection structures within the living cells of their host plants. These haustoria have been linked to nutrient uptake ever since their discovery. We have for the first time to our knowledge shown that the flow of sugars from the host Vicia faba to the rust f...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Voegele RT,Struck C,Hahn M,Mendgen K

更新日期：2001-07-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Substance P prohormones were identified in the caudate nucleus, hypothalamus, and substantia nigra of human brain. A polypeptide fraction of acidic brain extracts was fractionated on Sephadex G-50. The lyophilized fractions were sequentially treated with trypsin and a substance P-degrading enzyme with strong preferenc...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nyberg F,le Grevés P,Terenius L

更新日期：1985-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Long-term, localized delivery of small molecules from a biodegradable thin film is challenging owing to their low molecular weight and poor charge density. Accomplishing highly extended controlled release can facilitate high therapeutic levels in specific regions of the body while significantly reducing the toxicity t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hsu BB,Park MH,Hagerman SR,Hammond PT

更新日期：2014-08-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Ecological "surprises" are defined as unexpected findings about the natural environment. They are critically important in ecology because they are catalysts for questioning and reformulating views of the natural world, help shape assessments of the veracity of a priori predictions about ecological trends and phenomena...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lindenmayer DB,Likens GE,Krebs CJ,Hobbs RJ

更新日期：2010-12-21 00:00:00

abstract：:An implicit assumption of speciation biology is that population differentiation is an important stage of evolutionary diversification, but its significance as a rate-limiting control on phylogenetic speciation dynamics remains largely untested. If population differentiation within a species is related to its speciatio...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Harvey MG,Seeholzer GF,Smith BT,Rabosky DL,Cuervo AM,Brumfield RT

更新日期：2017-06-13 00:00:00