Evidence for abrupt speciation in a classic case of gradual evolution.

abstract：:RNA of a common strain of tobacco mosaic virus was sequentially reconstituted first with protein of the same strain and then with protein of a tomato strain. The reconstituted particles were treated with specific antibodies against the two strain particles and were examined electron microscopically to locate the regio...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Otsuki Y,Takebe I,Ohno T,Fukuda M,Okada Y

更新日期：1977-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The TrkC neurotrophin receptor belongs to the functional dependence receptor family, members of which share the ability to induce apoptosis in the absence of their ligands. Such a trait has been hypothesized to confer tumor-suppressor activity. Indeed, cells that express these receptors are thought to be dependent on ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Genevois AL,Ichim G,Coissieux MM,Lambert MP,Lavial F,Goldschneider D,Jarrosson-Wuilleme L,Lepinasse F,Gouysse G,Herceg Z,Scoazec JY,Tauszig-Delamasure S,Mehlen P

更新日期：2013-02-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The covalent linkage of supramolecular monomers provides a powerful strategy for constructing dynamic polymeric materials whose properties can be readily tuned either by the selection of monomers or the choice of functional linkers. In this strategy, the stabilities of the supramolecular monomers and the reactions use...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhang M,Li S,Yan X,Zhou Z,Saha ML,Wang YC,Stang PJ

更新日期：2016-10-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Land-use change is a major driver of biodiversity loss worldwide. Although biodiversity often shows a delayed response to land-use change, previous studies have typically focused on a narrow range of current landscape factors and have largely ignored the role of land-use history in shaping plant and animal communities...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Le Provost G,Badenhausser I,Le Bagousse-Pinguet Y,Clough Y,Henckel L,Violle C,Bretagnolle V,Roncoroni M,Manning P,Gross N

更新日期：2020-01-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Dentinal repair in the postnatal organism occurs through the activity of specialized cells, odontoblasts, that are thought to be maintained by an as yet undefined precursor population associated with pulp tissue. In this study, we isolated a clonogenic, rapidly proliferative population of cells from adult human dental...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gronthos S,Mankani M,Brahim J,Robey PG,Shi S

更新日期：2000-12-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The anti-inflammatory activity of intravenous Ig (IVIG) results from a minor population of the pooled IgG molecules that contains terminal alpha2,6-sialic acid linkages on their Fc-linked glycans. These anti-inflammatory properties can be recapitulated with a fully recombinant preparation of appropriately sialylated I...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Anthony RM,Wermeling F,Karlsson MC,Ravetch JV

更新日期：2008-12-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Nonspatial theory on pathogen evolution generally predicts selection for maximal number of secondary infections, constrained only by supposed physiological trade-offs between pathogen infectiousness and virulence. Spread of diseases in human populations can, however, exhibit large scale patterns, underlining the need ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： van Ballegooijen WM,Boerlijst MC

更新日期：2004-12-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Certain types of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are etiologically linked to cervical cancer. Their transforming capacity is encoded by a polycistronic premRNA, where alternative splicing leads to the translation of functional distinct proteins such as E6, E6*, and E7. Here we show that splicing of HPV16 E6/E7 ORF casse...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rosenberger S,De-Castro Arce J,Langbein L,Steenbergen RD,Rösl F

更新日期：2010-04-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Kirsten sarcoma virus (Ki-MSV) and Harvey sarcoma virus (Ha-MSV) are mouse-rat recombinant viruses that were originally isolated by experimental inoculation of rats with helper-independent mouse type C viruses. We have recently identified in cells transformed by Ki-MSV or Ha-MSV, a phosphoprotein, p21, coded for by Ki...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Young HA,Shih TY,Scolnick EM,Rasheed S,Gardner MB

更新日期：1979-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The fdhF gene encoding the 80-kDa selenopolypeptide subunit of formate dehydrogenase H from Escherichia coli contains an in-frame TGA codon at amino acid position 140, which encodes selenocysteine. We have analyzed how this UGA "sense codon" is discriminated from a UGA codon signaling polypeptide chain termination. De...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zinoni F,Heider J,Böck A

更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The polymerization of mixtures of Hb S with hemoglobins A, A2, and F has been investigated by analysis of the proportions of S and non-S hemoglobin both in the supernate and in the pellet after centrifugation. In all cases the non-S hemoglobin was incorporated into the polymer even in the absence of hybrids in the ord...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Benesch RE,Edalji R,Benesch R,Kwong S

更新日期：1980-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:14-3-3 proteins are ubiquitously expressed regulators of various cellular functions, including proliferation, metabolism, and differentiation, and altered 14-3-3 expression is associated with development and progression of cancer. We report a transforming 14-3-3 oncoprotein, which we identified through conventional cy...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lee CH,Ou WB,Mariño-Enriquez A,Zhu M,Mayeda M,Wang Y,Guo X,Brunner AL,Amant F,French CA,West RB,McAlpine JN,Gilks CB,Yaffe MB,Prentice LM,McPherson A,Jones SJ,Marra MA,Shah SP,van de Rijn M,Huntsman DG,Dal Cin P

更新日期：2012-01-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Fusions with the bacterial gene for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase followed by P-element-mediated germ-line transformation in Drosophila have permitted localization of the DNA sequence that confers a high degree of developmental specificity on a pair of silkmoth eggshell (chorion) genes. The short, 272-base-pair, 5...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mitsialis SA,Spoerel N,Leviten M,Kafatos FC

更新日期：1987-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:By using a structure-based computer-assisted search, we have found a butyrophenone derivative that is a selective inhibitor of the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) protease. The computer program creates a negative image of the active site cavity using the crystal structure of the HIV-1 protease. This image was c...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： DesJarlais RL,Seibel GL,Kuntz ID,Furth PS,Alvarez JC,Ortiz de Montellano PR,DeCamp DL,Babé LM,Craik CS

更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The highly polymorphic system of serologically defined genetic markers on human IgG heavy chains (Gm allotypes) is second only to the HLA complex in terms of the large number of determinants, alleles, and haplotypes that can be used for analyses of disease associations and other genetic studies. However, present typin...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zelaschi D,Newby C,Parsons M,van West B,Cavalli-Sforza LL,Herzenberg LA,Herzenberg LA

更新日期：1983-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have cloned a full-length cDNA coding for human alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH; alcohol:NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.1) from a human liver cDNA library constructed in phage lambda gt11. The library was screened by using a rabbit antibody against human ADH as a first probe, by the modified method of Young and Davis [Yo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ikuta T,Fujiyoshi T,Kurachi K,Yoshida A

更新日期：1985-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The distribution of actin stress fibers in normal and regenerating (after endothelial denudation by means of a balloon catheter) rabbit aortic endothelial cells has been studied by means of immunofluorescence with human actin autoantibodies on en face endothelial cell preparations. Our results show that: (i) under nor...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gabbiani G,Gabbiani F,Lombardi D,Schwartz SM

更新日期：1983-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A key question in clarifying human-environment interactions is how dynamic complexity develops across integrative scales from molecular to population and global levels. Apart from its public health importance, measles is an excellent test bed for such an analysis. Simple mechanistic models have successfully illuminate...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Becker AD,Birger RB,Teillant A,Gastanaduy PA,Wallace GS,Grenfell BT

更新日期：2016-12-20 00:00:00

abstract：:When two vortices cross, each of them breaks into two parts and exchanges part of itself for part of the other. This process, called vortex reconnection, occurs in classical and superfluids, and in magnetized plasmas and superconductors. We present the first experimental observations of reconnection between quantized ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bewley GP,Paoletti MS,Sreenivasan KR,Lathrop DP

更新日期：2008-09-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Telomere syndromes have their most common manifestation in lung disease that is recognized as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema. In both conditions, there is loss of alveolar integrity, but the underlying mechanisms are not known. We tested the capacity of alveolar epithelial and stromal cells from mice with...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Alder JK,Barkauskas CE,Limjunyawong N,Stanley SE,Kembou F,Tuder RM,Hogan BL,Mitzner W,Armanios M

更新日期：2015-04-21 00:00:00

abstract：:HLA-G is the putative natural killer (NK) cell inhibitory ligand expressed on the extravillous cytotrophoblast of the human placenta. Killing of the class I negative human B cell line 721.221 by NK cells is inhibited by the expression of HLA-G. This inhibition is dependent on a high level of HLA-G expression. In the p...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mandelboim O,Pazmany L,Davis DM,Valés-Gómez M,Reyburn HT,Rybalov B,Strominger JL

更新日期：1997-12-23 00:00:00

abstract：:In photosynthesis, light is captured by antenna proteins. These proteins transfer the excitation energy with almost 100% quantum efficiency to the reaction centers, where charge separation takes place. The time scale and pathways of this transfer are controlled by the protein scaffold, which holds the pigments at opti...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Müh F,Madjet Mel-A,Adolphs J,Abdurahman A,Rabenstein B,Ishikita H,Knapp EW,Renger T

更新日期：2007-10-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Duplexes constituted by closed or open RNA circles paired to single-stranded oligonucleotides terminating with 3'-CCAOH form resected pseudoknots that are substrates of yeast histidyl-tRNA synthetase. Design of this RNA fold is linked to the mimicry of the pseudoknotted amino acid accepting branch of the tRNA-like dom...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Felden B,Giegé R

更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The transformation of human cells was examined by transfection of cloned oncogenic DNAs derived from the tumor virus simian virus 40 and from the human bladder carcinoma cell line EJ into diploid fibroblasts derived from foreskin (FS-2 cells). The simian virus 40 DNA was found to induce a morphologically transformed p...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sager R,Tanaka K,Lau CC,Ebina Y,Anisowicz A

更新日期：1983-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Membrane lipids were once thought to be homogenously distributed in the 2D surface of a membrane, but the lipid raft theory suggests that cholesterol and sphingolipids partition away from other membrane lipids. Lipid raft theory further implicates these cholesterol-rich domains in many processes such as signaling and ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Foster LJ,De Hoog CL,Mann M

更新日期：2003-05-13 00:00:00

abstract：:For isolated rat hepatocytes, glucagon, 3':5'-cyclic AMP, 3':5'-cyclic GMP, and epinephrine stimulate the rate of gluconeogenesis from substrates not involving pathways of mitochondrial metabolism. From estimation of the rates of glucose formation, fructose 6-phosphate phosphorylation, and lactate and pyruvate formati...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kneer NM,Bosch AL,Clark MG,Lardy HA

更新日期：1974-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Using antibodies that react selectively with peptide sequences unique to endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), we demonstrate localizations to neuronal populations in the brain. In some brain regions, such as the cerebellum and olfactory bulb, eNOS and neuronal NOS (nNOS) occur in the same cell populations, though...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dinerman JL,Dawson TM,Schell MJ,Snowman A,Snyder SH

更新日期：1994-05-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The bioluminescent bacterium Vibrio fischeri initiates a specific, persistent symbiosis in the light organ of the squid Euprymna scolopes. During the early stages of colonization, V. fischeri is exposed to host-derived nitric oxide (NO). Although NO can be both an antimicrobial component of innate immunity and a key s...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang Y,Dufour YS,Carlson HK,Donohue TJ,Marletta MA,Ruby EG

更新日期：2010-05-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Identifying presynaptic mechanisms of general anesthetics is critical to understanding their effects on synaptic transmission. We show that the volatile anesthetic isoflurane inhibits synaptic vesicle (SV) exocytosis at nerve terminals in dissociated rat hippocampal neurons through inhibition of presynaptic Ca(2+) inf...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Baumgart JP,Zhou ZY,Hara M,Cook DC,Hoppa MB,Ryan TA,Hemmings HC Jr

更新日期：2015-09-22 00:00:00

abstract：:A tandemly repeated DNA sequence organized predominantly, if not entirely, in a specific manner on the human X chromosome has been cloned in pBR322 and characterized. The sequence was detected as a 2-kilobase band in ethidium bromide-stained agarose gels of BamHI-digested total human nuclear DNA. Although in situ hybr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yang TP,Hansen SK,Oishi KK,Ryder OA,Hamkalo BA

更新日期：1982-11-01 00:00:00