Land-use history impacts functional diversity across multiple trophic groups.

abstract：:Catalysis at organophilic silica-rich surfaces of zeolites and feldspars might generate replicating biopolymers from simple chemicals supplied by meteorites, volcanic gases, and other geological sources. Crystal-chemical modeling yielded packings for amino acids neatly encapsulated in 10-ring channels of the molecular...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Smith JV,Arnold FP Jr,Parsons I,Lee MR

更新日期：1999-03-30 00:00:00

abstract：:We have developed human cervicovaginal organ culture systems to examine the initiating events in HIV transmission after exposure to various sources of HIV infectivity, including semen. Newly infected cells were detected in the cervical submucosa 3-4 days after exposure to a primary HIV isolate. At earlier times, exten...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Maher D,Wu X,Schacker T,Horbul J,Southern P

更新日期：2005-08-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Optical spectra of biological polymers contain important information about their structure and function in living organisms. This information can be accessed by extracting an optical interaction of monomers, i.e., their exciton coupling, from experimental data. This coupling is sensitive to molecular structure, geomet...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Burin AL,Armbruster ME,Hariharan M,Lewis FD

更新日期：2009-01-27 00:00:00

abstract：:The underpinnings of STAT3 hyperphosphorylation resulting in enhanced signaling and cancer progression are incompletely understood. Loss-of-function mutations of enzymes that dephosphorylate STAT3, such as receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases, which are encoded by the PTPR gene family, represent a plausible mechanis...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lui VW,Peyser ND,Ng PK,Hritz J,Zeng Y,Lu Y,Li H,Wang L,Gilbert BR,General IJ,Bahar I,Ju Z,Wang Z,Pendleton KP,Xiao X,Du Y,Vries JK,Hammerman PS,Garraway LA,Mills GB,Johnson DE,Grandis JR

更新日期：2014-01-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are a class of cell surface receptors that, upon ligand binding, stimulate a variety of critical cellular functions. The orphan receptor anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is one of very few RTKs that remain without a firmly established protein ligand. Here we present a novel cytokine, F...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Reshetnyak AV,Murray PB,Shi X,Mo ES,Mohanty J,Tome F,Bai H,Gunel M,Lax I,Schlessinger J

更新日期：2015-12-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains expressing the activated RAS2Val19 gene or lacking both cAMP phosphodiesterase genes, PDE1 and PDE2, have impaired growth control and display an acute sensitivity to heat shock. We have isolated two classes of mammalian cDNAs from yeast expression libraries that suppress the heat shock...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Colicelli J,Nicolette C,Birchmeier C,Rodgers L,Riggs M,Wigler M

更新日期：1991-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A 38-base-pair region required for normal CYC1 mRNA 3' end formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was shown to be necessary for the termination of transcription in vivo by examining the stability of CEN3 plasmids. CEN3 plasmids were stably maintained during vegetative growth, unless a GAL1 transcript impinged on the CE...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Russo P,Sherman F

更新日期：1989-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lateral organ distribution at the shoot apical meristem defines specific and robust phyllotaxis patterns that have intrigued biologists and mathematicians for centuries. In silico studies have revealed that this self-organizing process can be recapitulated by modeling the polar transport of the phytohormone auxin. Phy...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pinon V,Prasad K,Grigg SP,Sanchez-Perez GF,Scheres B

更新日期：2013-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:G protein-coupled receptors mediate biological signals by stimulating nucleotide exchange in heterotrimeric G proteins (Galphabetagamma). Receptor dimers have been proposed as the functional unit responsible for catalytic interaction with Galphabetagamma. To investigate whether a G protein-coupled receptor monomer can...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ernst OP,Gramse V,Kolbe M,Hofmann KP,Heck M

更新日期：2007-06-26 00:00:00

abstract：:The full primary structure of the very potent opioid peptide dynorphin, from porcine pituitary, has been determined. It is (H)Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu-Arg-Arg-Ile-Arg-Pro-Lys-Leu-Lys-Trp-Asp-Asn-Gln(OH). The synthetic peptide with this sequence behaves identically to natural dynorphin in a number of ways, and it has the sa...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Goldstein A,Fischli W,Lowney LI,Hunkapiller M,Hood L

更新日期：1981-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genomic imprinting results in the differential expression of genes, depending on which allele is inherited from the mother and which from the father. The effects of such differential gene expression are reflected in phenotypic differences between the reciprocal heterozygotes (Aa vs. aA). Although many imprinted genes ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cheverud JM,Hager R,Roseman C,Fawcett G,Wang B,Wolf JB

更新日期：2008-03-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) is involved in physiological and pathological events including inflammation, cancer, AIDS, and cardiac hypertrophy. The balance between its active and inactive form is tightly controlled to ensure cellular integrity. We report that the transcriptional repressor C...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cherrier T,Le Douce V,Eilebrecht S,Riclet R,Marban C,Dequiedt F,Goumon Y,Paillart JC,Mericskay M,Parlakian A,Bausero P,Abbas W,Herbein G,Kurdistani SK,Grana X,Van Driessche B,Schwartz C,Candolfi E,Benecke AG,Van Lin

更新日期：2013-07-30 00:00:00

abstract：:How truth wins in social groups is an important open problem. Classic experiments on social groups dealing with truth statement issues present mixed findings on the conditions of truth abandonment and reaching a consensus on the truth. No theory has been developed and evaluated that might integrate these findings with...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Friedkin NE,Bullo F

更新日期：2017-10-24 00:00:00

abstract：:In HL-60 cells, a human promyelocytic leukemia cell line, the human c-myc gene, designated MYC, is amplified about 16-fold. On differentiation of the HL-60 cells into granulocytes induced by several inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase [NAD+ poly(adenosine diphosphate D-ribose)ADP-D-ribosyltransferase, EC 2.4.2.3...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shima H,Nakayasu M,Aonuma S,Sugimura T,Nagao M

更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ferroelectricity and antiferroelectricity are widely seen in various types of condensed matter and are of technological significance not only due to their electrical switchability but also due to intriguing cross-coupling effects such as electro-mechanical and electro-caloric effects. The control of the two types of d...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Takae K,Tanaka H

更新日期：2018-10-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Primary tumors secrete factors that alter the microenvironment of distant organs, rendering those organs as fertile soil for subsequent metastatic cancer cell colonization. Although the lungs are exposed to these factors ubiquitously, lung metastases usually develop as a series of discrete lesions. The underlining mol...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hiratsuka S,Goel S,Kamoun WS,Maru Y,Fukumura D,Duda DG,Jain RK

更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Striking taste disturbances are reported in cancer patients treated with Hedgehog (HH)-pathway inhibitor drugs, including sonidegib (LDE225), which block the HH pathway effector Smoothened (SMO). We tested the potential for molecular, cellular, and functional recovery in mice from the severe disruption of taste-organ ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kumari A,Ermilov AN,Grachtchouk M,Dlugosz AA,Allen BL,Bradley RM,Mistretta CM

更新日期：2017-11-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The polycystic kidney diseases (PKDs) are a group of disorders characterized by the growth of epithelial cysts from the nephrons and collecting ducts of kidney tubules. The diseases can be inherited or can be provoked by environmental factors. To investigate the molecular basis of the abnormal cell growth associated w...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cowley BD Jr,Smardo FL Jr,Grantham JJ,Calvet JP

更新日期：1987-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The localization of calmodulin, a calcium-dependent modulator of many enzymes, was studied in rat liver, skeletal muscle, and adrenal slices. Calmodulin is found in liver cytoplasm, nucleus, and plasma membrane. Much of the cytoplasmic calmodulin is associated with glycogen particles presumably bound to enzymes involv...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Harper JF,Cheung WY,Wallace RW,Huang HL,Levine SN,Steiner AL

更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have developed a simple yet powerful technique for delineating the morphological events of tumor-induced angiogenesis and other tumor-induced host processes with dual-color fluorescence. The method clearly images implanted tumors and adjacent stroma, distinguishing unambiguously the host and tumor-specific componen...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yang M,Li L,Jiang P,Moossa AR,Penman S,Hoffman RM

更新日期：2003-11-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Blood oxygen level-dependent functional MRI (fMRI) constitutes a powerful neuroimaging technology to map brain-wide functions in response to specific sensory or cognitive tasks. However, fMRI mapping of the vestibular system, which is pivotal for our sense of balance, poses significant challenges. Physical constraints...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Leong ATL,Gu Y,Chan YS,Zheng H,Dong CM,Chan RW,Wang X,Liu Y,Tan LH,Wu EX

更新日期：2019-05-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Extracts of insect cells infected with baculoviruses recombinant for the herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1)-encoded enzymes that are required for its replication can promote the rolling circle replication of circular plasmid templates. Replication is independent of a HSV-1 origin of replication (oris) or the HSV-1 origin ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Skaliter R,Lehman IR

更新日期：1994-10-25 00:00:00

abstract：:MAC5 is a component of the conserved MOS4-associated complex. It plays critical roles in development and immunity. Here we report that MAC5 is required for microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis. MAC5 interacts with Serrate (SE), which is a core component of the microprocessor that processes primary miRNA transcripts (pri-miRNAs...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Li S,Li M,Liu K,Zhang H,Zhang S,Zhang C,Yu B

更新日期：2020-09-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Viral membrane fusion proteins of class I are trimers in which the protomeric unit is a complex of a surface subunit (SU) and a fusion active transmembrane subunit (TM). Here we have studied how the protomeric units of Moloney murine leukemia virus envelope protein (Env) are activated in relation to each other, sequen...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sjöberg M,Löving R,Lindqvist B,Garoff H

更新日期：2017-03-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor gene is the cellular homolog of the avian erythroblastosis virus erbB oncogene. Control of EGF receptor expression determines cellular responsiveness to EGF and might play an important role in neoplastic development. Using RNA blot hybridization, we have found that exposure o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Clark AJ,Ishii S,Richert N,Merlino GT,Pastan I

更新日期：1985-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The total sequence of 365 amino acid residues in bovine prochymosin is presented. Alignment with the amino acid sequence of porcine pepsinogen shows that 204 amino acid residues are common to the two zymogens. Further comparison and alignment with the amino acid sequence of penicillopepsin shows that 66 residues are l...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Foltmann B,Pedersen VB,Jacobsen H,Kauffman D,Wybrandt G

更新日期：1977-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Highly multiplexed assays using antibody coated, fluorescent (xMap) beads are widely used to measure quantities of soluble analytes, such as cytokines and antibodies in clinical and other studies. Current analyses of these assays use methods based on standard curves that have limitations in detecting low or high abund...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Won JH,Goldberger O,Shen-Orr SS,Davis MM,Olshen RA

更新日期：2012-02-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Coincidence cloning allows the isolation of sequences held in common by two genomic DNA populations. Human DNA from two human-hamster hybrid cell lines was amplified by Alu-repeat primers (Alu PCR) and the products originating from the shared human chromosomal region were cloned. To achieve this, human sequences were ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Aslanidis C,de Jong PJ

更新日期：1991-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cells respond to mechanical forces whether applied externally or generated internally via the cytoskeleton. To study the cellular response to forces separately, we applied external forces to cells via microfabricated magnetic posts containing cobalt nanowires interspersed among an array of elastomeric posts, which act...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sniadecki NJ,Anguelouch A,Yang MT,Lamb CM,Liu Z,Kirschner SB,Liu Y,Reich DH,Chen CS

更新日期：2007-09-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Evolution of new enzymatic activities is believed to require a period of gene sharing in which a single enzyme must serve both its original function and a new function that has become advantageous to the organism. Subsequent gene duplication allows one copy to maintain the original function, while the other diverges t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： McLoughlin SY,Copley SD

更新日期：2008-09-09 00:00:00