Abstract:
:Using antibodies that react selectively with peptide sequences unique to endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), we demonstrate localizations to neuronal populations in the brain. In some brain regions, such as the cerebellum and olfactory bulb, eNOS and neuronal NOS (nNOS) occur in the same cell populations, though in differing proportions. In the hippocampus, localizations of the two enzymes are strikingly different, with eNOS more concentrated in hippocampal pyramidal cells than in any other brain area, whereas nNOS is restricted to occasional interneurons. In many brain regions NADPH diaphorase staining reflects NOS catalytic activity. Hippocampal pyramidal cells do not stain for diaphorase with conventional paraformaldehyde fixation but stain robustly with glutaraldehyde fixatives, presumably reflecting eNOS catalytic activity. eNOS in hippocampal pyramidal cells may generate the NO that has been postulated as a retrograde messenger of long-term potentiation.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Dinerman JL,Dawson TM,Schell MJ,Snowman A,Snyder SHdoi
10.1073/pnas.91.10.4214subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-05-10 00:00:00pages
4214-8issue
10eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
91pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Mutant alleles at the dilute unconventional myosin heavy chain locus cause diluted coat color, opisthotonic seizures, and death. The dilute coat color phenotype is caused by irregular clumping of pigment in the hair, but amounts of melanin are unchanged from wild-type controls. The melanocyte phenotype has been descri...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.25.14554
更新日期:1996-12-10 00:00:00
abstract::Finding regions of the genome that are significantly recurrent in noisy data are a common but difficult problem in present day computational biology. Cores of recurrent events (CORE) is a computational approach to solving this problem that is based on a formalized notion by which "core" intervals explain the observed ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1306909110
更新日期:2013-06-18 00:00:00
abstract::Expanded hexanucleotide repeats in the chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72) gene are the most common genetic cause of ALS and frontotemporal degeneration (FTD). Here, we identify nuclear RNA foci containing the hexanucleotide expansion (GGGGCC) in patient cells, including white blood cells, fibroblasts, glia, ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1318835110
更新日期:2013-11-19 00:00:00
abstract::Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major human pathogen that successfully adapts to the host environment via an efficient uptake system for free DNA liberated from other organisms in the upper respiratory tract, facilitating immune evasion and drug resistance. Although the initial signaling events leading to pneumococcal c...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1313860111
更新日期:2014-02-18 00:00:00
abstract::To improve the efficacy of plasminogen activators, we produced a monoclonal antibody (RWR) that inhibits human alpha 2-antiplasmin (alpha 2AP). In addition to inhibiting alpha 2AP in plasma, RWR binds to and inhibits fibrin cross-linked alpha 2AP and reproduces the "spontaneous" clot lysis that is the hallmark of huma...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.3.1114
更新日期:1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Individuals with higher educational attainment live healthier and longer lives. However, not everyone benefits equally from higher education. In particular, the black-white gap in life expectancy is greater at higher levels of educational attainment. Furthermore, recent research suggests that disadvantaged African Ame...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1714616114
更新日期:2018-01-02 00:00:00
abstract::Natural killer (NK) cells form three functionally distinct populations of effectors: competent cytolytic effectors able to bind and kill target cells and two subsets of nonlytic effectors, one able and the other unable to bind target cells. A flow cytometric method was developed, based on size and two-color fluorescen...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.16.6063
更新日期:1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prostaglandin E1 and the beta-adrenergic hormone l-isoproterenol stimulated cyclic AMP formation in both nucleated and enucleated myeloid leukemic cells that could be induced to differentiate normally to mature cells by the macrophage- and granulocyte-inducing protein MGI (MGI+D+ cells). Enucleated as well as nucleate...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.77.8.4798
更新日期:1980-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glucocorticoids play an important biphasic role in modulating neural plasticity; low doses enhance neural plasticity and spatial memory behavior, whereas chronic, higher doses produce inhibition. We found that 3 independent measures of mitochondrial function-mitochondrial oxidation, membrane potential, and mitochondri...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0812671106
更新日期:2009-03-03 00:00:00
abstract::Determinants of the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for vitamin C include the relationship between vitamin C dose and steady-state plasma concentration, bioavailability, urinary excretion, cell concentration, and potential adverse effects. Because current data are inadequate, an in-hospital depletion-repletion stu...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.8.3704
更新日期:1996-04-16 00:00:00
abstract::The dominant insulin-stimulated ribosomal protein S6 kinase activity was purified to near homogeneity from insulin-treated 32P-labeled rat H4 hepatoma cells and found to copurify with a 70-kDa 32P-labeled polypeptide. The dominant S6 kinase purified from livers of cycloheximide-treated rats is also a 70-kDa polypeptid...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.20.7944
更新日期:1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Theory suggests evolutionary change can significantly influence and act in tandem with ecological forces via ecological-evolutionary feedbacks. This theory assumes that significant evolutionary change occurs over ecologically relevant timescales and that phenotypes have differential effects on the environment. Here we...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0908023107
更新日期:2010-02-23 00:00:00
abstract::Chromophore-assisted light inactivation is a promising technique to inactivate selected proteins with high spatial and temporal resolution in living cells, but its use has been limited because of the lack of a methodology to prevent nonspecific photodamage in the cell owing to reactive oxygen species generated by the ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0611717105
更新日期:2008-01-08 00:00:00
abstract::Posttranslational modification is an important element in circadian clock function from cyanobacteria through plants and mammals. For example, a number of key clock components are phosphorylated and thereby marked for subsequent ubiquitination and degradation. Through forward genetic analysis we demonstrate that prote...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1011987107
更新日期:2010-12-07 00:00:00
abstract::Proteins synthesized in the cell can begin to fold during translation before the entire polypeptide has been produced, which may be particularly relevant to the folding of multidomain proteins. Here, we study the cotranslational folding of adjacent domains from the cytoskeletal protein α-spectrin using force profile a...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1909683117
更新日期:2020-06-23 00:00:00
abstract::The role of microtubules in 3H-labeled protein secretion in rat lacrimal glands was probed by the use of colchicine and two of its analogues that reversibly bind to tubulin. These analogues were 2-methoxy-5-(2,3,4,4'-trimethoxyphenyl)-2,4,6-cycloheptatriene-1-o ne and 2,3,4,4'-tetramethoxy-1,1'-biphenyl, the latter ha...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.12.4515
更新日期:1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bub1 is a kinase believed to function primarily in the mitotic spindle checkpoint. Mutation or aberrant Bub1 expression is associated with chromosomal instability, aneuploidy, and human cancer. We now find that targeting Bub1 by RNAi or simian virus 40 (SV40) large T antigen in normal human diploid fibroblasts results...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0703164104
更新日期:2007-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Calcium oscillations suppress mitochondrial movements along the microtubules to support on-demand distribution of mitochondria. To activate this mechanism, Ca(2+) targets a yet unidentified cytoplasmic factor that does not seem to be a microtubular motor or a kinase/phosphatase. Here, we have studied the dependence of...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2008-12-30 00:00:00
abstract::By considering temperature effects on the mechanical unfolding rates of proteins and RNA, whose energy landscape is rugged, the question posed in the title is answered in the affirmative. Adopting a theory by Zwanzig [Zwanzig, R. (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85, 2029-2030], we show that, because of roughness char...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2003-09-02 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2016-02-09 00:00:00
abstract::Hydra interstitial stem cells continuously give rise to daughter stem cells as well as precursors for nerve and nematocyte differentiation. Growth of the stem cell population is controlled by the self-renewal probability (Ps): Ps is the fraction of stem cell daughters that remain stem cells in each generation. We have...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.75.2.886
更新日期:1978-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The catalytic cycle of the ATP/Mg(2+)-dependent enzyme beta-lactam synthetase (beta-LS) from Streptomyces clavuligerus has been observed through a series of x-ray crystallographic snapshots. Chemistry is initiated by the ordered binding of ATP/Mg(2+) and N(2)-(carboxyethyl)-l-arginine (CEA) to the apoenzyme. The apo a...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.232361199
更新日期:2002-11-12 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the enormous theoretical attention given to the evolutionary consequences of sexual reproduction, the validity of the key assumptions on which the theory depends rarely has been evaluated. It is often argued that a reduced ability to purge deleterious mutations condemns asexual lineages to an early extinction....
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0606435103
更新日期:2006-12-05 00:00:00
abstract::Inactivating mutations of the pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) gene in both mice and humans leads to hyperphagia and obesity. To further examine the mechanisms whereby POMC-deficiency leads to disordered energy homeostasis, we have generated mice lacking all POMC-derived peptides. Consistent with a previously reported mode...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0306931101
更新日期:2004-03-30 00:00:00
abstract::The plant hormones abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellic acid (GA) are important regulators of the dormancy and germination of seeds. In cereals, GA enhances the synthesis and secretion of enzymes (principally alpha-amylases) in the aleurone cells of the endosperm, which then mobilize the storage reserves that fuel germ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.5.2697
更新日期:1998-03-03 00:00:00
abstract::Plants balance their competing requirements for growth and stress tolerance via a sophisticated regulatory circuitry that controls responses to the external environments. We have identified a plant-specific gene, COST1 (constitutively stressed 1), that is required for normal plant growth but negatively regulates droug...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1918539117
更新日期:2020-03-31 00:00:00
abstract::Human cancer cells that had had high (greater than 160) tissue culture passages, when transplanted into antithymocyte-treated F344 newborn rats, caused induction of rat sarcomas in the rats within 2 or 3 subcultures, whereas human cancer cells with low (5-33) passages in vitro did not cause overt induction of rat sarc...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.76.4.1793
更新日期:1979-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Individual organisms are complex in a special way. The organization and function of their parts seem directed toward a purpose: the survival and reproduction of that individual. Groups of organisms are different. They may also be complex, but that is usually because their parts, the individual organisms, are working a...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0701285104
更新日期:2007-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::AvrXa7 is a member of the avrBs3 avirulence gene family, which encodes proteins targeted to plant cells by a type III secretion apparatus. AvrXa7, the product of avrXa7, is also a virulence factor in strain PXO86 of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Avirulence and virulence specificities are associated with the central r...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.170286897
更新日期:2000-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Studies in mice indicate that the gut microbiota promotes energy harvest and storage from components of the diet when these components are plentiful. Here we examine how the microbiota shapes host metabolic and physiologic adaptations to periods of nutrient deprivation. Germ-free (GF) mice and mice who had received a ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0902366106
更新日期:2009-07-07 00:00:00