Emergent trade-offs and selection for outbreak frequency in spatial epidemics.

abstract：:During the first 2 postnatal years, cortical thickness of the human brain develops dynamically and spatially heterogeneously and likely peaks between 1 and 2 y of age. The striking development renders this period critical for later cognitive outcomes and vulnerable to early neurodevelopmental disorders. However, due t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang F,Lian C,Wu Z,Zhang H,Li T,Meng Y,Wang L,Lin W,Shen D,Li G

更新日期：2019-08-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Experimental observations of unexpected shear rigidity in confined liquids, on very low frequency scales on the order of 0.01 to 0.1 Hz, call into question our basic understanding of the elasticity of liquids and have posed a challenge to theoretical models of the liquid state ever since. Here we combine the nonaffine...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zaccone A,Trachenko K

更新日期：2020-08-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Using data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, this study examined the effects of the Great Recession on maternal harsh parenting. We found that changes in macroeconomic conditions, rather than current conditions, affected harsh parenting, that declines in macroeconomic conditions had a stronger impac...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lee D,Brooks-Gunn J,McLanahan SS,Notterman D,Garfinkel I

更新日期：2013-08-20 00:00:00

abstract：:A loss-of-function mutation in the APC gene initiates colorectal carcinogenesis. Although the molecular mechanism of tumor initiation is complex, several modifier genes have been identified using mouse models, including the ApcMin mouse. Among the familial adenomatous polyposis mouse lines carrying a truncation mutati...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shibata H,Takano H,Ito M,Shioya H,Hirota M,Matsumoto H,Kakudo Y,Ishioka C,Akiyama T,Kanegae Y,Saito I,Noda T

更新日期：2007-11-13 00:00:00

abstract：:The extracellular hemoglobin of Ascaris has an extremely high oxygen affinity (P50 = 0.004 mmHg). It consists of eight identical subunits of molecular weight 40,600. Their sequence, determined by protein chemistry, shows two tandemly linked globin-like sequences and an 18-residue C-terminal extension. Two N-linked gly...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： De Baere I,Liu L,Moens L,Van Beeumen J,Gielens C,Richelle J,Trotman C,Finch J,Gerstein M,Perutz M

更新日期：1992-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The RuvB protein is induced in Escherichia coli as part of the SOS response to DNA damage. It is required for genetic recombination and the postreplication repair of DNA. In vitro, the RuvB protein promotes the branch migration of Holliday junctions and has a DNA helicase activity in reactions that require ATP hydroly...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Stasiak A,Tsaneva IR,West SC,Benson CJ,Yu X,Egelman EH

更新日期：1994-08-02 00:00:00

abstract：:The mid-winter development of refractoriness to melatonin (Mel) triggers recrudescence of the atrophied reproductive apparatus of rodents. As a consequence, over-wintering animals become reproductively competent just before the onset of spring conditions favorable for breeding. The neural target tissues that cease to ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Freeman DA,Zucker I

更新日期：2001-05-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) defines a group of autosomal recessive disorders characterized by deficiencies in lysosome-related organelles such as melanosomes and platelet-dense granules. Several HPS genes encode proteins of unknown function including HPS1, HPS3, and HPS4. Here we have identified and characterized ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nazarian R,Falcón-Pérez JM,Dell'Angelica EC

更新日期：2003-07-22 00:00:00

abstract：:The heme-copper oxidases constitute a superfamily of terminal dioxygen-reducing enzymes located in the inner mitochondrial or in the bacterial cell membrane. The presence of a mechanistically important covalent bond between a histidine ligand of the copper ion (Cu(B)) in the active site and a generally conserved tyros...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rauhamäki V,Baumann M,Soliymani R,Puustinen A,Wikström M

更新日期：2006-10-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Two RNA fractions have been isolated and purified from both oncogenic and nononcogenic strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Both RNAs are capable of inducing the formation of transplantable tumors when introduced at wound sites in stems of Datura stramonium plants. One of these RNA fractions was found to be bound to ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Beljanski M,Aaron-da Cunha MI,Beljanski MS,Manigault P,Bourgarel P

更新日期：1974-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To test for direct and indirect effects of a top predator on three lower trophic levels, we conducted two multiyear predator addition experiments in a tropical wet forest. Periodic additions of a top predator (predatory clerid beetle) to a wet forest understory shrub caused a reduction in the predatory beetle's prey (...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dyer LA,Letourneau DK

更新日期：1999-04-27 00:00:00

abstract：:One of the main differences between bacteria and archaea concerns their membrane composition. Whereas bacterial membranes are made up of glycerol-3-phosphate ester lipids, archaeal membranes are composed of glycerol-1-phosphate ether lipids. Here, we report the construction of a stable hybrid heterochiral membrane thr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Caforio A,Siliakus MF,Exterkate M,Jain S,Jumde VR,Andringa RLH,Kengen SWM,Minnaard AJ,Driessen AJM,van der Oost J

更新日期：2018-04-03 00:00:00

abstract：:In many song birds, males develop their songs as adults by imitating the songs of one or more tutors, memorized previously during a sensitive phase early in life. Previous work using two assays, the production of imitations by adult males and playback-induced calling by young birds during the sensitive phase for memor...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nelson DA

更新日期：2000-11-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs selective for inhibition of COX-2 increase heart failure and elevate blood pressure. The COX-2 gene was floxed and crossed into merCremer mice under the alpha-myosin heavy-chain promoter. Tamoxifen induced selective deletion of COX-2 in cardiomyocytes depressed cardiac output, and ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang D,Patel VV,Ricciotti E,Zhou R,Levin MD,Gao E,Yu Z,Ferrari VA,Lu MM,Xu J,Zhang H,Hui Y,Cheng Y,Petrenko N,Yu Y,FitzGerald GA

更新日期：2009-05-05 00:00:00

abstract：:After prolonged exposure to ascorbate, collagen synthesis in cultured human skin fibroblasts increased approximately 8-fold with no significant change in synthesis of noncollagen protein. This effect of ascorbate appears to be unrelated to its cofactor function in collagen hydroxylation. The collagenous protein secret...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Murad S,Grove D,Lindberg KA,Reynolds G,Sivarajah A,Pinnell SR

更新日期：1981-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Ly-6 locus encodes several cell surface proteins whose functions are unknown. Although it is hypothesized that these proteins may be receptors, there is no direct evidence that they bind a ligand. Herein we present evidence that Ly-6A.2, a Ly-6 protein expressed on T lymphocytes, binds a ligand expressed on normal...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bamezai A,Rock KL

更新日期：1995-05-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Mathematical models have been developed to explore the population dynamics of viral diseases among wildlife. However, assessing the predictions stemming from these models with wildlife databases adequate in size and temporal duration is uncommon. An epizootic of raccoon rabies that began in the mid-Atlantic region of ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Childs JE,Curns AT,Dey ME,Real LA,Feinstein L,Bjørnstad ON,Krebs JW

更新日期：2000-12-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Adult naive T cells, which are at rest in normal conditions, proliferate strongly when transferred to lymphopenic hosts. In neonates, the first mature thymocytes to migrate to the periphery reach a compartment devoid of preexisting T cells. We have extensively analyzed the proliferation rate and phenotype of periphera...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Le Campion A,Bourgeois C,Lambolez F,Martin B,Léaument S,Dautigny N,Tanchot C,Pénit C,Lucas B

更新日期：2002-04-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Conditional mutations such as temperature-sensitive (ts) mutations are important for the analysis of protein function but are often difficult, or impossible, to obtain. Here we present a simple method for generating conditional mutations based on the use of a protein-destabilizing genetic element in combination with s...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Park EC,Finley D,Szostak JW

更新日期：1992-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell proliferation may be altered in many diseases, but it is uncertain exactly how to measure total numbers of divisions. Although it is impossible to count every division directly, potentially total numbers of stem cell divisions since birth may be inferred from numbers of somatic errors. The idea is that divisions ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kim JY,Tavaré S,Shibata D

更新日期：2005-12-06 00:00:00

abstract：:A paradox in bone tissue is that tissue-level strains due to animal and human locomotion are too small to initiate intracellular chemical responses directly. A model recently was proposed to resolve this paradox, which predicts that the fluid flow through the pericellular matrix in the lacunar-canalicular porosity due...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Han Y,Cowin SC,Schaffler MB,Weinbaum S

更新日期：2004-11-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Plasma of normal human individuals was shown to contain an inhibitor of Trypanosoma cruzi neuraminidase (NAase; acylneuraminyl hydrolase, sialidase, EC 3.2.1.18). The inhibitor has been purified to homogeneity by PEG precipitation, CM Affi-Gel Blue Sepharose chromatography, and gel filtration. The purified preparation...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Prioli RP,Rosenberg I,Pereira ME

更新日期：1987-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are a class of cell surface receptors that, upon ligand binding, stimulate a variety of critical cellular functions. The orphan receptor anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is one of very few RTKs that remain without a firmly established protein ligand. Here we present a novel cytokine, F...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Reshetnyak AV,Murray PB,Shi X,Mo ES,Mohanty J,Tome F,Bai H,Gunel M,Lax I,Schlessinger J

更新日期：2015-12-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Quiescent BALB/c 3T3 cells exposed briefly to a platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) become "competent" to replicate their DNA but do not "progress" into S phase unless incubated with growth factors contained in platelet-poor plasma. Plasma from hypophysectomized rats is deficient in progression activity; it does not...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Stiles CD,Capone GT,Scher CD,Antoniades HN,Van Wyk JJ,Pledger WJ

更新日期：1979-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Endosymbiotic acquisition of bacteria by a protist, with subsequent evolution of the bacteria into mitochondria and plastids, had a transformative impact on eukaryotic biology. Reconstructing events that created a stable association between endosymbiont and host during the process of organellogenesis--including establ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nowack EC,Grossman AR

更新日期：2012-04-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Changes in O-linked protein glycosylation are known to correlate with disease states but are difficult to monitor in a physiological setting because of a lack of experimental tools. Here, we report a technique for rapid profiling of O-linked glycoproteins in living animals by metabolic labeling with N-azidoacetylgalac...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dube DH,Prescher JA,Quang CN,Bertozzi CR

更新日期：2006-03-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Nuclear receptor SET domain containing protein 2 (NSD2) catalyzes the methylation of histone H3 lysine 36 (H3K36). It is a determinant in Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome and is overexpressed in human multiple myeloma. Despite the relevance of NSD2 to cancer, there are no potent, selective inhibitors of this enzyme reported. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Poulin MB,Schneck JL,Matico RE,McDevitt PJ,Huddleston MJ,Hou W,Johnson NW,Thrall SH,Meek TD,Schramm VL

更新日期：2016-02-02 00:00:00

abstract：:We obtain a general connection between a large quantum advantage in communication complexity and Bell nonlocality. We show that given any protocol offering a sufficiently large quantum advantage in communication complexity, there exists a way of obtaining measurement statistics that violate some Bell inequality. Our m...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Buhrman H,Czekaj Ł,Grudka A,Horodecki M,Horodecki P,Markiewicz M,Speelman F,Strelchuk S

更新日期：2016-03-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Eccentricity, obliquity, and precession are cyclic parameters of the Earth's orbit whose climatic implications have been widely demonstrated on recent and short time intervals. Amplitude modulations of these parameters on million-year time scales induce "grand orbital cycles," but the behavior and the paleoenvironment...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Martinez M,Dera G

更新日期：2015-10-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Expression of the homeobox protein CDX1 is lost or reduced in a significant proportion of colorectal carcinomas (CRCs) but the underlying mechanism for this is unclear. We have demonstrated absence of CDX1 mRNA expression in 7 of 37 CRC cell lines and shown that all 7 cell lines have a methylated CDX1 promoter. Twenty...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wong NA,Britton MP,Choi GS,Stanton TK,Bicknell DC,Wilding JL,Bodmer WF

更新日期：2004-01-13 00:00:00