Abstract:
:In photoreceptors, a latency of many milliseconds elapses between the absorption of a light quantum and the occurrence of the late receptor potential, even for strong light stimuli. Surprisingly, this is much longer than the time necessary for conductance changes such as occur in membranes of neurones or muscles, mediated by chemical transmitters. There are several possible explanations for the long photoreceptor latency. (1) It may be due to properties of the visual pigment molecules. For instance, the temporal coincidence of the occurrence of metarhodospin II with the receptor signal indicates that the meta I-meta II transition might be the trigger for the electrical response in vertebrate photoreception. (2) It may be explained by properties of transport processes. Such a time consuming process could be the diffusion of an internal 'transmitter substance', which diffuses to a 'pore' in the receptor membrane. (3) A third possibility is the time needed to produce and accumulate chemical substances. The light-induced change of the visual pigment molecule might trigger a chemical reaction chain, in which the product of an earlier step triggers the next one. The experiments described here show that a considerable part of the long latency in photoreception is due to processes that are localised at the level of the visual pigment molecule.
journal_name
Naturejournal_title
Natureauthors
Hamdorf K,Kirschfeld Kdoi
10.1038/283859a0subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1980-02-28 00:00:00pages
859-60issue
5750eissn
0028-0836issn
1476-4687journal_volume
283pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NATURE文献大全abstract::In Dictyostelium discoideum, carbohydrate binding proteins (CBPs) or lectins have been implicated in the molecular basis of cellular cohesion. To determine the role of these CBPs, we have attempted to isolate structural gene mutants in which the CBPs have a defective affinity for carbohydrate ligands. We now report th...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/279215a0
更新日期:1979-05-17 00:00:00
abstract::External agents of mortality (disturbances) occur over a wide range of scales of space and time, and are believed to have large effects on species diversity. The "intermediate disturbance hypothesis", which proposes maximum diversity at intermediate frequencies of disturbance, has received support from both field and ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/35050080
更新日期:2000-12-21 00:00:00
abstract::Nitrogen (N) limits the productivity of many ecosystems worldwide, thereby restricting the ability of terrestrial ecosystems to offset the effects of rising atmospheric CO(2) emissions naturally. Understanding input pathways of bioavailable N is therefore paramount for predicting carbon (C) storage on land, particular...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature10415
更新日期:2011-08-31 00:00:00
abstract::Oxygenic photosynthesis in plants, algae and cyanobacteria is initiated at photosystem II, a homodimeric multisubunit protein-cofactor complex embedded in the thylakoid membrane. Photosystem II captures sunlight and powers the unique photo-induced oxidation of water to atmospheric oxygen. Crystallographic investigatio...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature04224
更新日期:2005-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::Troponin is essential in Ca(2+) regulation of skeletal and cardiac muscle contraction. It consists of three subunits (TnT, TnC and TnI) and, together with tropomyosin, is located on the actin filament. Here we present crystal structures of the core domains (relative molecular mass of 46,000 and 52,000) of human cardia...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature01780
更新日期:2003-07-03 00:00:00
abstract::The retina in most mammals contains two types of macroglial cells--Müller cells, which span the entire thickness of the retina, and astrocytes, which are mainly confined to the nerve fibre layer. Whereas Müller cells are diffusely distributed in all vertebrate retinae, the presence and distribution of retinal astrocyt...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/332834a0
更新日期:1988-04-28 00:00:00
abstract::Microcrystals of the lipoprotein-phosphoprotein complex which are found in the oocytes of Xenopus laevis were examined using electron microscopy. Analysis of Fourier transforms of the images of the (010) and (001) projections showed the space group to be P2(1)22(1). Ten projections were combined to produce a map of th...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/272028a0
更新日期:1978-03-02 00:00:00
abstract::Solitons are large-amplitude, spatially confined wave packets in nonlinear media. They occur in a wide range of physical systems, such as water surfaces, optical fibres, plasmas, Bose-Einstein condensates and magnetically ordered media. A distinguishing feature of soliton behaviour that is common to all systems, is th...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature02042
更新日期:2003-11-13 00:00:00
abstract::Touch and mechanical pain are first detected at our largest sensory surface, the skin. The cell bodies of sensory neurons that detect such stimuli are located in the dorsal root ganglia, and subtypes of these neurons are specialized to detect specific modalities of mechanical stimuli. Molecules have been identified th...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature05394
更新日期:2007-01-11 00:00:00
abstract::Spontaneous mutations are the source of genetic variation required for evolutionary change, and are therefore important for many aspects of evolutionary biology. For example, the divergence between taxa at neutrally evolving sites in the genome is proportional to the per nucleotide mutation rate, u (ref. 1), and this ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature05388
更新日期:2007-01-04 00:00:00
abstract::Sodium channels and receptors to serotonin and kainate were 'transplanted' from human brain into frog oocytes, by isolating messenger RNA from a fetal brain, and injecting it into Xenopus laevis oocytes. The mRNA was translated by the oocyte and induced the appearance of functional receptors and channels in its membra...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/308421a0
更新日期:1984-03-29 00:00:00
abstract::Nuclear pore complexes reside in the nuclear envelope of eukaryotic cells and mediate the nucleocytoplasmic exchange of macromolecules. Traffic is regulated by mobile transport receptors that target their cargo to the central translocation channel, where phenylalanine-glycine-rich repeats serve as binding sites. The s...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature06170
更新日期:2007-10-04 00:00:00
abstract::Photoreceptor loss is the final common endpoint in most retinopathies that lead to irreversible blindness, and there are no effective treatments to restore vision1,2. Chemical reprogramming of fibroblasts offers an opportunity to reverse vision loss; however, the generation of sensory neuronal subtypes such as photore...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2201-4
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Comprehensive protein protein interaction maps promise to reveal many aspects of the complex regulatory network underlying cellular function. Recently, large-scale approaches have predicted many new protein interactions in yeast. To measure their accuracy and potential as well as to identify biases, strengths and weak...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature750
更新日期:2002-05-23 00:00:00
abstract::The formation of a primordial crust is a critical step in the evolution of terrestrial planets but the timing of this process is poorly understood. The mineral zircon is a powerful tool for constraining crust formation because it can be accurately dated with the uranium-to-lead (U-Pb) isotopic decay system and is resi...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0222-z
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Retinoic-acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I; also called DDX58) is a cytosolic viral RNA receptor that interacts with MAVS (also called VISA, IPS-1 or Cardif) to induce type I interferon-mediated host protective innate immunity against viral infection. Furthermore, members of the tripartite motif (TRIM) protein family, whic...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.1038/nature05732
更新日期:2007-04-19 00:00:00
abstract::In the originally published version of this Article, the sequenced axolotl strain (the homozygous white mutant) was denoted as 'D/D' rather than 'd/d' in Fig. 1a and the accompanying legend, the main text and the Methods section. The original Article has been corrected online. ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章,已发布勘误
doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0141-z
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Highly rearranged and mutated cancer genomes present major challenges in the identification of pathogenetic events driving the neoplastic transformation process. Here we engineered lymphoma-prone mice with chromosomal instability to assess the usefulness of mouse models in cancer gene discovery and the extent of cross...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature05886
更新日期:2007-06-21 00:00:00
abstract::Excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle involves a voltage sensor in the plasma membrane which, in response to depolarization, causes an intracellular calcium-release channel to open. The skeletal isoform of the ryanodine receptor (RyR-1) functions as the Ca2+-release channel and the dihydropyridine recepto...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/380072a0
更新日期:1996-03-07 00:00:00
abstract::The hypothesis that animal population dynamics may be synchronized by climate is highly relevant in the context of climate change because it suggests that several populations might respond simultaneously to climatic trends if their dynamics are entrained by environmental correlation. The dynamics of many species throu...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature01064
更新日期:2002-11-14 00:00:00
abstract::Bone has recently emerged as a pleiotropic endocrine organ that secretes at least two hormones, FGF23 and osteocalcin, which regulate kidney function and glucose homeostasis, respectively. These findings have raised the question of whether other bone-derived hormones exist and what their potential functions are. Here ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature21697
更新日期:2017-03-16 00:00:00
abstract::The classical view of fast chemical synaptic transmission is that released neurotransmitter acts locally on postsynaptic receptors and is cleared from the synaptic cleft within a few milliseconds by diffusion and by specific reuptake mechanisms. This rapid clearance restricts the spread of neurotransmitter and, combin...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/385630a0
更新日期:1997-02-13 00:00:00
abstract::Behavioural experiences activate the FOS transcription factor in sparse populations of neurons that are critical for encoding and recalling specific events1-3. However, there is limited understanding of the mechanisms by which experience drives circuit reorganization to establish a network of Fos-activated cells. It i...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-3031-0
更新日期:2020-12-09 00:00:00
abstract::A major aim in immunology has been to understand how the immune system evokes characteristic responses to infection, foreign tissue grafts and tumours. The current view of immunoregulation is based mainly on studies of lymphocyte subsets, either in vitro or by adoptive transfer to irradiated recipients. Many reagents ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/312548a0
更新日期:1984-12-06 00:00:00
abstract::Although drugs are intended to be selective, at least some bind to several physiological targets, explaining side effects and efficacy. Because many drug-target combinations exist, it would be useful to explore possible interactions computationally. Here we compared 3,665 US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature08506
更新日期:2009-11-12 00:00:00
abstract::Connectivity in the cortex is organized at multiple scales, suggesting that scale-dependent correlated activity is particularly important for understanding the behaviour of sensory cortices and their function in stimulus encoding. We analysed the scale-dependent structure of cortical interactions by using maximum entr...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature09178
更新日期:2010-07-29 00:00:00
abstract::Biodegradation of crude oil by bacterial activity--which has occurred in the majority of the Earth's oil reserves--is known to reduce greatly the quality of petroleum in reservoirs. For economically successful prospecting for oil, it is therefore important to understand the processes and conditions in geological forma...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/35082535
更新日期:2001-06-28 00:00:00
abstract::Plant respiration results in an annual flux of carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere that is six times as large as that due to the emissions from fossil fuel burning, so changes in either will impact future climate. As plant respiration responds positively to temperature, a warming world may result in additional resp...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature17142
更新日期:2016-03-31 00:00:00
abstract::Protons participate in most biologically important reactions, as substrates, products, cofactors and modulators, and proton transport is an essential step in energy transduction. The dynamics of protonation reactions have been studied extensively in solution and in model systems involving lipid-water interfaces, but h...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/329243a0
更新日期:1987-09-17 00:00:00
abstract::Actin is one of the most ubiquitous, abundant and well-conserved proteins of eukaryotes, participating in many crucial cellular processes including the maintenance of cell shape, motility and cell division. Actins from the most divergent sources still share amino-acid identities in excess of 70% (ref. 3). This may wel...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/359246a0
更新日期:1992-09-17 00:00:00