Abstract：
:Protons participate in most biologically important reactions, as substrates, products, cofactors and modulators, and proton transport is an essential step in energy transduction. The dynamics of protonation reactions have been studied extensively in solution and in model systems involving lipid-water interfaces, but have never been resolved at the timescale of the elementary molecular event. Here we show that, under appropriate conditions, binding and unbinding reactions of single protons and deuterium ions to a single site on the L-type calcium channel can be resolved and the protonation and deprotonation rates quantified. The protonation rate constant considerably exceeds previous estimates obtained in simpler systems. The functional consequences of channel protonation is a threefold reduction of the channel conductance, independent of the applied voltage. The data are consistent with the presence of a single protonatable group with pK in the physiological pH range, close to the external mouth of the channel. The two conductance levels of the open channel might be explained by greatly differing local potentials associated with the protonated and deprotonated state of the group.
journal_name
Naturejournal_title
Natureauthors
Prod'hom B,Pietrobon D,Hess Pdoi
10.1038/329243a0subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1987-09-17 00:00:00pages
243-6issue
6136eissn
0028-0836issn
1476-4687journal_volume
329pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NATURE文献大全abstract：:Biological dinitrogen fixation provides the largest input of nitrogen to the oceans, therefore exerting important control on the ocean's nitrogen inventory and primary productivity. Nitrogen-isotope data from ocean sediments suggest that the marine-nitrogen inventory has been balanced for the past 3,000 years (ref. 4)...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature11338
更新日期：2012-08-16 00:00:00
abstract：:The human AIDS viruses human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and type 2 (HIV-2) represent cross-species (zoonotic) infections. Although the primate reservoir of HIV-2 has been clearly identified as the sooty mangabey (Cercocebus atys), the origin of HIV-1 remains uncertain. Viruses related to HIV-1 have been iso...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/17130
更新日期：1999-02-04 00:00:00
abstract：:The GAL4 protein activates transcription of the genes required for galactose utilization in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The protein, consisting of 881 amino acids, is dimeric when bound to one of the approximately twofold symmetrical DNA sites present in the galactose upstream activating sequence (UASG). Here we use two...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/356450a0
更新日期：1992-04-02 00:00:00
abstract：:The formation of disulphide bonds is essential to the structure and function of proteins. These bonds rapidly form either cotranslationally or immediately post-translationally in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. Native disulphide pairing for such proteins has been achieved in vitro; however, the rates of reasse...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/317267a0
更新日期：1985-09-19 00:00:00
abstract：:Apolipoprotein B (apo B) is crucial for the transport of cholesterol in humans. It is a large secretory protein that mediates the uptake of low-density lipoproteins and renders several forms of lipid droplets soluble in the blood. The binding of lipid by apo B also prevents this hydrophobic protein from precipitating ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/346382a0
更新日期：1990-07-26 00:00:00
abstract：:Although it has been proposed that the activation of T lymphocytes is mediated by an early rise in cytosolic calcium concentration, it has not been possible to mimic antigen- or mitogen-induced mouse lymphocyte activation by calcium ionophores that bypass receptor-mediated processes. There is now evidence from other s...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/313318a0
更新日期：1985-01-24 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent studies have suggested a critical role of specific gene loss in several embryonic tumours and certain adult cancers. In retinoblastoma, hemizygosity or homozygosity of a recessive mutant allele results in the loss of normal gene product, and this seems to cause the manifestation of the disorder. Familial polypo...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/331273a0
更新日期：1988-01-21 00:00:00
abstract：:When a portrait is coarsely quantized into blocks, the block structure hides the face, although lower spatial frequencies of the original image sufficient by themselves for recognition are preserved. Recognition can be recovered by blurring the image, or otherwise attenuating the spurious higher spatial frequency comp...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/305226a0
更新日期：1983-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Excitatory amino acids induce both acute membrane depolarization and latent cellular toxicity, which often leads to apoptosis in many neurological disorders. Recent studies indicate that glutamate toxicity may involve the c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) group of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases. One member of...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/39899
更新日期：1997-10-23 00:00:00
abstract：:Gram-negative bacteria possess a complex cell envelope that consists of a plasma membrane, a peptidoglycan cell wall and an outer membrane. The envelope is a selective chemical barrier1 that defines cell shape2 and allows the cell to sustain large mechanical loads such as turgor pressure3. It is widely believed that t...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41586-018-0344-3
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Somatic sexual differentiation in Drosophila melanogaster involves a cascade of regulated splicing events and provides an attractive model system for the analysis of alternative splicing mechanisms. The protein Sex-lethal (Sxl) activates a female-specific 3' splice site in the first intron of transformer (tra) pre-mRN...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/362171a0
更新日期：1993-03-11 00:00:00
abstract：:A set of restriction fragments cloned into phage lambda vectors has allowed us to locate a site necessary for full rpoBC expression. We find that these genes for the two large subunits of RNA polymerase and the genes, rplL and rplJ, for two ribosomal proteins, form a single operon. ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/276033a0
更新日期：1978-11-02 00:00:00
abstract：:Apoptosis (programmed cell death), an essential process in the development and homeostasis of metazoans, is carried out by caspases. The mitochondrial protein Smac/DIABLO performs a critical function in apoptosis by eliminating the inhibitory effect of IAPs (inhibitor of apoptosis proteins) on caspases. Here we show t...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/35022514
更新日期：2000-08-24 00:00:00
abstract：:The availability of iron limits primary productivity and the associated uptake of carbon over large areas of the ocean. Iron thus plays an important role in the carbon cycle, and changes in its supply to the surface ocean may have had a significant effect on atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations over glacial-inter...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature05700
更新日期：2007-04-26 00:00:00
abstract：:Secretory antibodies of the IgA class (sIgA) are thought to have an important role in the defence against bacteria at mucosal surfaces--the level at which the infectious agents first come into contact with the host. However, the mechanism by which sIgA exert their antibacterial activity is still a matter of debate. Af...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/306184a0
更新日期：1983-11-10 00:00:00
abstract：:B lymphocytes originate from pluripotential haematopoietic stem cells and differentiate into immunoglobulin (Ig)-producing cells. B-cell lineage differentiation is accompanied by two types of immunoglobulin gene rearrangements--rearrangement of V, D and J gene segments to create a functional V gene and rearrangement o...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/303812a0
更新日期：1983-06-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Aneuploidy, referring here to genome contents characterized by abnormal numbers of chromosomes, has been associated with developmental defects, cancer and adaptive evolution in experimental organisms. However, it remains unresolved how aneuploidy impacts gene expression and whether aneuploidy could directly bring abou...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature09529
更新日期：2010-11-11 00:00:00
abstract：:All living organisms use ion channels to regulate the transport of ions across cellular membranes. Certain ion channels are classed as voltage-dependent because they have a voltage-sensing structure that induces their pores to open in response to changes in the cell membrane voltage. Until recently, the voltage-depend...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature01473
更新日期：2003-03-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Expression of Ets2, a proto-oncogene and transcription factor, occurs in a variety of cell types. During murine development it is highly expressed in newly forming cartilage, including in the skull precursor cells and vertebral primordia. Ets2 is located on human chromosome 21 (ref. 8) and is overexpressed in Down's s...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/379534a0
更新日期：1996-02-08 00:00:00
abstract：:The amino-terminal region of the common corticotropin/beta-lipotrophin (beta-LPH) precursor has been identified in the AtT-20 mouse tumor cells as a glycopeptide with an apparent molecular weight of 16,000 (the '16K fragment'). A third melanotropin core sequence or gamma-MSH similar to that found in ACTH and beta-LPH ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/291156a0
更新日期：1981-05-14 00:00:00
abstract：:The canonical Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway governs diverse developmental, homeostatic and pathological processes. Palmitoylated Wnt ligands engage cell-surface frizzled (FZD) receptors and LRP5 and LRP6 co-receptors, enabling β-catenin nuclear translocation and TCF/LEF-dependent gene transactivation. Mutations in ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature22313
更新日期：2017-05-11 00:00:00
abstract：:The tropics have been suggested as the drivers of global ocean and atmosphere circulation and biogeochemical cycling during the extreme warmth of the Cretaceous period; but the links between orbital forcing, freshwater runoff and the biogeochemistry of continental margins in extreme greenhouse conditions are not fully...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature03976
更新日期：2005-09-08 00:00:00
abstract：:Mitochondrial genomes (mitochondrial DNA, mtDNA) encode essential oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) components. Because hundreds of mtDNAs exist per cell, a deletion in a single mtDNA has little impact. However, if the deletion genome is enriched, OXPHOS declines, resulting in cellular dysfunction. For example, Kearn...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature17989
更新日期：2016-05-19 00:00:00
abstract：:Some people inherit an unfortunate combination of genetic sequences, such that exposure to an external trigger causes their immune response to turn on their own tissues. Although mutations in a single gene can cause autoimmunity, most autoimmune diseases are associated with several sequence variants. Marked advances i...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/nature03723
更新日期：2005-06-02 00:00:00
abstract：:We report genome sequences of 17 inbred strains of laboratory mice and identify almost ten times more variants than previously known. We use these genomes to explore the phylogenetic history of the laboratory mouse and to examine the functional consequences of allele-specific variation on transcript abundance, reveali...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature10413
更新日期：2011-09-14 00:00:00
abstract：:Highly correlated electronic systems--such as transition-metal oxides that are doped Mott insulators--are complex systems which exhibit puzzling phenomena, including high-temperature superconductivity and colossal magnetoresistivity. Recent studies suggest that in such systems collective electronic phenomena are impor...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/35021018
更新日期：2000-08-17 00:00:00
abstract：:The standard form of back-propagation learning is implausible as a model of perceptual learning because it requires an external teacher to specify the desired output of the network. We show how the external teacher can be replaced by internally derived teaching signals. These signals are generated by using the assumpt...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/355161a0
更新日期：1992-01-09 00:00:00
abstract：:A wide range of receptors are located at the blood sinusoidal aspect of the hepatocyte plasma membrane. Many circulating ligands that bind to receptors on the cell surfaces are interiorized along two pathways. Asialoglycoproteins are transferred from the plasma membrane to lysosomes and degraded, whereas immunoglobuli...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/298398a0
更新日期：1982-07-22 00:00:00
abstract：:The intracellular pathogen Legionella pneumophila modulates the activity of host GTPases to direct the transport and assembly of the membrane-bound compartment in which it resides. In vitro studies have indicated that the Legionella protein DrrA post-translationally modifies the GTPase Rab1 by a process called AMPylat...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature10335
更新日期：2011-08-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Unicellular organisms such as yeasts require a single cyclin-dependent kinase, Cdk1, to drive cell division. In contrast, mammalian cells are thought to require the sequential activation of at least four different cyclin-dependent kinases, Cdk2, Cdk3, Cdk4 and Cdk6, to drive cells through interphase, as well as Cdk1 t...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature06046
更新日期：2007-08-16 00:00:00
