Abstract:
:Streptococcus pyogenes, or group A Streptococcus (GAS), is both a pathogen and an asymptomatic colonizer of human hosts and produces a large number of surface-expressed and secreted factors that contribute to a variety of infection outcomes. The GAS-secreted cysteine protease SpeB has been well studied for its effects on the human host; however, despite its broad proteolytic activity, studies on how this factor is utilized in polymicrobial environments are lacking. Here, we utilized various forms of SpeB protease to evaluate its antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties against the clinically important human colonizer Staphylococcus aureus, which occupies niches similar to those of GAS. For our investigation, we used a skin-tropic GAS strain, AP53CovS+, and its isogenic ΔspeB mutant to compare the production and activity of native SpeB protease. We also generated active and inactive forms of recombinant purified SpeB for functional studies. We demonstrate that SpeB exhibits potent biofilm disruption activity at multiple stages of S. aureus biofilm formation. We hypothesized that the surface-expressed adhesin SdrC in S. aureus was cleaved by SpeB, which contributed to the observed biofilm disruption. Indeed, we found that SpeB cleaved recombinant SdrC in vitro and in the context of the full S. aureus biofilm. Our results suggest an understudied role for the broadly proteolytic SpeB as an important factor for GAS colonization and competition with other microorganisms in its niche.IMPORTANCEStreptococcus pyogenes (GAS) causes a range of diseases in humans, ranging from mild to severe, and produces many virulence factors in order to be a successful pathogen. One factor produced by many GAS strains is the protease SpeB, which has been studied for its ability to cleave and degrade human proteins, an important factor in GAS pathogenesis. An understudied aspect of SpeB is the manner in which its broad proteolytic activity affects other microorganisms that co-occupy niches similar to that of GAS. The significance of the research reported herein is the demonstration that SpeB can degrade the biofilms of the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus, which has important implications for how SpeB may be utilized by GAS to successfully compete in a polymicrobial environment.
journal_name
J Bacterioljournal_title
Journal of bacteriologyauthors
Carothers KE,Liang Z,Mayfield J,Donahue DL,Lee M,Boggess B,Ploplis VA,Castellino FJ,Lee SWdoi
10.1128/JB.00008-20subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-05-11 00:00:00issue
11eissn
0021-9193issn
1098-5530pii
JB.00008-20journal_volume
202pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae permeabilized by treatment with ether take up and incorporate exogenous deoxynucleoside triphosphate into deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). With rho(+) strains, more than 95% of the product was mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). This report characterizes ether-permeabilized yeast cells and describ...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.140.2.333-341.1979
更新日期:1979-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sneathia amnii is a poorly characterized emerging pathogen that has been implicated in amnionitis and urethritis. We found that S. amnii damages fetal membranes, and we identified and purified a cytotoxic exotoxin that lyses human red blood cells and damages cells from fetal membranes. The gene appears to be cotranscr...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.00162-20
更新日期:2020-06-09 00:00:00
abstract::Mutations in two chromosomal genes of Escherichia coli, cpxA and cpxB, produced a temperature-sensitive growth defect that was remedied specifically by the addition of isoleucine and valine to the minimal medium. This auxotrophy was manifested only when the medium contained exogenous leucine, suggesting that mutant ce...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.144.1.68-73.1980
更新日期:1980-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Escherichia coli, the following genes are involved in motility and chemotaxis. The H gene is the structural gene for flagellin. Mutation in the mot gene results in paralysis of the flagella, and mutation in the fla genes leads to an absence of flagella. The cheA, cheB, and cheC genes are required for chemotaxis. Th...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.97.1.156-161.1969
更新日期:1969-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mutations in sulA (sfiA) block the filamentation and death of capR (lon) mutants that occur after treatments that either damage DNA or inhibit DNA replication and thereby induce the SOS response. Previous sulA-lacZ gene fusion studies showed that sulA is transcriptionally regulated by the SOS response system (lexA/rec...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.158.2.551-561.1984
更新日期:1984-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lysozyme Chalaropsis, a beta-1,4-N,6-O-diacetylmuramidase, attacks the cell wall murein of Staphylococcus aureus H in a random manner. In hypertonic sucrose solutions, true protoplasts are produced and, in the process, mesosomal tubules are extruded into the medium. ...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.117.2.900-903.1974
更新日期:1974-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transcriptional and enzymatic analyses of Pyrococcus furiosus previously indicated that three proteins play key roles in the metabolism of elemental sulfur (S(0)): a membrane-bound oxidoreductase complex (MBX), a cytoplasmic coenzyme A-dependent NADPH sulfur oxidoreductase (NSR), and sulfur-induced protein A (SipA). D...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.05445-11
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two inhibitors of replicative deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis, nalidixic acid (NAL) and 6-(p-hydroxyphenylazo)-uracil (HPUra), showed different effects on genetic recombination and DNA repair in Bacillus subtilis. Previous work (Pedrini et al., 1972) showed that NAL does not interfere with the transformation pro...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.126.1.108-121.1976
更新日期:1976-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We previously demonstrated that mutation of the staphylococcal accessory regulator (sarA) in a clinical isolate of Staphylococcus aureus (UAMS-1) results in an impaired capacity to form a biofilm in vitro (K. E. Beenken, J. S. Blevins, and M. S. Smeltzer, Infect. Immun. 71:4206-4211, 2003). In this report, we used a m...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.186.14.4665-4684.2004
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sphingomonas wittichii RW1 degrades chlorinated dibenzofurans and dibenzo-p-dioxins via meta cleavage. We used inverse PCR to amplify dxnB2, a gene encoding one of three meta-cleavage product (MCP) hydrolases identified in the organism that are homologues of BphD involved in biphenyl catabolism. Purified DxnB2 catalyz...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.01950-06
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::pdrK encodes a pyridoxine (PN)/pyridoxal (PL)/pyridoxamine (PM) kinase thought to function in the salvage pathway of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) coenzyme biosynthesis. The observation that pdxK null mutants still contain PL kinase activity led to the hypothesis that Escherichia coli K-12 contains at least one other B...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.180.7.1814-1821.1998
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reich, Paul R. (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.), Norman L. Somerson, James A. Rose, and Sherman M. Weissman. Genetic relatedness among mycoplasmas as determined by nucleic acid homology. J. Bacteriol. 91:153-160. 1966.-A sensitive membrane filter method to detect nucleic acid homology was used to determi...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.91.1.153-160.1966
更新日期:1966-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Yersinia pestis is an important human pathogen that is maintained in flea-rodent enzootic cycles in many parts of the world. During its life cycle, Y. pestis senses host-specific environmental cues such as temperature and regulates gene expression appropriately to adapt to the insect or mammalian host. For example, Y....
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.188.4.1381-1388.2006
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eight species representative of the serological diversity of the Mycoplasmatales were tested for their ability to incorporate radiolabeled nucleic acid precursors into acid-insoluble material. Cultures in complex growth medium were centrifuged and resuspended in minimal essential medium (Eagle). For Acholeplasma laidl...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.135.2.483-489.1978
更新日期:1978-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cell walls (LOG walls) were isolated from cultures of Streptococcus faecalis ATCC 9790 in the exponential phase of growth. These walls were either allowed to undergo autolytic dissolution (in the presence or absence of trypsin) or wall autolysis was inactivated with sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS walls). Inactivated walls...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.96.5.1803-1810.1968
更新日期:1968-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Put3p and Gal4p transcriptional activators are members of a distinct class of fungal regulators called the Cys(6) Zn(II)(2) binuclear cluster family. This family includes over 50 different Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteins that share a similar domain organization. Gal4p activates the genes of the galactose utiliza...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.182.13.3748-3753.2000
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Supercoiled double-stranded DNA molecules (plasmids) were isolated from plants infected with three laboratory strains of western aster yellows mycoplasma-like organism (AY-MLO) by using cesium chloride-ethidium bromide density gradients. Southern blot analysis, using plasmids from the severe strain of AY-MLO (SAY-MLO)...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.172.3.1628-1633.1990
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.00916-13
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rebers, P. A. (Rutgers, The State University, New Brunswick, N. J.), E. Hurwitz, M. Heidelberger, and S. Estrada-Parra. Immunochemistry of the pneumococcal types II, V, and VI. III. Tests with derivatives of the specific polysaccharides of types II and VI. J. Bacteriol. 83:335-342. 1962.-The type-specific pneumococcal...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.83.2.335-342.1962
更新日期:1962-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A genetic system was developed to investigate the supercoil structure of bacterial chromosomes. New res-carrying transposons were derived from MudI1734 (MudJr1 and MudJr2) and Tn10 (Tn10dGn). The MudJr1 and MudJr2 elements each have a res site in opposite orientation so that when paired with a Tn10dGn element in the s...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.178.10.2825-2835.1996
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A mutant (pgi) of Coprinus macrorhizus deficient in phosphoglucose isomerase did not grow on fructose and grew poorly on glucose. The pgi mutation inhibited the formation of monokaryotic and dikaryotic fruiting bodies. ...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.144.1.432-434.1980
更新日期:1980-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microarray-based comparisons of three Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates, including one sheep strain and two cattle strains, identified three large genomic deletions in the sheep strain, totaling 29,208 bp and involving 24 open reading frames. These deletions may help explain some of the differences ...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.188.6.2290-2293.2006
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spontaneous mutators of Salmonella typhimurium LT2 were generated by inserting the transposable element Tn5 or Tn10 into the bacterial chromosome. Two mutators mapped at the position of the mutH and mutL loci of S. typhimurium, and two other mutators mapped at positions corresponding to the mutS and uvrD loci of Esche...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.147.3.827-835.1981
更新日期:1981-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, the H303A mutant form of the cbb(3) oxidase (H303A oxidase), which has the H303A mutation in its catalytic subunit (CcoN), was purified from Rhodobacter sphaeroides. The H303A oxidase showed the same catalytic activity as did the wild-type form of the oxidase (WT oxidase). The heme contents of the mutan...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.00443-07
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Agrobacterium tumefaciens R10 was mutagenized by using the promoter probe transposon Tn5-gusA7, and a library of approximately 5,000 transcriptional fusions was screened for octopine-inducible patterns of gene expression. Twenty-one mutants carrying strongly inducible gusA fusions, 20 of which showed defects in the ca...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.178.7.1872-1880.1996
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alginate-producing (mucoid) strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa possess a 54-kDa outer membrane (OM) protein (AlgE) which is missing in nonmucoid bacteria. The coding region of the algE gene from mucoid P. aeruginosa CF3/M1 was subcloned in the expression vector pT7-7 and expressed in Escherichia coli. The level of expr...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.176.18.5639-5647.1994
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A new bacteriocin, termed lactococcin A (LCN-A), from Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris LMG 2130 was purified and sequenced. The polypeptide contained no unusual amino acids and showed no significant sequence similarity to other known proteins. Only lactococci were killed by the bacteriocin. Of more than 120 L. lacti...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.173.12.3879-3887.1991
更新日期:1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A leucine-requiring, rifampin-sensitive strain of Neisseria gonorrhoeae was transformed to a leucine-nonrequiring, rifampin-resistant phenotype with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) obtained from both N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae. The transforming efficiency of the meningococcal DNA was about 10- to 100-fold less tha...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.121.2.471-474.1975
更新日期:1975-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase is an enzyme which converts mevalonate diphosphate to isopentenyl diphosphate, the building block of isoprenoids. We used the Saccharomyces cerevisiae temperature-sensitive mutant defective for mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase previously described (C. Chambon, V. Ladeveve, ...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.179.15.4664-4670.1997
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many pathogenic bacteria translocate virulence factors into their eukaryotic hosts by means of type IV secretion systems (T4SS) spanning the inner and outer membranes. Genes encoding components of these systems have been identified within the order Rickettsiales based upon their sequence similarities to other prototyp...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.00301-20
更新日期:2020-11-04 00:00:00