Abstract：
:White adipose tissue (WAT) lipolysis contributes to energy balance during fasting. Lipolysis can proceed by the sequential hydrolysis of triglycerides (TGs) by adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), then of diacylglycerols (DGs) by hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL). We showed that the combined genetic deficiency of ATGL and HSL in mouse adipose tissue produces a striking different phenotype from that of isolated ATGL deficiency, inconsistent with the linear model of lipolysis. We hypothesized that the mechanism might be functional redundancy between ATGL and HSL. To test this, the TG hydrolase activity of HSL was measured in WAT. HSL showed TG hydrolase activity. Then, to test ATGL for activity towards DGs, radiolabeled DGs were incubated with HSL-deficient lipid droplet fractions. The content of TG increased, suggesting DG-to-TG synthesis rather than DG hydrolysis. TG synthesis was abolished by a specific ATGL inhibitor, suggesting that ATGL functions as a transacylase when HSL is deficient, transferring an acyl group from one DG to another, forming a TG plus a monoglyceride (MG) that could be hydrolyzed by monoglyceride lipase. These results reveal a previously unknown physiological redundancy between ATGL and HSL, a mechanism for the epistatic interaction between Pnpla2 and Lipe. It provides an alternative lipolytic pathway, potentially important in patients with deficient lipolysis.
journal_name
Cellsjournal_title
Cellsauthors
Zhang X,Zhang CC,Yang H,Soni KG,Wang SP,Mitchell GA,Wu JWdoi
10.3390/cells8050395subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-04-29 00:00:00issue
5issn
2073-4409pii
cells8050395journal_volume
8pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
Cells文献大全abstract：:Microautophagy is a type of autophagy. It is characterized by direct enclosing with the vacuolar/lysosomal membrane, which completes the isolation and uptake of cell components in the vacuole. Several publications present evidence that plants exhibit microautophagy. Plant microautophagy is involved in anthocyanin accu...
journal_title：Cells
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/cells9040887
更新日期：2020-04-04 00:00:00
abstract：:Lupus flares when genetically predisposed people encounter exogenous agents such as infections and sun exposure and drugs such as procainamide and hydralazine, but the mechanisms by which these agents trigger the flares has been unclear. Current evidence indicates that procainamide and hydralazine, as well as inflamma...
journal_title：Cells
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/cells8020127
更新日期：2019-02-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Fibrosis is a significant global health problem associated with many inflammatory and degenerative diseases affecting multiple organs, individually or simultaneously. Fibrosis develops when extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling becomes excessive or uncontrolled and is associated with nearly all forms of heart disease....
journal_title：Cells
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/cells9030592
更新日期：2020-03-02 00:00:00
abstract：:Langerhans cells (LC) are the resident antigen presenting cells of the mucosal epithelium and play an essential role in initiating immune responses. LC are the only cells in the body to contain Birbeck granules (BG), which are unique cytoplasmic organelles comprised of c-type lectin langerin. Studies of BG have histor...
journal_title：Cells
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/cells9040974
更新日期：2020-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Glioblastoma multiforme is one of the most malignant types of cancer. This is mainly due to a cell subpopulation with an extremely aggressive potential, called glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs). These cells produce high levels of extracellular adenosine which has been associated with increased chemoresistance, migra...
journal_title：Cells
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/cells9081914
更新日期：2020-08-18 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic inflammation and abnormalities in Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways are associated with major depressive disorder (MDD). Our previous work reported that impaired negative regulators for the TLR pathways are associated with MDD. This study aimed to assess the association between the severity of depres...
journal_title：Cells
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.3390/cells8070647
更新日期：2019-06-27 00:00:00
abstract：:Transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels are ubiquitously expressed in excitable and non-excitable cardiac cells where they sense and respond to a wide variety of physical and chemical stimuli. As other TRP channels, TRPC channels may form homo or heterotetrameric ion channels, and they can associate wit...
journal_title：Cells
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/cells9010173
更新日期：2020-01-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Tumor recurrence after radiotherapy due to the presence of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) is a clinical challenge, and the mechanism remains unclear. Low levels of ROS and enhanced antioxidant defenses are shown to contribute to increasing radioresistance. However, the role of Nrf2-Keap1-Bach1 signaling in the radio...
journal_title：Cells
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/cells10010083
更新日期：2021-01-06 00:00:00
abstract：:During a time span of just a few years, the CD38 antibody, daratumumab, has been established as one of the most important new drugs for the treatment of multiple myeloma, both in the relapsed/refractory setting and, more recently, as a first-line treatment. Although much is known about the pleiotropic modes of action ...
journal_title：Cells
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/cells9020378
更新日期：2020-02-06 00:00:00
abstract：:Alterations in glucose and glutamine utilizing pathways and in fatty acid metabolism are currently considered the most significant and prevalent metabolic changes observed in almost all types of tumors. Glucose, glutamine and fatty acids are the substrates for the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). This metabolic ...
journal_title：Cells
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/cells7060053
更新日期：2018-06-02 00:00:00
abstract：:Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from various sources exhibit different potential for stemness and therapeutic abilities. Recently, we reported a unique MSCs from human palatine tonsil (TMSCs) and their superior proliferation capacity compared to MSCs from other sources. However, unique characteristics of each MSC are...
journal_title：Cells
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/cells9030636
更新日期：2020-03-06 00:00:00
abstract：:Cancer is a complex expression of an altered state of cellular differentiation associated with severe clinical repercussions. The effort to characterize this pathological entity to understand its underlying mechanisms and visualize potential therapeutic strategies has been constant. In this context, some cellular (enh...
journal_title：Cells
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/cells9071612
更新日期：2020-07-03 00:00:00
abstract：:P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is an important determinant of multidrug resistance (MDR) because its overexpression is associated with increased efflux of various established chemotherapy drugs in many clinically resistant and refractory tumors. This leads to insufficient therapeutic targeting of tumor populations, representin...
journal_title：Cells
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/cells8101286
更新日期：2019-10-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are membrane-based sensors that enable rapid communication between cells and their environment. Evidence is now emerging that interdependent regulatory mechanisms, such as membrane trafficking, ubiquitination, proteolysis and gene expression, have substantial effects on RTK signal tran...
journal_title：Cells
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/cells7030022
更新日期：2018-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:In liver transplantation (LT), organ shortage has led to the use of steatotic and non-steatotic grafts from donors after cardiocirculatory death (DCD). However, these grafts, especially those with steatosis, exhibit poor post-operative outcomes. To address this problem, we investigated the roles of gut-derived glucago...
journal_title：Cells
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/cells8121599
更新日期：2019-12-09 00:00:00
abstract：:RhoBTB proteins constitute a subfamily of atypical Rho GTPases represented in mammals by RhoBTB1, RhoBTB2, and RhoBTB3. Their characteristic feature is a carboxyl terminal extension that harbors two BTB domains capable of assembling cullin 3-dependent ubiquitin ligase complexes. The expression of all three RHOBTB gene...
journal_title：Cells
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/cells5020028
更新日期：2016-06-14 00:00:00
abstract：:Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is strongly correlated with tumor metastasis and contains several protein markers, such as E-cadherin. Carbonic anhydrase III (CA III) exhibits low carbon dioxide hydratase activity in cancer. However, the detailed mechanisms of CA III and their roles in oral cancer are still un...
journal_title：Cells
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/cells9030704
更新日期：2020-03-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have important roles in regenerative medicine, but only a few studies have investigated the cytokines secreted by hESCs. We screened and identified chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 14 (CXCL14), which plays crucial roles in hESC renewal. CXCL14, a C-X-C motif chemokine, is also named as...
journal_title：Cells
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/cells9071706
更新日期：2020-07-16 00:00:00
abstract：:Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has emerged as a major cause of cancer-related death and is the most common type of liver cancer. Due to the current paucity of drugs for HCC therapy there is a pressing need to develop new therapeutic concepts. In recent years, the role of Serum Response Factor (SRF) and its coactivator...
journal_title：Cells
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/cells9122540
更新日期：2020-11-25 00:00:00
abstract：:MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNA molecules, are responsible for RNA silencing and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. They can mediate a fine-tuned crosstalk among coding and non-coding RNA molecules sharing miRNA response elements (MREs). In a suitable environment, both coding and n...
journal_title：Cells
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/cells9071574
更新日期：2020-06-28 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Regenerative therapies based on autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) as well as stem cells in general are still facing an unmet need for non-invasive sampling, availability, and scalability. The only known adult source of autologous MSCs permanently available with no pain, discomfort, or infection risk is...
journal_title：Cells
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/cells9092069
更新日期：2020-09-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Therapies intended to mitigate cardiovascular complications cannot be applied in practice without detailed knowledge of molecular mechanisms. Mitochondria, as the end-effector of cardioprotection, represent one of the possible therapeutic approaches. The present review provides an overview of factors affecting the reg...
journal_title：Cells
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/cells8111449
更新日期：2019-11-17 00:00:00
abstract：:Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating autoimmune disease primarily affecting young adults. Despite an unclear causal factor, symptoms and pathology arise from the infiltration of peripheral immune cells across the blood brain barrier. Accounting for the largest fraction of this infiltrate, macrophages are...
journal_title：Cells
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/cells8060543
更新日期：2019-06-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Myelination of neuronal axons is essential for proper brain functioning and requires mature myelinating oligodendrocytes (myOLs). The human OL cell lines HOG and MO3.13 have been widely used as in vitro models to study OL (dys) functioning. Here we applied a number of protocols aimed at differentiating HOG and MO3.13 ...
journal_title：Cells
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/cells8091096
更新日期：2019-09-17 00:00:00
abstract：:Autophagy is a eukaryotic catabolic pathway that degrades and recycles cellular components to maintain homeostasis. It can target protein aggregates, superfluous biomolecular complexes, dysfunctional and damaged organelles, as well as pathogenic intracellular microbes. Autophagy is a dynamic process in which the diffe...
journal_title：Cells
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/cells6030018
更新日期：2017-07-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Stefin B (cystatin B) is an intracellular inhibitor of cysteine cathepsins and mutations in the stefin B gene, resulting in the development of Unverricht-Lundborg disease, which is a form of myoclonic epilepsy. It was suggested that a key mechanism behind stefin B-mediated disease progression was impaired redox homeos...
journal_title：Cells
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/cells8121476
更新日期：2019-11-21 00:00:00
abstract：:During strong parallel fiber stimulation, glutamate released at parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses activates type-1 metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR1) to trigger a slow excitatory postsynaptic current (sEPSC) in cerebellar Purkinje neurons. The sEPSC is mediated by transient receptor potential canonical 3 (TR...
journal_title：Cells
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/cells7080090
更新日期：2018-07-29 00:00:00
abstract：:The Drosophila ovary offers a suitable model system to study the mechanisms that orchestrate diverse cellular processes. Oogenesis starts from asymmetric stem cell division, proper differentiation and the production of fully patterned oocytes equipped with all the maternal information required for embryogenesis. Spati...
journal_title：Cells
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/cells9020274
更新日期：2020-01-22 00:00:00
abstract：:The tumor microenvironment is a complex ecosystem comprised of many different cell types, abnormal vasculature and immunosuppressive cytokines. The irregular growth kinetics with which tumors grow leads to increased oxygen consumption and, in turn, hypoxic conditions. Hypoxia has been associated with poor clinical out...
journal_title：Cells
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/cells9040992
更新日期：2020-04-16 00:00:00
abstract：:Approximately 3 × 1017 DNA damage events take place per hour in the human body. Within clustered DNA lesions, they pose a serious problem for repair proteins, especially for iron-sulfur glycosylases (MutyH), which can recognize them by the electron-transfer process. It has been found that the presence of both 5',8-cyc...
journal_title：Cells
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/cells9020424
更新日期：2020-02-12 00:00:00
