Abstract:
:A defined substrate method was developed to simultaneously enumerate total coliforms and Escherichia coli from drinking waters without the need for confirmatory or completed tests. It is a new method based on technology that uses a hydrolyzable substrate as a specific indicator-nutrient for the target microbes. No equipment other than a 35 degrees C incubator and long-wavelength (366-nm) light is necessary. To perform the test, one only has to add water to the powdered ingredients in a tube or flask. If total coliforms are present in the water sample, the solution will change from its normal colorless state (no target microbes present) to yellow. The specific presence of E. coli will cause the same tube to fluoresce under a longwave (366-nm) UV lamp. The test, called Autoanalysis Colilert (AC), was compared with Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater 10-tube multiple tube fermentation (MTF) in a national evaluation. Five utilities, representing six U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regions, participated. All water samples came from distribution systems. Split samples from a wide variety of water sources were analyzed for the MPN-versus-MPN comparison. A total of 1,086 tubes were positive by MTF, and 1,279 were positive by AC. There was no statistical difference between MTF and AC. Species identifications from positive tubes confirmed the sensitivity of the AC. A national evaluation of the AC test showed that it: (i) was as sensitive as Standard Methods MTF, (ii) specifically enumerated 1 total coliform per 100 ml, in a maximum of 24 h, (iii) simultaneously enumerated 1 E. coli per 100 ml in the same analysis, (iv) was not subject to false-positive or false-negative results by heterotrophic bacteria, (v) did not require confirmatory tests, (vi) grew injured coliforms, (vii) was easy to inoculate, and (viii) was very easy to interpret.
journal_name
Appl Environ Microbioljournal_title
Applied and environmental microbiologyauthors
Edberg SC,Allen MJ,Smith DBdoi
10.1128/AEM.54.6.1595-1601.1988subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1988-06-01 00:00:00pages
1595-601issue
6eissn
0099-2240issn
1098-5336journal_volume
54pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Laccase is a copper-containing phenoloxidase, involved in lignin degradation by white rot fungi. The laccase substrate range can be extended to include nonphenolic lignin subunits in the presence of a noncatalytic cooxidant such as 2, 2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS), with ABTS being oxidized to t...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.64.6.2026-2031.1998
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mannitol, a six-carbon sugar alcohol, is the main storage carbon in the button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus. Given the physiological importance of mannitol metabolism in growth, fruit body development, and salt tolerance of A. bisporus, the enzyme responsible for mannitol biosynthesis, NADP-dependent mannitol dehydroge...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.64.12.4689-4696.1998
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.37.3.399-401.1979
更新日期:1979-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01741-12
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00686-10
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.69.11.6856-6863.2003
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.68.12.6152-6161.2002
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.61.4.1399-1407.1995
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.63.10.4116-4119.1997
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00080-12
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.03123-16
更新日期:2017-03-02 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.72.4.2359-2365.2006
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00750-07
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01332-19
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.32.1.75-79.1976
更新日期:1976-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.59.1.330-333.1993
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A screen of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae deletion strain set was performed to identify genes affecting hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) production. Mutants were screened using two assays: colony color on BiGGY agar, which detects the basal level of sulfite reductase activity, and production of H(2)S in a synthetic juice mediu...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01758-07
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.64.8.2780-2787.1998
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.70.9.5119-5131.2004
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.69.6.3069-3076.2003
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.41.6.1482-1483.1981
更新日期:1981-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Examination of Listeria monocytogenes prevalence among ready-to-eat foods in Japan revealed frequent (5.7 to 12.1%) contamination of minced tuna and fish roe products, and the isolates had the same virulence levels as clinical isolates in terms of invasion efficiency and infectivity in cell cultures and a murine infec...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01456-09
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacterial diversity in a deep-sea sediment was investigated by constructing actinobacterium-specific 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) clone libraries from sediment sections taken 5 to 12, 15 to 18, and 43 to 46 cm below the sea floor at a depth of 3,814 m. Clones were placed into operational taxonomic unit (OTU) groups with >...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.69.10.6189-6200.2003
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The undefined microbial floras derived from the surface of ripe cheese which are used for the ripening of commercial red smear cheeses have a strong impact on the growth of Listeria spp. In some cases, these microbial consortia inhibit Listeria almost completely. From such undefined industrial cheese-ripening floras, ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.63.12.4812-4817.1997
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We screened an Aspergillus tubingensis expression library constructed in the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis for xylogalacturonan-hydrolyzing activity in microwell plates by using a bicinchoninic acid assay. This assay detects reducing carbohydrate groups when they are released from a carbohydrate by enzymatic activity. Tw...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.66.1.36-41.2000
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sporulation of Bacillus larvae NRRL B-3650 occurred only at aeration rates lower than those used for cultivation of most Bacillus species. One possible explanation for the requirement for a low level of aeration in B. larvae is that toxic forms of oxygen such as H(2)O(2) and superoxide are involved. The superoxide dis...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.47.6.1228-1237.1984
更新日期:1984-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::There are a number of genetic tools available for studying Francisella tularensis, the etiological agent of tularemia; however, there is no effective inducible or repressible gene expression system. Here, we describe inducible and repressible gene expression systems for F. tularensis based on the Tet repressor, TetR. ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01679-12
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The neutral red (NR) cell viability assay was used with various cell types of human origin to quantitate the potency of T-2 mycotoxin and its metabolites. The human melanoma SK-Mel/27 cell line was the most sensitive, with a midpoint cytotoxicity value of 2.8 ng of T-2 per ml. With the human hepatoma cell line, HepG2,...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.57.7.2101-2103.1991
更新日期:1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gaeumannomyces graminis, the causative agent of take-all disease of wheat, barley, and oats, was detected in infected wheat seedlings by using the polymerase chain reaction to amplify Gaeumannomyces-specific DNA fragments. Nested primers and two rounds of amplification were used to amplify two fragments, approximately...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.57.2.553-556.1991
更新日期:1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The root-colonizing bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0 was used to construct an oxygen-responsive biosensor. An anaerobically inducible promoter of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which depends on the FNR (fumarate and nitrate reductase regulation)-like transcriptional regulator ANR (anaerobic regulation of arginine deimi...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.65.9.4085-4093.1999
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00