A Review on Functional Analyses of Tics.

Abstract:

:Tic disorders are characterized by a class of responses assumed to be neurobiological in origin. Still, several studies have shown that tic frequency can be influenced by antecedent environmental events and social consequences. Prior reviews have summarized the effects of environmental events but have not examined relations between tic diagnosis, behavioral deficits (e.g., intellectual disability), tic topography, and the consequences observed to maintain tics. These variables might be important when attempting to predict or identify relevant consequences. A more thorough understanding of the variables that maintain and give rise to tics might also be useful in predicting responsiveness to treatment and intervention refinement. We reviewed and summarized results from the 13 attempts to experimentally identify maintaining consequences for tics (i.e., functional analyses) that have been published to date. We examined patterns of functions across tic diagnoses (i.e., Tourette's syndrome or not), communication impairments (i.e., an intellectual disability or reported language difficulty), and tic topography. Results suggested that individuals with Tourette's syndrome and those without communication impairments are more likely to have functional analysis outcomes consistent with automatic reinforcement, but exceptions in both directions highlight the utility of functional analysis in treating tics.

journal_name

Behav Modif

journal_title

Behavior modification

authors

Goldman KJ,DeLeon IG

doi

10.1177/0145445518809046

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2020-03-01 00:00:00

pages

296-315

issue

2

eissn

0145-4455

issn

1552-4167

journal_volume

44

pub_type

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