Abstract:
:The T-cell receptor is a cell surface heterodimer consisting of an alpha and a beta chain that binds foreign antigen in the context of a cell surface molecule encoded by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), thus restricting the T-cell response to the surface of antigen presenting cells. The variable (V) domain of the receptor binds antigen and MHC molecules and is composed of distinct regions encoded by separate gene elements--variable (V alpha and V beta), diversity (D beta) and joining (J alpha and J beta)--rearranged and joined during T-cell differentiation to generate contiguous V alpha and V beta genes. T-helper cells, which facilitate T and B cell responses, bind antigen in the context of a class II MHC molecule. The helper T-cell response to cytochrome c in mice is a well-defined model for studying the T-cell response to restricted antigen and MHC determinants. Only mice expressing certain class II molecules can respond to this antigen (Ek alpha Ek beta, Ek alpha Eb beta, Ev alpha Ev beta and Ek alpha Es beta). Most T cells appear to recognize the C-terminal peptide of cytochrome c (residues 81-104 in pigeon cytochrome c). We have raised helper T cells to pigeon cytochrome c or its C-terminal peptide analogues in four different MHC congenic strains of mice encoding each of the four responding class II molecules. We have isolated and sequenced seven V alpha genes and six V beta genes and analysed seven additional helper T cells by Northern blot to compare the structure of the V alpha and V beta gene segments with their antigen and MHC specificities. We have added five examples taken from the literature. These data show that a single V alpha gene segment is responsible for a large part of the response of mice to cytochrome c but there is no simple correlation of MHC restriction with gene segment use.
journal_name
Naturejournal_title
Natureauthors
Winoto A,Urban JL,Lan NC,Goverman J,Hood L,Hansburg Ddoi
10.1038/324679a0subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1986-12-18 00:00:00pages
679-82issue
6098eissn
0028-0836issn
1476-4687journal_volume
324pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NATURE文献大全abstract::The visual system analyses information by decomposing complex objects into simple components (visual features) that are widely distributed across the cortex. When several objects are present simultaneously in the visual field, a mechanism is required to group (bind) together visual features that belong to each object ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/28166
更新日期:1998-07-09 00:00:00
abstract::It has long been thought that mature oligodendrocytes in the adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS) are post-mitotic and are unable to proliferate in response to injury. The implications of this have been profound, because it has been suggested that this failure of oligodendrocytes to undergo mitosis is perhaps ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/308274a0
更新日期:1984-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Trypanosomes of the species Trypanosoma brucei reproduce primarily by binary fission, but the frequency of enzyme electrophoretic variants in natural populations of T. brucei has provided indirect evidence for the existence of a sexual cycle. These studies, coupled with studies of restriction fragment length polymorph...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/322173a0
更新日期:1986-07-10 00:00:00
abstract::Strong interactions between electrons in a solid material can lead to surprising properties. A prime example is the Mott insulator, in which suppression of conductivity occurs as a result of interactions rather than a filled Bloch band. Proximity to the Mott insulating phase in fermionic systems is the origin of many ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature07244
更新日期:2008-09-11 00:00:00
abstract::The antigen receptors on mature B lymphocytes are membrane-bound immunoglobulins of the IgM and IgD classes whose cross-linking by polyvalent antigens results in B-cell proliferation and differentiation. How these membrane-bound immunoglobulin chains, which lack a cytoplasmic tail, generate a cell activation signal is...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/343760a0
更新日期:1990-02-22 00:00:00
abstract::An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper. ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 已发布勘误
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2351-4
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The primary function of the adenovirus E1A-region genes is to activate other adenoviral genes during a permissive viral infection by modifying the host cell transcriptional apparatus. Host cell immortalization, or transformation by the whole adenoviral early region, presumably results as a consequence of these modific...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/332553a0
更新日期:1988-04-07 00:00:00
abstract::Zika virus (ZIKV) is a flavivirus that is responsible for the current epidemic in Brazil and the Americas. ZIKV has been causally associated with fetal microcephaly, intrauterine growth restriction, and other birth defects in both humans and mice. The rapid development of a safe and effective ZIKV vaccine is a global ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature18952
更新日期:2016-08-25 00:00:00
abstract::The study of the extent and basis of gene-enzyme variation has long been a principal concern of population genetics. Numerous surveys have indicated considerable amounts of genetic variation detectable in natural populations, with few exceptions. The variances of average heterozygosities (H) between species and among ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/288580a0
更新日期:1980-12-11 00:00:00
abstract::The evolution of animal personalities is a topic of primary importance in behavioural ecology. An intriguing empirical fact is the consistency of animal responses to repeated stresses or threats. Wolf et al. propose an evolutionary model to explain the emergence of consistent personalities. They show that a population...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature06743
更新日期:2008-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::Topological states of matter are characterized by topological invariants, which are physical quantities whose values are quantized and do not depend on the details of the system (such as its shape, size and impurities). Of these quantities, the easiest to probe is the electrical Hall conductance, and fractional values...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0184-1
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A new system has been developed for measuring the forces produced by a small number (less than 5-150) of myosin molecules interacting with a single actin filament in vitro. The technique can resolve forces of less than a piconewton and has a time resolution in the submillisecond range. It can thus detect fluctuations ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/352301a0
更新日期:1991-07-25 00:00:00
abstract::Concentrating urine is mandatory for most mammals to prevent water loss from the body. Concentrated urine is produced in response to vasopressin by the transepithelial recovery of water from the lumen of the kidney collecting tubule through highly water-permeable membranes. In this nephron segment, vasopressin regulat...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/361549a0
更新日期:1993-02-11 00:00:00
abstract::During platelet activation there is a major reorganization in the platelet cytoskeleton that accompanies a rapid change in platelet shape. Many of the events associated with activation are attributed to a rise in calcium concentration within the platelet cytoplasm. One direct consequence of the elevated calcium is the...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/317449a0
更新日期:1985-10-03 00:00:00
abstract::Ten eleven translocation (TET) enzymes, including TET1, TET2 and TET3, convert 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and regulate gene transcription. However, the molecular mechanism by which TET family enzymes regulate gene transcription remains elusive. Using protein affinity purification, here we search for f...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature11742
更新日期:2013-01-24 00:00:00
abstract::Hydrodynamic flow in classical and quantum fluids can be either laminar or turbulent. Vorticity in turbulent flow is often modelled with vortex filaments. While this represents an idealization in classical fluids, vortices are topologically stable quantized objects in superfluids. Superfluid turbulence is therefore th...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature01880
更新日期:2003-08-28 00:00:00
abstract::The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated enzyme Cas9 is an RNA-guided endonuclease that uses RNA-DNA base-pairing to target foreign DNA in bacteria. Cas9-guide RNA complexes are also effective genome engineering agents in animals and plants. Here we use single-molecule and bulk...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature13011
更新日期:2014-03-06 00:00:00
abstract::β-arrestins are critical regulator and transducer proteins for G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). β-arrestin is widely believed to be activated by forming a stable and stoichiometric GPCR-β-arrestin scaffold complex, which requires and is driven by the phosphorylated tail of the GPCR. Here we demonstrate a distinct ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0079-1
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A short exposure of primary cultures of mouse mammary tumour cells to glucocorticoids results in at least a three-fold stimulation of mammary tumour virus (MTV) production. Specific interaction of glucocorticoids with the cytoplasmic and nuclear receptors can also be demonstrated. The biological potency of various ste...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/262107a0
更新日期:1976-07-08 00:00:00
abstract::Small synthetic molecules called growth-hormone secretagogues (GHSs) stimulate the release of growth hormone (GH) from the pituitary. They act through GHS-R, a G-protein-coupled receptor for which the ligand is unknown. Recent cloning of GHS-R strongly suggests that an endogenous ligand for the receptor does exist and...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/45230
更新日期:1999-12-09 00:00:00
abstract::In this Letter, errors in Supplementary Table 1 have been corrected. ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章,已发布勘误
doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0573-5
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ants travelling to and fro between their nest and a foraging area may follow stereotyped foodward and homeward routes that are guided by different visual and directional memory sequences. Honeybees are known to fly a feeder-to-hive or hive-to-feeder vector according to whether or not they have recently fed--their feed...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/438302a
更新日期:2005-11-17 00:00:00
abstract::Chemokines are chemotactic cytokines that activate and direct the migration of leukocytes. There are two subfamilies, the CXC and the CC chemokines. We recently found that the CXC-chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) is a highly efficacious lymphocyte chemoattractant. Chemokines act on responsive leukocyte ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/382829a0
更新日期:1996-08-29 00:00:00
abstract::Sounds heard over headphones are typically perceived inside the head (internalized), unlike real sound sources which are perceived outside the head (externalized). If the acoustical waveforms from a real sound source are reproduced precisely using headphones, auditory images are appropriately externalized and localize...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/25526
更新日期:1998-12-24 00:00:00
abstract::Although it has been proposed that the activation of T lymphocytes is mediated by an early rise in cytosolic calcium concentration, it has not been possible to mimic antigen- or mitogen-induced mouse lymphocyte activation by calcium ionophores that bypass receptor-mediated processes. There is now evidence from other s...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/313318a0
更新日期:1985-01-24 00:00:00
abstract::Our understanding of Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis is currently limited by difficulties in obtaining live neurons from patients and the inability to model the sporadic form of the disease. It may be possible to overcome these challenges by reprogramming primary cells from patients into induced pluripotent stem cell...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature10821
更新日期:2012-01-25 00:00:00
abstract::Pathfinding by growing axons in the developing nervous system is guided by diffusible or bound factors that attract or repel the axonal growth cone. The cytoplasmic signalling mechanisms that trigger the responses of the growth cone to guidance factors are mostly unknown. Previous studies have shown that the level and...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/47507
更新日期:2000-01-06 00:00:00
abstract::Pairwise recognition of splice sites as a result of a scanning mechanism is an attractive model to explain the coordination of vertebrate splicing. Such a mechanism would predict a polarity-of-site recognition in the scanned unit, but no evidence for a polarity gradient across introns has been found. We have suggested...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/360277a0
更新日期:1992-11-19 00:00:00
abstract::Patchwork homology observed between divergent members of polymorphic multigene families is thought to reflect evolution by short-tract gene conversion (nonreciprocal recombination), although this mechanism cannot usually be confirmed in higher organisms. In contrast to meiotic conversions observed in laboratory yeast ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/347192a0
更新日期:1990-09-13 00:00:00
abstract::A grand challenge of systems biology is to predict the kinetic responses of living systems to perturbations starting from the underlying molecular interactions. Changes in the nutrient environment have long been used to study regulation and adaptation phenomena in microorganisms and they remain a topic of active inves...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature24299
更新日期:2017-11-02 00:00:00