Abstract:
:There is growing recognition that mammalian cells produce many thousands of large intergenic transcripts. However, the functional significance of these transcripts has been particularly controversial. Although there are some well-characterized examples, most (>95%) show little evidence of evolutionary conservation and have been suggested to represent transcriptional noise. Here we report a new approach to identifying large non-coding RNAs using chromatin-state maps to discover discrete transcriptional units intervening known protein-coding loci. Our approach identified approximately 1,600 large multi-exonic RNAs across four mouse cell types. In sharp contrast to previous collections, these large intervening non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) show strong purifying selection in their genomic loci, exonic sequences and promoter regions, with greater than 95% showing clear evolutionary conservation. We also developed a functional genomics approach that assigns putative functions to each lincRNA, demonstrating a diverse range of roles for lincRNAs in processes from embryonic stem cell pluripotency to cell proliferation. We obtained independent functional validation for the predictions for over 100 lincRNAs, using cell-based assays. In particular, we demonstrate that specific lincRNAs are transcriptionally regulated by key transcription factors in these processes such as p53, NFkappaB, Sox2, Oct4 (also known as Pou5f1) and Nanog. Together, these results define a unique collection of functional lincRNAs that are highly conserved and implicated in diverse biological processes.
journal_name
Naturejournal_title
Natureauthors
Guttman M,Amit I,Garber M,French C,Lin MF,Feldser D,Huarte M,Zuk O,Carey BW,Cassady JP,Cabili MN,Jaenisch R,Mikkelsen TS,Jacks T,Hacohen N,Bernstein BE,Kellis M,Regev A,Rinn JL,Lander ESdoi
10.1038/nature07672subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-03-12 00:00:00pages
223-7issue
7235eissn
0028-0836issn
1476-4687pii
nature07672journal_volume
458pub_type
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