Abstract:
:Differences in acid tolerance among representative oral streptococci were found to be related more closely to the dynamic permeabilities of the bacteria to protons than to differences in the sensitivities of cell membranes to gross damage caused by environmental acidification. For Streptococcus mutans GS-5, Streptococcus sanguis NCTC 10904, and Streptococcus salivarius ATCC 13419, gross membrane damage, indicated by the release of magnesium from whole cells, occurred at pH values below about 4 and was rapid and extensive at pH values of about 3 or less. A more aciduric, lactic acid bacterium, Lactobacillus casei ATCC 4646, was more resistant to environmental acidification, and gross membrane damage was evident only at pH values below 3. Assessments of the movements of protons into S. mutans cells after an acid pulse at various pH values indicated that permeability to protons was minimal at a pH value of about 5, at which the average half time for pH equilibration across the cell membrane was about 12 min. The corresponding values for the less aciduric organism S. sanguis were pH 7 and 8.2 min, and the values for the intermediate organism S. salivarius were pH 6 and 6.6 min. The ATPase inhibitor dicyclohexylcarbodiimide acted to increase markedly the permeability of each organism to protons, and this action indicated that permeability involved not only the passive inflow of protons but also active outflow through the proton-translocating membrane ATPase. Membranes were isolated from each of the bacteria, and pH profiles for ATPase activities indicated pH optima of about 7.5, 7.0, 6.0, and 5.0 for S. sanguis, S. salivarius, S. mutans, and L. casei, respectively. Thus, the pH profiles for the enzymes reflected the acid tolerances of the bacteria and the permeabilities of whole cells to protons.
journal_name
Infect Immunjournal_title
Infection and immunityauthors
Bender GR,Sutton SV,Marquis REdoi
10.1128/IAI.53.2.331-338.1986subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1986-08-01 00:00:00pages
331-8issue
2eissn
0019-9567issn
1098-5522journal_volume
53pub_type
杂志文章abstract::After transmission by Anopheles mosquitoes, Plasmodium sporozoites travel to the liver, infect hepatocytes, and rapidly develop as intrahepatocytic liver stages (LS). Rodent models of malaria exhibit large differences in the magnitude of liver infection, both between parasite species and between strains of mice. This ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.02230-14
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Immunoglobulin G (IgG)- and IgM-specific antibody titers against Salmonella typhi Ty2 porins have been measured in 30 paired typhoid sera by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. These studies have found that IgG serum titers of acute and convalescent sera were 625 and 5,000 times higher, respectively than the control se...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.52.1.209-212.1986
更新日期:1986-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::PspC was found to bind human complement factor H (FH) by Western blot analysis of D39 (pspC(+)) and an isogenic mutant TRE108 (pspC). We confirmed that PspA does not bind FH, while purified PspC binds FH very strongly. The binding of FH to exponentially growing pneumococci varied among different isolates when analyzed...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.69.5.3435-3437.2001
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The extracellular adherence protein (Eap) is a multifunctional Staphylococcus aureus protein and broad-spectrum adhesin for several host matrix and plasma proteins. We investigated the interactions of full-length Eap and five recombinant tandem repeat domains with host proteins by use of surface plasmon resonance (BIA...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00480-08
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mammalian hosts often develop distinct immune response against the diverse parasitic helminths that have evolved for immune evasion. Interleukin-25 (IL-25), an IL-17 cytokine family member, plays a key role in initiating the protective immunity against several parasitic helminths; however, the involvement and underlyi...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00646-13
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The bacterium Listeria monocytogenes causes meningoencephalitis in humans. In rodents, listeriosis is associated with granulomatous lesions in the liver and the spleen, but not with meningoencephalitis. Here, infant rats were infected intracisternally to generate experimental listeric meningoencephalitis. Dose-depende...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.69.6.4086-4093.2001
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cultured mammalian cells extend the time of survival of Treponema pallidum (Nichols strain). Various parameters that have been previously shown to enhance treponemal survival in vitro were examined for influences on the interaction of T. pallidum with cultured cells. With cells derived from normal rabbit testes, the t...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.15.2.444-452.1977
更新日期:1977-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tuberculous pleurisy allows the study of human cells at the site of active Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. In this study, we found that among pleural fluid (PF) lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells are a major source of early gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) upon M. tuberculosis stimulation, leading us to investig...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00381-07
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacterial superantigens (SAgs) have been implicated in inflammatory disease, and SAg-treated mice have increased jejunal T cells. Here we show that T84 cells (a human epithelial cell line) display increased MCP-1 and RANTES mRNA expression and protein production in response to conditioned medium from Staphylococcus au...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.67.11.6198-6202.1999
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::When immunocompetent mice are inoculated with Borrelia burgdorferi, they develop acute arthritis and carditis that undergo spontaneous regression despite the persistence of infection. Specific T- and/or B-cell immunity appears to be necessary for resolution of disease manifestations. Humoral immune responses to B. bur...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.61.5.2104-2107.1993
更新日期:1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We found that oral immunization with flagellum-defective mutant strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium with the ClpXP-deficient background protected mice against oral challenge with the virulent strain. These data indicate that Salmonella flagellin is not a dominant protective antigen in oral immunization ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/iai.72.4.2449-2451.2004
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Five monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were partially characterized and tested for their ability to inhibit penetration of Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells by sporozoites of Eimeria bovis. By indirect fluorescent-antibody assays, all MAbs reacted with acetone-fixed sporozoites, but only two MAbs, EbS9 (immunoglobulin...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.56.10.2538-2543.1988
更新日期:1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains to resist the bactericidal activity of serum was quantitated. The K. pneumoniae strains tested included mutants lacking the capsular polysaccharide and mutants having a modified lipopolysaccharide structure. The last mutants were obtained as phage-resistant mutants, and the...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.54.1.85-89.1986
更新日期:1986-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fifteen clinical isolates of Trichomonas vaginalis were evaluated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with transfer to nitrocellulose and by immunoblots probed with human sera. All T. vaginalis isolates showed similar banding patterns by Coomassie brilliant blue and silver staining of the elec...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.51.1.250-253.1986
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bordetella bronchiseptica is a Gram-negative bacterium that infects and causes disease in a wide variety of animals. B. bronchiseptica also infects humans, thereby demonstrating zoonotic transmission. An extensive characterization of human B. bronchiseptica isolates is needed to better understand the distinct genetic ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.01453-13
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Extracytoplasmic proteins were released from Serpulina (Treponema) hyodysenteriae (strain B204) by treatment of whole cells with a nonionic detergent (Tween 20). Centrifugation of the Tween 20-released proteins at 100,000 x g sedimented 10 major extracytoplasmic proteins with approximate molecular masses of 44, 43.5, ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.63.1.142-148.1995
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Colostrum was collected and pooled from each of five cows in three experimental groups: group I cows received intramuscular and intramammary inoculations of adjuvanted modified live Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center rotavirus vaccine; group II cows were injected intramuscularly with a commercial modifi...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.41.3.1118-1131.1983
更新日期:1983-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Potassium thiocyanate extracts of a virulent Pasteurella multocida 3:A rabbit isolate were prepared and used as a vaccine in rabbits. The extract contained protein, carbohydrate, hyaluronic acid, lipopolysaccharide, DNA, and RNA. The protein and lipopolysaccharide profiles of the extract were similar to those of the P...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.55.12.2967-2976.1987
更新日期:1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bartonella bacilliformis is the etiologic agent of Oroya fever in humans. Flagellum-mediated motility has been postulated as a major virulence factor for invasion of host cells. To address this hypothesis, we purified and characterized flagella from strain KC584 and then assessed their role in human erythrocyte associ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.61.12.4962-4971.1993
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis patterns of proteins and externally exposed labeled surface constituents were analyzed in promastigotes of three etiological agents of kala azar (Leishmania donovani, HS70 strain from India; L. chagasi, Imperatriz strain from Brazil; L. infantum, ITMPA K263 str...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.50.1.136-141.1985
更新日期:1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Guinea pig peritoneal or alveolar macrophages were inoculated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae cells. Extracellular mycoplasms were killed by complement treatment, and the effect of macrophage action on the number of the remaining viable mycoplasmas was observed. The complement killing was to some extent inhibited by the pr...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.25.1.11-15.1979
更新日期:1979-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pattern of meningococcal surface structure expression in different microenvironments following bloodstream invasion in vivo is not known. We used immunohistochemistry to determine the expression of capsule, type IV pili, and PorA by meningococci residing in the skin lesions of children with purpura fulminans. All ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/iai.70.9.5193-5201.2002
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies found that normal human serum (NHS) contains an immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody that mediates initiation of the classical complement pathway by nonencapsulated Cryptococcus neoformans. The present study used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with whole nonencapsulated yeast cells as solid-phase ant...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.62.1.215-220.1994
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pyolysin (PLO), the hemolytic exotoxin expressed by Arcanobacterium (Actinomyces) pyogenes, is a member of the thiol-activated cytolysin family of bacterial toxins. Insertional inactivation of the plo gene results in loss of expression of PLO with a concomitant loss in hemolytic activity. The plo mutant, PLO-1, has an...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::An improved enterocyte adhesion assay has been used to examine a collection of 44 strains of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) for their ability to adhere to the brush border of isolated human duodenal enterocytes. Fourteen strains showed good adhesion; in each case the ability to adhere correlated with the prod...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.48.3.824-831.1985
更新日期:1985-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Brucella organisms are intracellular stealth pathogens of animals and humans. The bacteria overcome the assault of innate immunity at early stages of an infection. Removal of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) at the onset of adaptive immunity against Brucella abortus favored bacterial elimination in mice. This was ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00118-19
更新日期:2019-04-23 00:00:00
abstract::Capsular glucuronoxylomannans (GXM) of Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans isolates from patients with recurrent cryptococcal meningitis were analyzed by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and for reactivity with factor sera (Iatron, Tokyo, Japan). For each patient the initial and relapse isolates had prev...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.63.5.1899-1905.1995
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Strains Inaba 569B and Ogawa B1307 of Vibrio cholerae were grown in shaken Casamino Acids-yeast extract-glucose medium at 30 and 37 C for 4 days. Time courses of production of neuraminidase (NM), mucinase (MC), proteinase (PR), lytic factor (LF), and vascular permeability factor (PF) were compared by examining culture...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1970-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The literature on chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis contains multiple reports which suggest that loss of cell-mediated immunity in this disease may be related in part to the presence of an inhibitory factor(s) present in patient plasma. One such inhibitory factor has been suggested to be mannan polysaccharide released...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.43.3.1041-1046.1984
更新日期:1984-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A gene encoding a heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) from an Escherichia coli strain isolated from a human with diarrhea was cloned and characterized by nucleotide sequence analysis. The gene was found to be partially homologous to a previously characterized ST gene from an E. coli strain of bovine origin. Hybridization stu...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.39.3.1167-1174.1983
更新日期:1983-03-01 00:00:00