Structure of paused transcription complex Pol II-DSIF-NELF.

abstract：:Understanding the behaviour of the dielectric constant in ferroelectric thin films remains a challenging problem. These ferroelectric materials have high static dielectric constants, and so are important for their applications in high-storage-density capacitor structures such as dynamic random access memory (DRAM). Bu...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Sirenko AA,Bernhard C,Golnik A,Clark AM,Hao J,Si W,Xi XX

更新日期：2000-03-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) promotes the survival of several populations of neurons, including sensory and motor neurons. Although CNTF is abundant in adult sciatic nerve, the mature protein lacks a signal sequence and is not secreted; therefore, it has been proposed to act as a lesion factor. The identificatio...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Curtis R,Adryan KM,Zhu Y,Harkness PJ,Lindsay RM,DiStefano PS

更新日期：1993-09-16 00:00:00

abstract：:It is of fundamental importance to establish whether there is a limit to how thin a superconducting wire can be, while retaining its superconducting character--and if there is a limit, to determine what sets it. This issue may also be of practical importance in defining the limit to miniaturization of superconducting ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Bezryadin A,Lau CN,Tinkham M

更新日期：2000-04-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Considerable evidence points to a role for G1 cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) in allowing the accumulation of E2F transcription factor activity and induction of the S phase of the cell cycle. Numerous experiments have also demonstrated a critical role for both Myc and Ras activities in allowing cell-cycle progression. H...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Leone G,DeGregori J,Sears R,Jakoi L,Nevins JR

更新日期：1997-05-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Important Ca2+ signals in the cytosol and organelles are often extremely localized and hard to measure. To overcome this problem we have constructed new fluorescent indicators for Ca2+ that are genetically encoded without cofactors and are targetable to specific intracellular locations. We have dubbed these fluorescen...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Miyawaki A,Llopis J,Heim R,McCaffery JM,Adams JA,Ikura M,Tsien RY

更新日期：1997-08-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Plants cope with the environment in a variety of ways, and ecological analyses attempt to capture this through life-history strategies or trait-based categorization. These approaches are limited because they treat the trade-off mechanisms that underlie plant responses as a black box. Approaches that involve the molecu...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Scheres B,van der Putten WH

更新日期：2017-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Quantum physics has remarkable distinguishing characteristics. For example, it gives only probabilistic predictions (non-determinism) and does not allow copying of unknown states (no-cloning). Quantum correlations may be stronger than any classical ones, but information cannot be transmitted faster than light (no-sign...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Pawłowski M,Paterek T,Kaszlikowski D,Scarani V,Winter A,Zukowski M

更新日期：2009-10-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Online hate and extremist narratives have been linked to abhorrent real-world events, including a current surge in hate crimes1-6 and an alarming increase in youth suicides that result from social media vitriol7; inciting mass shootings such as the 2019 attack in Christchurch, stabbings and bombings8-11; recruitment o...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Johnson NF,Leahy R,Restrepo NJ,Velasquez N,Zheng M,Manrique P,Devkota P,Wuchty S

更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Global conservation strategies commonly assume that different taxonomic groups show congruent geographical patterns of diversity, and that the distribution of extinction-prone species in one group can therefore act as a surrogate for vulnerable species in other groups when conservation decisions are being made. The va...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Grenyer R,Orme CD,Jackson SF,Thomas GH,Davies RG,Davies TJ,Jones KE,Olson VA,Ridgely RS,Rasmussen PC,Ding TS,Bennett PM,Blackburn TM,Gaston KJ,Gittleman JL,Owens IP

更新日期：2006-11-02 00:00:00

abstract：:A product encoded at the claret locus in Drosophila is needed for normal chromosome segregation in meiosis in females and in early mitotic divisions of the embryo. The predicted amino-acid sequence of the segregation protein was shown recently to be strikingly similar to Drosophila kinesin heavy chain. We have express...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Walker RA,Salmon ED,Endow SA

更新日期：1990-10-25 00:00:00

abstract：:The global land and ocean carbon sinks have increased proportionally with increasing carbon dioxide emissions during the past decades1. It is thought that Northern Hemisphere lands make a dominant contribution to the global land carbon sink2-7; however, the long-term trend of the northern land sink remains uncertain. ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ciais P,Tan J,Wang X,Roedenbeck C,Chevallier F,Piao SL,Moriarty R,Broquet G,Le Quéré C,Canadell JG,Peng S,Poulter B,Liu Z,Tans P

更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Data collected at approximately 60 Global Positioning System (GPS) sites in southeast Asia show the crustal deformation caused by the 26 December 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake at an unprecedented large scale. Small but significant co-seismic jumps are clearly detected more than 3,000 km from the earthquake epicentre...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Vigny C,Simons WJ,Abu S,Bamphenyu R,Satirapod C,Choosakul N,Subarya C,Socquet A,Omar K,Abidin HZ,Ambrosius BA

更新日期：2005-07-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Global dust storms on Mars are rare1,2 but can affect the Martian atmosphere for several months. They can cause changes in atmospheric dynamics and inflation of the atmosphere3, primarily owing to solar heating of the dust3. In turn, changes in atmospheric dynamics can affect the distribution of atmospheric water vapo...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Vandaele AC,Korablev O,Daerden F,Aoki S,Thomas IR,Altieri F,López-Valverde M,Villanueva G,Liuzzi G,Smith MD,Erwin JT,Trompet L,Fedorova AA,Montmessin F,Trokhimovskiy A,Belyaev DA,Ignatiev NI,Luginin M,Olsen KS,Baggi

更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:CDKN2A (INK4a/ARF) is frequently disrupted in various types of human cancer, and germline mutations of this locus can confer susceptibility to melanoma and other tumours. However, because CDKN2A encodes two distinct cell cycle inhibitory proteins, p16INK4a and p14ARF (p19Arf in mice), the mechanism of tumour suppressi...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Krimpenfort P,Quon KC,Mooi WJ,Loonstra A,Berns A

更新日期：2001-09-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Depleted uranium is a mildly radioactive waste product that is stockpiled worldwide. The chemical reactivity of uranium complexes is well documented, including the stoichiometric activation of small molecules of biological and industrial interest such as H2O, CO2, CO, or N2 (refs 1 - 11), but catalytic transformations...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Halter DP,Heinemann FW,Bachmann J,Meyer K

更新日期：2016-02-18 00:00:00

abstract：:As countries in Europe gradually relaxed lockdown restrictions after the first wave, test-trace-isolate strategies became critical to maintain the incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at low levels1,2. Reviewing their shortcomings can provide elements to consider in light of the second wave that is current...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Pullano G,Di Domenico L,Sabbatini CE,Valdano E,Turbelin C,Debin M,Guerrisi C,Kengne-Kuetche C,Souty C,Hanslik T,Blanchon T,Boëlle PY,Figoni J,Vaux S,Campèse C,Bernard-Stoecklin S,Colizza V

更新日期：2020-12-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Maternal immune activation (MIA) contributes to behavioural abnormalities associated with neurodevelopmental disorders in both primate and rodent offspring. In humans, epidemiological studies suggest that exposure of fetuses to maternal inflammation increases the likelihood of developing autism spectrum disorder. In p...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kim S,Kim H,Yim YS,Ha S,Atarashi K,Tan TG,Longman RS,Honda K,Littman DR,Choi GB,Huh JR

更新日期：2017-09-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Type-A γ-aminobutyric acid receptors (GABAARs) are the principal mediators of rapid inhibitory synaptic transmission in the human brain. A decline in GABAAR signalling triggers hyperactive neurological disorders such as insomnia, anxiety and epilepsy. Here we present the first three-dimensional structure of a GABAAR, ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Miller PS,Aricescu AR

更新日期：2014-08-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Auroral substorms, dynamic phenomena that occur in the upper atmosphere at night, are caused by global reconfiguration of the magnetosphere, which releases stored solar wind energy. These storms are characterized by auroral brightening from dusk to midnight, followed by violent motions of distinct auroral arcs that su...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kasahara S,Miyoshi Y,Yokota S,Mitani T,Kasahara Y,Matsuda S,Kumamoto A,Matsuoka A,Kazama Y,Frey HU,Angelopoulos V,Kurita S,Keika K,Seki K,Shinohara I

更新日期：2018-02-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Seasonal influenza epidemics are a major public health concern, causing tens of millions of respiratory illnesses and 250,000 to 500,000 deaths worldwide each year. In addition to seasonal influenza, a new strain of influenza virus against which no previous immunity exists and that demonstrates human-to-human transmis...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ginsberg J,Mohebbi MH,Patel RS,Brammer L,Smolinski MS,Brilliant L

更新日期：2009-02-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The enzyme Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) protects against oxidative damage by dismuting the superoxide radical O2-. to molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide at the active-site Cu ion in a reaction that is rate-limited by diffusion and enhanced by electrostatic guidance. SOD has evolved to be one of the fastest en...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Getzoff ED,Cabelli DE,Fisher CL,Parge HE,Viezzoli MS,Banci L,Hallewell RA

更新日期：1992-07-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding the physical mechanisms behind the generation of ocean waves by wind has been a longstanding challenge. Previous studies have assumed that ocean waves induce fluctuations in velocity and pressure of the overlying air that are synchronized with the waves, and numerical models have supported this assumptio...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hristov TS,Miller SD,Friehe CA

更新日期：2003-03-06 00:00:00

abstract：:A powerful way to discover key genes with causal roles in oncogenesis is to identify genomic regions that undergo frequent alteration in human cancers. Here we present high-resolution analyses of somatic copy-number alterations (SCNAs) from 3,131 cancer specimens, belonging largely to 26 histological types. We identif...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Beroukhim R,Mermel CH,Porter D,Wei G,Raychaudhuri S,Donovan J,Barretina J,Boehm JS,Dobson J,Urashima M,Mc Henry KT,Pinchback RM,Ligon AH,Cho YJ,Haery L,Greulich H,Reich M,Winckler W,Lawrence MS,Weir BA,Tanaka KE,

更新日期：2010-02-18 00:00:00

abstract：:In addition to coordinating immune and inflammatory responses, NF-kappaB/Rel transcription factors control cell survival. Normally, NF-kappaB dimers are sequestered in the cytoplasm by binding to inhibitory IkappaB proteins, and can be activated rapidly by signals that induce the sequential phosphorylation and proteol...

journal_title：Nature

authors： De Smaele E,Zazzeroni F,Papa S,Nguyen DU,Jin R,Jones J,Cong R,Franzoso G

更新日期：2001-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Cysticercosis caused by larval tapeworms is a major public health problem and a cause of substantial economic losses in the farm-animal industries. Taenia ovis in sheep is a particularly important example. Immunity to reinfection with the larvae has a central role in regulating natural transmission of the parasites, a...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Johnson KS,Harrison GB,Lightowlers MW,O'Hoy KL,Cougle WG,Dempster RP,Lawrence SB,Vinton JG,Heath DD,Rickard MD

更新日期：1989-04-13 00:00:00

abstract：: ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Rios Rojas C

更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Medawar has suggested that the major histocompatibility gene complex (MHC) might be involved in the contact inhibition of movement shown by fibroblasts and epithelia. Contact inhibition of movement is that reaction of cells which stops the movement of one cell over another and thus leads to monolayering and other feat...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Curtis AS,Rooney P

更新日期：1979-09-20 00:00:00

abstract：:The versatility of Ca2+ signals derives from their spatio-temporal organization. For Ca2+ signals initiated by inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3), this requires local interactions between InsP3 receptors (InsP3Rs) mediated by their rapid stimulation and slower inhibition\ by cytosolic Ca2+. This allows hierarchical ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Taufiq-Ur-Rahman,Skupin A,Falcke M,Taylor CW

更新日期：2009-04-02 00:00:00

abstract：:The clinical success of the ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) serves as a model for molecularly targeted therapy of cancer, but at least two critical questions remain. Can imatinib eradicate leukaemic stem cells? What are the dynamics of relapse due to imatinib resistance, which...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Michor F,Hughes TP,Iwasa Y,Branford S,Shah NP,Sawyers CL,Nowak MA

更新日期：2005-06-30 00:00:00

abstract：:In mammals, enlargement of the heart during embryonic development is primarily dependent on the increase in cardiomyocyte numbers. Shortly after birth, however, cardiomyocytes stop proliferating and further growth of the myocardium occurs through hypertrophic enlargement of the existing myocytes. As a consequence of t...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Eulalio A,Mano M,Dal Ferro M,Zentilin L,Sinagra G,Zacchigna S,Giacca M

更新日期：2012-12-20 00:00:00