Hidden resilience and adaptive dynamics of the global online hate ecology.

abstract：:Angiosperms developed floral nectaries that reward pollinating insects. Although nectar function and composition have been characterized, the mechanism of nectar secretion has remained unclear. Here we identify SWEET9 as a nectary-specific sugar transporter in three eudicot species: Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica rapa...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Lin IW,Sosso D,Chen LQ,Gase K,Kim SG,Kessler D,Klinkenberg PM,Gorder MK,Hou BH,Qu XQ,Carter CJ,Baldwin IT,Frommer WB

更新日期：2014-04-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Arachidonic acid is metabolised either by cyclooxygenases to produce prostaglandins and thromboxanes or by lipoxygenases to produce mono-, di- and trihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs). Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) release HETEs, including mono- and dihydroxy fatty acids, when exposed to stimuli such as the ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ford-Hutchinson AW,Bray MA,Doig MV,Shipley ME,Smith MJ

更新日期：1980-07-17 00:00:00

abstract：:An amino acid sequence analysis of the N-terminal immunoglobulin heavy and light chain variable regions (VH and VL) from 16 hybridoma proteins which bind phosphorylcholine as well as the complete sequence analysis of 9 of these VH regions is presented. There seem to be more VH regions participating in the phosphorylch...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Gearhart PJ,Johnson ND,Douglas R,Hood L

更新日期：1981-05-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Alternative splicing of pre-messenger RNAs diversifies gene products in eukaryotes and is guided by factors that enable spliceosomes to recognize particular splice sites. Here we report that alternative splicing of Saccharomyces cerevisiae SRC1 pre-mRNA is promoted by the conserved ubiquitin-like protein Hub1. Structu...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Mishra SK,Ammon T,Popowicz GM,Krajewski M,Nagel RJ,Ares M Jr,Holak TA,Jentsch S

更新日期：2011-05-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Inherited genetic variation has a critical but as yet largely uncharacterized role in human disease. Here we report a public database of common variation in the human genome: more than one million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for which accurate and complete genotypes have been obtained in 269 DNA samples fro...

journal_title：Nature

authors： International HapMap Consortium.

更新日期：2005-10-27 00:00:00

abstract：:The enzyme complex nitrogenase, which reduces N2 to NH+4, involves two redox proteins, both irreversibly damaged by O2 (ref. 1). Enzyme activity therefore requires anaerobic conditions, a source of reductant and a large amount of ATP (approximately 16 ATPs per N2). In both aerobic and facultative anaerobic N2-fixing b...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hill S,Kennedy C,Kavanagh E,Goldberg RB,Hanau R

更新日期：1981-04-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Inhibin is a hypophysiotropic hormone which selectively suppresses the secretion of pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone. It has been isolated from gonadal fluids and characterized as a protein heterodimer consisting of an alpha subunit and one of two beta subunits (beta A or beta B). FSH-releasing protein (FRP), al...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Yu J,Shao LE,Lemas V,Yu AL,Vaughan J,Rivier J,Vale W

更新日期：1987-12-24 00:00:00

abstract：:The geometry and dimensions of branched structures such as blood vessels or airways are important factors in determining the efficiency of physiological processes. It has been shown that fractal trees can be space filling and can ensure minimal dissipation. The bronchial tree of most mammalian lungs is a good example ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Mauroy B,Filoche M,Weibel ER,Sapoval B

更新日期：2004-02-12 00:00:00

abstract：:During embryogenesis, body pattern is established in a stepwise process. After specification of the body axis, the embryo is subdivided into smaller units. Within these units, a diverse array of cell types is then generated. The subdivisions of the Drosophila embryo, called parasegments, are defined by the interface b...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Dougan S,DiNardo S

更新日期：1992-11-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Neuropeptide Y (NPY) has a number of functions in mammalian physiology. Here we identify a role for NPY in promoting proliferation of postnatal neuronal precursor cells. NPY is synthesized in the postnatal olfactory epithelium by sustentacular cells, previously proposed to function only in structural support. Mice wit...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hansel DE,Eipper BA,Ronnett GV

更新日期：2001-04-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The development of immunologic interventions that can target the viral reservoir in HIV-1-infected individuals is a major goal of HIV-1 research. However, little evidence exists that the viral reservoir can be sufficiently targeted to improve virologic control following discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy. Here ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Borducchi EN,Cabral C,Stephenson KE,Liu J,Abbink P,Ng'ang'a D,Nkolola JP,Brinkman AL,Peter L,Lee BC,Jimenez J,Jetton D,Mondesir J,Mojta S,Chandrashekar A,Molloy K,Alter G,Gerold JM,Hill AL,Lewis MG,Pau MG,Schuit

更新日期：2016-12-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Unicellular organisms such as yeasts require a single cyclin-dependent kinase, Cdk1, to drive cell division. In contrast, mammalian cells are thought to require the sequential activation of at least four different cyclin-dependent kinases, Cdk2, Cdk3, Cdk4 and Cdk6, to drive cells through interphase, as well as Cdk1 t...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Santamaría D,Barrière C,Cerqueira A,Hunt S,Tardy C,Newton K,Cáceres JF,Dubus P,Malumbres M,Barbacid M

更新日期：2007-08-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Crustal faults have long been identified as sites where localized sliding motion occurs during earthquakes, which allows for the relative motion between adjacent crustal blocks. Although there is a growing awareness that we must understand the evolution of fault systems on many timescales to relate present-day crustal...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Vidale JE,Li YG

更新日期：2003-01-30 00:00:00

abstract：:D-type cyclins, in association with the cyclin-dependent kinases Cdk4 or Cdk6, promote progression through the G1 phase of the cell cycle by phosphorylating the retinoblastoma protein (RB). The activities of Cdk4 and Cdk6 are constrained by inhibitors such as p16, the product of the CDKN2 gene on human chromosome 9p21...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Lukas J,Parry D,Aagaard L,Mann DJ,Bartkova J,Strauss M,Peters G,Bartek J

更新日期：1995-06-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Injury causes a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) that is clinically much like sepsis. Microbial pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) activate innate immunocytes through pattern recognition receptors. Similarly, cellular injury can release endogenous 'damage'-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Zhang Q,Raoof M,Chen Y,Sumi Y,Sursal T,Junger W,Brohi K,Itagaki K,Hauser CJ

更新日期：2010-03-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Calcium permeability of basophil and mast cell membranes is stimulated on allergen binding to its specific membrane-bound IgE. This entry of Ca2+ ions into the cell triggers the degranulation and secretion process. Disodium cromoglycate (cromolyn DSCG), the disodium salt of 1,3-bis(-2-carboxychromon-5-yloxy)-2-hydroxy...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Mazurek N,Berger G,Pecht I

更新日期：1980-08-14 00:00:00

abstract：:The dehydration of subducting oceanic crust and upper mantle has been inferred both to promote the partial melting leading to arc magmatism and to induce intraslab intermediate-depth earthquakes, at depths of 50-300 km. Yet there is still no consensus about how slab hydration occurs or where and how much chemically bo...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ranero CR,Morgan JP,McIntosh K,Reichert C

更新日期：2003-09-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Myosin, a major contractile protein, characteristically possesses a long coiled-coil alpha-helical tail and two heads. Each head contains both an actin binding site and an ATPase site and is formed from the NH2-terminal half of one of the two heavy chains (relative molecular mass, Mr, 200,000) and a pair of light chai...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Okamoto Y,Sekine T,Grammer J,Yount RG

更新日期：1986-11-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Gross chromosome rearrangements (GCRs), such as translocations, deletion of a chromosome arm, interstitial deletions and inversions, are often observed in cancer cells. Spontaneous GCRs are rare in Saccharomyces cerevisiae; however, the existence of mutator mutants with increased genome instability suggests that GCRs ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Myung K,Chen C,Kolodner RD

更新日期：2001-06-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The motility of the gastrointestinal tract consists of local, non-propulsive mixing (pendular or segmental) and propulsive (peristaltic) movements. It is generally considered that mixing movements are produced by intrinsic pacemakers which generate rhythmic contractions, and peristalsis by intrinsic excitatory and inh...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Stevens RJ,Publicover NG,Smith TK

更新日期：1999-05-06 00:00:00

abstract：:T cells recognize foreign proteins as peptides bound to self molecules encoded by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). The kinetics of interaction between purified class II MHC molecules and peptides is unusual, in that the rate of association is very slow, but once formed, the complexes are extremely stable. T...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Adorini L,Appella E,Doria G,Cardinaux F,Nagy ZA

更新日期：1989-12-14 00:00:00

abstract：:WAVE1--the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP)--family verprolin homologous protein 1--is a key regulator of actin-dependent morphological processes in mammals, through its ability to activate the actin-related protein (Arp2/3) complex. Here we show that WAVE1 is phosphorylated at multiple sites by cyclin-dependen...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kim Y,Sung JY,Ceglia I,Lee KW,Ahn JH,Halford JM,Kim AM,Kwak SP,Park JB,Ho Ryu S,Schenck A,Bardoni B,Scott JD,Nairn AC,Greengard P

更新日期：2006-08-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Theoretical and empirical research highlights the role of punishment in promoting collaborative efforts. However, both the emergence and the stability of costly punishment are problematic issues. It is not clear how punishers can invade a society of defectors by social learning or natural selection, or how second-orde...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Sigmund K,De Silva H,Traulsen A,Hauert C

更新日期：2010-08-12 00:00:00

abstract：:In Drosophila, most individual olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) project bilaterally to both sides of the brain. Having bilateral rather than unilateral projections may represent a useful redundancy. However, bilateral ORN projections to the brain should also compromise the ability to lateralize odours. Nevertheless, ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Gaudry Q,Hong EJ,Kain J,de Bivort BL,Wilson RI

更新日期：2013-01-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The combination of complementary DNA expression and single-channel current analysis provides a powerful tool for studying the structure-function relationship of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) (refs 1-5). We have previously shown that AChR channels consisting of subunits from different species, expressed i...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Imoto K,Methfessel C,Sakmann B,Mishina M,Mori Y,Konno T,Fukuda K,Kurasaki M,Bujo H,Fujita Y

更新日期：1986-12-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Researchers recognize that society needs accurate and comprehensive estimates of the economic value of rain forests to assess conservation and management options. Valuation of forests can help us to decide whether to implement policies that reconcile the value different groups attach to forests. Here we have measured ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Godoy R,Wilkie D,Overman H,Cubas A,Cubas G,Demmer J,McSweeney K,Brokaw N

更新日期：2000-07-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Cas9 is an RNA-guided DNA endonuclease that targets foreign DNA for destruction as part of a bacterial adaptive immune system mediated by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR). Together with single-guide RNAs, Cas9 also functions as a powerful genome engineering tool in plants and animals,...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Sternberg SH,LaFrance B,Kaplan M,Doudna JA

更新日期：2015-11-05 00:00:00

abstract：:NMDA (N-methyl-d-aspartate) receptors (NMDARs) are a principal subtype of excitatory ligand-gated ion channel with prominent roles in physiological and disease processes in the central nervous system. Recognition that glycine potentiates NMDAR-mediated currents as well as being a requisite co-agonist of the NMDAR subt...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Nong Y,Huang YQ,Ju W,Kalia LV,Ahmadian G,Wang YT,Salter MW

更新日期：2003-03-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Antiviral T cells are thought to regulate whether hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections result in viral control, asymptomatic persistence or severe disease, although the reasons for these different outcomes remain unclear. Recent genetic evidence, however, has indicated a correlatio...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Waggoner SN,Cornberg M,Selin LK,Welsh RM

更新日期：2011-11-20 00:00:00

abstract：:A putative growth hormone receptor from rabbit liver and the growth hormone binding protein from rabbit serum have the same amino-terminal amino-acid sequence, indicating that the binding protein corresponds to the extracellular hormone-binding domain of the liver receptor. The complete amino-acid sequences derived fr...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Leung DW,Spencer SA,Cachianes G,Hammonds RG,Collins C,Henzel WJ,Barnard R,Waters MJ,Wood WI

更新日期：1987-12-10 00:00:00