Abstract:
AIMS:Immune checkpoint inhibitors have become a successful treatment in metastatic melanoma. The high response rates in a subset of patients suggest that a sensitive companion diagnostic test is required. The predictive value of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) staining in melanoma has been questioned due to inconsistent correlation with clinical outcome. Whether this is due to predictive irrelevance of PD-L1 expression or inaccurate assessment techniques remains unclear. The aim of this study was to develop a standardised digital protocol for the assessment of PD-L1 staining in melanoma and to compare the output data and reproducibility to conventional assessment by expert pathologists. METHODS AND RESULTS:In two cohorts with a total of 69 cutaneous melanomas, a highly significant correlation was found between pathologist-based consensus reading and automated PD-L1 analysis (r = 0.97, P < 0.0001). Digital scoring captured the full diagnostic spectrum of PD-L1 expression at single cell resolution. An average of 150 472 melanoma cells (median 38 668 cells; range = 733-1 078 965) were scored per lesion. Machine learning was used to control for heterogeneity introduced by PD-L1-positive inflammatory cells in the tumour microenvironment. The PD-L1 image analysis protocol showed excellent reproducibility (r = 1.0, P < 0.0001) when carried out on independent workstations and reduced variability in PD-L1 scoring of human observers. When melanomas were grouped by PD-L1 expression status, we found a clear correlation of PD-L1 positivity with CD8-positive T cell infiltration, but not with tumour stage, metastasis or driver mutation status. CONCLUSION:Digital evaluation of PD-L1 reduces scoring variability and may facilitate patient stratification in clinical practice.
journal_name
Histopathologyjournal_title
Histopathologyauthors
Koelzer VH,Gisler A,Hanhart JC,Griss J,Wagner SN,Willi N,Cathomas G,Sachs M,Kempf W,Thommen DS,Mertz KDdoi
10.1111/his.13528subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-09-01 00:00:00pages
397-406issue
3eissn
0309-0167issn
1365-2559journal_volume
73pub_type
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