Laboratory mouse housing conditions can be improved using common environmental enrichment without compromising data.

abstract：:From early dinosaurs with as many as nine wrist bones, modern birds evolved to develop only four ossifications. Their identity is uncertain, with different labels used in palaeontology and developmental biology. We examined embryos of several species and studied chicken embryos in detail through a new technique allowi...

journal_title：PLoS biology

authors： Botelho JF,Ossa-Fuentes L,Soto-Acuña S,Smith-Paredes D,Nuñez-León D,Salinas-Saavedra M,Ruiz-Flores M,Vargas AO

更新日期：2014-09-30 00:00:00

abstract：:While the timing of neuronal activity in the olfactory bulb (OB) relative to sniffing has been the object of many studies, the behavioral relevance of timing information generated by patterned activation within the bulbar response has not been explored. Here we show, using sniff-triggered, dynamic, 2-D, optogenetic st...

journal_title：PLoS biology

authors： Rebello MR,McTavish TS,Willhite DC,Short SM,Shepherd GM,Verhagen JV

更新日期：2014-12-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent brain imaging studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have implicated a frontal-parietal network in the top-down control of attention. However, little is known about the timing and sequence of activations within this network. To investigate these timing questions, we used event-related electr...

journal_title：PLoS biology

authors： Grent-'t-Jong T,Woldorff MG

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The relative contributions to modern European populations of Paleolithic hunter-gatherers and Neolithic farmers from the Near East have been intensely debated. Haplogroup R1b1b2 (R-M269) is the commonest European Y-chromosomal lineage, increasing in frequency from east to west, and carried by 110 million European men....

journal_title：PLoS biology

authors： Balaresque P,Bowden GR,Adams SM,Leung HY,King TE,Rosser ZH,Goodwin J,Moisan JP,Richard C,Millward A,Demaine AG,Barbujani G,Previderè C,Wilson IJ,Tyler-Smith C,Jobling MA

更新日期：2010-01-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The prospects for the success of malaria control depend, in part, on the basic reproductive number for malaria, R0. Here, we estimate R0 in a novel way for 121 African populations, and thereby increase the number of R0 estimates for malaria by an order of magnitude. The estimates range from around one to more than 3,0...

journal_title：PLoS biology

authors： Smith DL,McKenzie FE,Snow RW,Hay SI

更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Asymmetric cell division and apoptosis (programmed cell death) are two fundamental processes that are important for the development and function of multicellular organisms. We have found that the processes of asymmetric cell division and apoptosis can be functionally linked. Specifically, we show that asymmetric cell ...

journal_title：PLoS biology

authors： Hatzold J,Conradt B

更新日期：2008-04-08 00:00:00

abstract：:The disc-large (DLG)-membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) family of proteins forms a central signaling hub of the glutamate receptor complex. Among this family, some proteins regulate developmental maturation of glutamatergic synapses, a process vulnerable to aberrations, which may lead to neurodevelopmental d...

journal_title：PLoS biology

authors： Favaro PD,Huang X,Hosang L,Stodieck S,Cui L,Liu YZ,Engelhardt KA,Schmitz F,Dong Y,Löwel S,Schlüter OM

更新日期：2018-12-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Although psychological and computational models of time estimation have postulated the existence of neural representations tuned for specific durations, empirical evidence of this notion has been lacking. Here, using a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) adaptation paradigm, we show that the inferior parietal...

journal_title：PLoS biology

authors： Hayashi MJ,Ditye T,Harada T,Hashiguchi M,Sadato N,Carlson S,Walsh V,Kanai R

更新日期：2015-09-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Certain bacterial adhesins appear to promote a pathogen's extracellular lifestyle rather than its entry into host cells. However, little is known about the stimuli elicited upon such pathogen host-cell interactions. Here, we report that type IV pili (Tfp)-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (P(+)GC) induces an immediate r...

journal_title：PLoS biology

authors： Boettcher JP,Kirchner M,Churin Y,Kaushansky A,Pompaiah M,Thorn H,Brinkmann V,Macbeath G,Meyer TF

更新日期：2010-08-24 00:00:00

abstract：:One of the most influential observations in molecular evolution has been a strong association between local recombination rate and nucleotide polymorphisms across the genome. This is interpreted as evidence for ubiquitous natural selection. The alternative explanation, that recombination is mutagenic, has been rejecte...

journal_title：PLoS biology

authors： McGaugh SE,Heil CS,Manzano-Winkler B,Loewe L,Goldstein S,Himmel TL,Noor MA

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To elucidate the history of living and extinct elephantids, we generated 39,763 bp of aligned nuclear DNA sequence across 375 loci for African savanna elephant, African forest elephant, Asian elephant, the extinct American mastodon, and the woolly mammoth. Our data establish that the Asian elephant is the closest livi...

journal_title：PLoS biology

authors： Rohland N,Reich D,Mallick S,Meyer M,Green RE,Georgiadis NJ,Roca AL,Hofreiter M

更新日期：2010-12-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Rapamycin (Rap) and its derivatives, called rapalogs, are being explored in clinical trials targeting cancer and neurodegeneration. The underlying mechanisms of Rap actions, however, are not well understood. Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), a lysosome-localized protein kinase that acts as a critical regulator o...

journal_title：PLoS biology

authors： Zhang X,Chen W,Gao Q,Yang J,Yan X,Zhao H,Su L,Yang M,Gao C,Yao Y,Inoki K,Li D,Shao R,Wang S,Sahoo N,Kudo F,Eguchi T,Ruan B,Xu H

更新日期：2019-05-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) plays a key role in regulating the levels of plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Here, we demonstrate that the compound PF-06446846 inhibits translation of PCSK9 by inducing the ribosome to stall around codon 34, mediated by the sequence of the nasc...

journal_title：PLoS biology

authors： Lintner NG,McClure KF,Petersen D,Londregan AT,Piotrowski DW,Wei L,Xiao J,Bolt M,Loria PM,Maguire B,Geoghegan KF,Huang A,Rolph T,Liras S,Doudna JA,Dullea RG,Cate JH

更新日期：2017-03-21 00:00:00

abstract：:[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2002794.]. ...

journal_title：PLoS biology

authors： Obleser J,Henry MJ,Lakatos P

更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:For decades, embalmed cadavers have played an important role in teaching anatomy to the scientists and doctors of the future. Most anatomy departments use a traditional formaldehyde-based embalming method, but formalin embalming makes the bodies very rigid, which limits their usefulness for procedures other than disse...

journal_title：PLoS biology

authors： Eisma R,Wilkinson T

更新日期：2014-10-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Eukaryotic cells contain several unconventional poly(A) polymerases in addition to the canonical enzymes responsible for the synthesis of poly(A) tails of nuclear messenger RNA precursors. The yeast protein Trf4p has been implicated in a quality control pathway that leads to the polyadenylation and subsequent exosome-...

journal_title：PLoS biology

authors： Vanácová S,Wolf J,Martin G,Blank D,Dettwiler S,Friedlein A,Langen H,Keith G,Keller W

更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Adaptor protein (AP) complexes sort cargo into vesicles for transport from one membrane compartment of the cell to another. Four distinct AP complexes have been identified, which are present in most eukaryotes. We report the existence of a fifth AP complex, AP-5. Tagged AP-5 localises to a late endosomal compartment i...

journal_title：PLoS biology

authors： Hirst J,Barlow LD,Francisco GC,Sahlender DA,Seaman MN,Dacks JB,Robinson MS

更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sixty-five years after Turing first revealed the potential of systems with local activation and long-range inhibition to generate pattern, we have only recently begun to identify the biological elements that operate at many scales to generate periodic patterns in nature. In this Primer, we first review the theoretical...

journal_title：PLoS biology

authors： Dalle Nogare D,Chitnis AB

更新日期：2017-12-20 00:00:00

abstract：:STEP (STriatal-Enriched protein tyrosine Phosphatase) is a neuron-specific phosphatase that regulates N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) trafficking, as well as ERK1/2, p38, Fyn, and Pyk2 activity. STEP is overactive in several neuropsychiatr...

journal_title：PLoS biology

authors： Xu J,Chatterjee M,Baguley TD,Brouillette J,Kurup P,Ghosh D,Kanyo J,Zhang Y,Seyb K,Ononenyi C,Foscue E,Anderson GM,Gresack J,Cuny GD,Glicksman MA,Greengard P,Lam TT,Tautz L,Nairn AC,Ellman JA,Lombroso PJ

更新日期：2014-08-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The archaeal RNA polymerase (RNAP) shares structural similarities with eukaryotic RNAP II but requires a reduced subset of general transcription factors for promoter-dependent initiation. To deepen our knowledge of cellular transcription, we have determined the structure of the 13-subunit DNA-directed RNAP from Sulfol...

journal_title：PLoS biology

authors： Korkhin Y,Unligil UM,Littlefield O,Nelson PJ,Stuart DI,Sigler PB,Bell SD,Abrescia NG

更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the most widely targeted gene family for Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs. To assess possible roles for GPCRs in cancer, we analyzed The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data for mRNA expression, mutations, and copy number variation (CNV) in 20 categories and 45 subty...

journal_title：PLoS biology

authors： Sriram K,Moyung K,Corriden R,Carter H,Insel PA

更新日期：2019-11-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Primates sample their visual environment actively through saccades and microsaccades (MSs). Saccadic eye movements not only modulate neural spike rates but might also affect temporal correlations (synchrony) among neurons. Neural synchrony plays a role in neural coding and modulates information transfer between cortic...

journal_title：PLoS biology

authors： Lowet E,Gips B,Roberts MJ,De Weerd P,Jensen O,van der Eerden J

更新日期：2018-05-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Mycobacterium tuberculosis infects one third of the human world population and kills someone every 15 seconds. For more than a century, scientists and clinicians have been distinguishing between the human- and animal-adapted members of the M. tuberculosis complex (MTBC). However, all human-adapted strains of MTBC have...

journal_title：PLoS biology

authors： Hershberg R,Lipatov M,Small PM,Sheffer H,Niemann S,Homolka S,Roach JC,Kremer K,Petrov DA,Feldman MW,Gagneux S

更新日期：2008-12-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Lysosomes are ubiquitous acidified organelles that degrade intracellular and extracellular material trafficked via multiple pathways. Lysosomes also sense cellular nutrient levels to regulate target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase, a signaling enzyme that drives growth and suppresses activity of the MiT/TFE family of transc...

journal_title：PLoS biology

authors： Murphy JT,Liu H,Ma X,Shaver A,Egan BM,Oh C,Boyko A,Mazer T,Ang S,Khopkar R,Javaheri A,Kumar S,Jiang X,Ory D,Mani K,Matkovich SJ,Kornfeld K,Diwan A

更新日期：2019-05-14 00:00:00

abstract：:microRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded, 21- to 23-nucleotide cellular RNAs that control the expression of cognate target genes. Primary miRNA (pri-miRNA) transcripts are transformed to mature miRNA by the successive actions of two RNase III endonucleases. Drosha converts pri-miRNA transcripts to precursor miRNA (pre-m...

journal_title：PLoS biology

authors： Förstemann K,Tomari Y,Du T,Vagin VV,Denli AM,Bratu DP,Klattenhoff C,Theurkauf WE,Zamore PD

更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neo-sex chromosomes are found in many taxa, but the forces driving their emergence and spread are poorly understood. The female-specific neo-W chromosome of the African monarch (or queen) butterfly Danaus chrysippus presents an intriguing case study because it is restricted to a single 'contact zone' population, invol...

journal_title：PLoS biology

authors： Martin SH,Singh KS,Gordon IJ,Omufwoko KS,Collins S,Warren IA,Munby H,Brattström O,Traut W,Martins DJ,Smith DAS,Jiggins CD,Bass C,Ffrench-Constant RH

更新日期：2020-02-27 00:00:00

abstract：:A lysosomal storage disease (LSD) results from deficient lysosomal enzyme activity, thus the substrate of the mutant enzyme accumulates in the lysosome, leading to pathology. In many but not all LSDs, the clinically most important mutations compromise the cellular folding of the enzyme, subjecting it to endoplasmic re...

journal_title：PLoS biology

authors： Mu TW,Fowler DM,Kelly JW

更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacteriophage modulation of microbial populations impacts critical processes in ocean, soil, and animal ecosystems. However, the role of bacteriophages with RNA genomes (RNA bacteriophages) in these processes is poorly understood, in part because of the limited number of known RNA bacteriophage species. Here, we ident...

journal_title：PLoS biology

authors： Krishnamurthy SR,Janowski AB,Zhao G,Barouch D,Wang D

更新日期：2016-03-24 00:00:00

abstract：:The maintenance of pluripotency and specification of cellular lineages during embryonic development are controlled by transcriptional regulatory networks, which coordinate specific sets of genes through both activation and repression. The transcriptional repressor RE1-silencing transcription factor (REST) plays import...

journal_title：PLoS biology

authors： Johnson R,Teh CH,Kunarso G,Wong KY,Srinivasan G,Cooper ML,Volta M,Chan SS,Lipovich L,Pollard SM,Karuturi RK,Wei CL,Buckley NJ,Stanton LW

更新日期：2008-10-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Inorganic arsenic is a carcinogen, and its ingestion through foods such as rice presents a significant risk to human health. Plants chemically reduce arsenate to arsenite. Using genome-wide association (GWA) mapping of loci controlling natural variation in arsenic accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana allowed us to ide...

journal_title：PLoS biology

authors： Chao DY,Chen Y,Chen J,Shi S,Chen Z,Wang C,Danku JM,Zhao FJ,Salt DE

更新日期：2014-12-02 00:00:00