Abstract:
:The prospects for the success of malaria control depend, in part, on the basic reproductive number for malaria, R0. Here, we estimate R0 in a novel way for 121 African populations, and thereby increase the number of R0 estimates for malaria by an order of magnitude. The estimates range from around one to more than 3,000. We also consider malaria transmission and control in finite human populations, of size H. We show that classic formulas approximate the expected number of mosquitoes that could trace infection back to one mosquito after one parasite generation, Z0(H), but they overestimate the expected number of infected humans per infected human, R0(H). Heterogeneous biting increases R0 and, as we show, Z0(H), but we also show that it sometimes reduces R0(H); those who are bitten most both infect many vectors and absorb infectious bites. The large range of R0 estimates strongly supports the long-held notion that malaria control presents variable challenges across its transmission spectrum. In populations where R0 is highest, malaria control will require multiple, integrated methods that target those who are bitten most. Therefore, strategic planning for malaria control should consider R0, the spatial scale of transmission, human population density, and heterogeneous biting.
journal_name
PLoS Bioljournal_title
PLoS biologyauthors
Smith DL,McKenzie FE,Snow RW,Hay SIdoi
10.1371/journal.pbio.0050042subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-03-01 00:00:00pages
e42issue
3eissn
1544-9173issn
1545-7885pii
06-PLBI-RA-0569R3journal_volume
5pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
PLOS BIOLOGY文献大全abstract::Australia's iconic Great Barrier Reef (GBR) continues to suffer from repeated impacts of cyclones, coral bleaching, and outbreaks of the coral-eating crown-of-thorns starfish (COTS), losing much of its coral cover in the process. This raises the question of the ecosystem's systemic resilience and its ability to reboun...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2003355
更新日期:2017-11-28 00:00:00
abstract::Infants' cognitive development and learning rely profoundly on their interactions with other people. In the first year, infants become increasingly sensitive to others' gaze and use it to focus their own attention on relevant visual input. However, infants are not passive observers in early social interactions, and th...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000055
更新日期:2018-12-13 00:00:00
abstract::The disc-large (DLG)-membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) family of proteins forms a central signaling hub of the glutamate receptor complex. Among this family, some proteins regulate developmental maturation of glutamatergic synapses, a process vulnerable to aberrations, which may lead to neurodevelopmental d...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2006838
更新日期:2018-12-26 00:00:00
abstract::The ability of cells to accurately control gene expression levels in response to extracellular cues is limited by the inherently stochastic nature of transcriptional regulation. A change in transcription factor (TF) activity results in changes in the expression of its targets, but the way in which cell-to-cell variabi...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001528
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Apoptotic cells in animals are engulfed by phagocytic cells and subsequently degraded inside phagosomes. To study the mechanisms controlling the degradation of apoptotic cells, we developed time-lapse imaging protocols in developing Caenorhabditis elegans embryos and established the temporal order of multiple events d...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060061
更新日期:2008-03-18 00:00:00
abstract::Metastatic dissemination employs both the blood and lymphatic vascular systems. Solid tumors dynamically remodel and generate both vessel types during cancer progression. Lymphatic vessel invasion and cancer cells in the tumor-draining lymph nodes (LNs) are prognostic markers for breast cancer metastasis and patient o...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2005907
更新日期:2018-12-28 00:00:00
abstract::In neurons polarized trafficking of vesicle-bound membrane proteins gives rise to the distinct molecular composition and functional properties of axons and dendrites. Despite their central role in shaping neuronal form and function, surprisingly little is known about the molecular processes that mediate polarized targ...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001021
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ribosome biogenesis is a major energy-consuming process in the cell that has to be rapidly down-regulated in response to stress or nutrient depletion. The target of rapamycin 1 (Tor1) pathway regulates synthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) at the level of transcription initiation. It remains unclear whether ribosome bioge...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2000245
更新日期:2017-03-10 00:00:00
abstract::Using DNA sequences 5' to open reading frames, we have constructed green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusions and generated spatial and temporal tissue expression profiles for 1,886 specific genes in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. This effort encompasses about 10% of all genes identified in this organism. GFP-expre...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0050237
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this Open Highlight, Senior Editor Lauren Richardson features exciting new Open Access research into how species evolve their characteristic traits. ...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000020
更新日期:2018-10-04 00:00:00
abstract::In fungi, mating between partners depends on the molecular recognition of two peptidyl mating pheromones by their respective receptors. The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Sp) has two mating types, Plus (P) and Minus (M). The mating pheromones P-factor and M-factor, secreted by P and M cells, are recognized b...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000101
更新日期:2019-01-22 00:00:00
abstract::To complete cell division with high fidelity, cytokinesis must be coordinated with chromosome segregation. Mammalian Polo-like kinase 1, Plk1, may function as a critical link because it is required for chromosome segregation and establishment of the cleavage plane following anaphase onset. A central spindle-localized ...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000110
更新日期:2009-05-05 00:00:00
abstract::Birds utilize a unique structure, called a syrinx, for the production of their vocalizations. The origins of the syrinx are not well understood. New work, utilizing first principles-based models, suggests that a key element in selection for the early syrinx might be the position of this vocal structure: although the l...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000184
更新日期:2019-03-28 00:00:00
abstract::Malaria parasites possess the remarkable ability to maintain chronic infections that fail to elicit a protective immune response, characteristics that have stymied vaccine development and cause people living in endemic regions to remain at risk of malaria despite previous exposure to the disease. These traits stem fro...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000271
更新日期:2019-05-13 00:00:00
abstract::Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) catalyzes the reversible transfer of a phosphoryl group from 1, 3-bisphosphoglycerate (1, 3-BPG) to ADP, producing 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PG) and ATP. PGK1 plays a key role in coordinating glycolytic energy production with one-carbon metabolism, serine biosynthesis, and cellular redox r...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002243
更新日期:2015-09-10 00:00:00
abstract::Telomerase, a unique reverse transcriptase that specifically extends the ends of linear chromosomes, is up-regulated in the vast majority of cancer cells. Here, we show that an indole nucleotide analog, 5-methylcarboxyl-indolyl-2'-deoxyriboside 5'-triphosphate (5-MeCITP), functions as an inhibitor of telomerase activi...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000204
更新日期:2019-04-05 00:00:00
abstract::Here, we present the use of ethoscopes, which are machines for high-throughput analysis of behavior in Drosophila and other animals. Ethoscopes provide a software and hardware solution that is reproducible and easily scalable. They perform, in real-time, tracking and profiling of behavior by using a supervised machine...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2003026
更新日期:2017-10-19 00:00:00
abstract::Myosin VI has been studied in both a monomeric and a dimeric form in vitro. Because the functional characteristics of the motor are dramatically different for these two forms, it is important to understand whether myosin VI heavy chains are brought together on endocytic vesicles. We have used fluorescence anisotropy m...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0050210
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent analyses of the fossil record and molecular phylogenies suggest that there are fundamental limits to biodiversity, possibly arising from constraints in the availability of space, resources, or ecological niches. Under this hypothesis, speciation rates decay over time and biodiversity eventually saturates, with ...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000493
更新日期:2010-09-28 00:00:00
abstract::While the timing of neuronal activity in the olfactory bulb (OB) relative to sniffing has been the object of many studies, the behavioral relevance of timing information generated by patterned activation within the bulbar response has not been explored. Here we show, using sniff-triggered, dynamic, 2-D, optogenetic st...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002021
更新日期:2014-12-16 00:00:00
abstract::Although psychological and computational models of time estimation have postulated the existence of neural representations tuned for specific durations, empirical evidence of this notion has been lacking. Here, using a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) adaptation paradigm, we show that the inferior parietal...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002262
更新日期:2015-09-17 00:00:00
abstract::The Hedgehog signaling is a determinant pathway for tumor progression. However, while inhibition of the Hedgehog canonical pathway-Patched-Smoothened-Gli-has proved efficient in human tumors with activating mutations in this pathway, recent clinical data have failed to show any benefit in other cancers, even though So...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001623
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this Formal Comment the authors respond to objections to their previous Essay, reiterating that comparative linguistics is not an easy undertaking. ...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000019
更新日期:2018-09-24 00:00:00
abstract::The functional consequences of long-range nuclear reorganization were studied in a cell-by-cell analysis of gene expression and long-range chromosomal interactions in the Drosophila eye and eye imaginal disk. Position-effect variegation was used to stochastically perturb gene expression and probe nuclear reorganizatio...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030067
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the entry process, the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimer undergoes a sequence of conformational changes triggered by both CD4 and coreceptor engagement. Resolving the conformation of these transient entry intermediates has proven challenging. Here, we fine-mapped the...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000114
更新日期:2019-01-16 00:00:00
abstract::The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the site of synthesis of secreted and membrane proteins. To exit the ER, proteins are packaged into COPII vesicles through direct interaction with the COPII coat or aided by specific cargo receptors. Despite the fundamental role of such cargo receptors in protein traffic, only a few h...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001329
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanism by which a complex auditory scene is parsed into coherent objects depends on poorly understood interactions between task-driven and stimulus-driven attentional processes. We illuminate these interactions in a simultaneous behavioral-neurophysiological study in which we manipulate participants' attention ...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000129
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001326.]. ...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,已发布勘误
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002616
更新日期:2017-12-11 00:00:00
abstract::Next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies are being used to generate whole genome sequences for a wide range of crop species. When combined with precise phenotyping methods, these technologies provide a powerful and rapid tool for identifying the genetic basis of agriculturally important traits and for predicting ...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001883
更新日期:2014-06-10 00:00:00
abstract::Genetically identical cells grown in the same culture display striking cell-to-cell heterogeneity in gene expression and other traits. A crucial challenge is to understand how much of this heterogeneity reflects the noise tolerance of a robust system and how much serves a biological function. In bacteria, stochastic g...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001325
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00