High functional diversity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis driven by genetic drift and human demography.

Abstract:

:Mycobacterium tuberculosis infects one third of the human world population and kills someone every 15 seconds. For more than a century, scientists and clinicians have been distinguishing between the human- and animal-adapted members of the M. tuberculosis complex (MTBC). However, all human-adapted strains of MTBC have traditionally been considered to be essentially identical. We surveyed sequence diversity within a global collection of strains belonging to MTBC using seven megabase pairs of DNA sequence data. We show that the members of MTBC affecting humans are more genetically diverse than generally assumed, and that this diversity can be linked to human demographic and migratory events. We further demonstrate that these organisms are under extremely reduced purifying selection and that, as a result of increased genetic drift, much of this genetic diversity is likely to have functional consequences. Our findings suggest that the current increases in human population, urbanization, and global travel, combined with the population genetic characteristics of M. tuberculosis described here, could contribute to the emergence and spread of drug-resistant tuberculosis.

journal_name

PLoS Biol

journal_title

PLoS biology

authors

Hershberg R,Lipatov M,Small PM,Sheffer H,Niemann S,Homolka S,Roach JC,Kremer K,Petrov DA,Feldman MW,Gagneux S

doi

10.1371/journal.pbio.0060311

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2008-12-16 00:00:00

pages

e311

issue

12

eissn

1544-9173

issn

1545-7885

pii

08-PLBI-RA-2811

journal_volume

6

pub_type

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