WASP (Write a Scientific Paper) using Excel - 7: The t-distribution.

abstract：:Dexamethasone (DEX), a synthetic glucocorticoid, has been widely used to prevent the development of a variety of poor health conditions in premature infants including chronic lung disease, inflammation, circulatory failure, and shock. Although there are some reports of neurologic complications related to DEX exposure,...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Ichinohashi Y,Sato Y,Saito A,Ito M,Watanabe K,Hayakawa M,Nakanishi K,Wakatsuki A,Oohira A

更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Low nephron endowment secondary to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) results in compensatory hypertrophy of the remaining glomeruli, which in turn is associated with hypertension. However, gender differences exist in the response of the kidney to injury, and IUGR female offspring seems protected from an unfavorab...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Baserga M,Bares AL,Hale MA,Callaway CW,McKnight RA,Lane PH,Lane RH

更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The calculation of descriptive statistics includes the calculation of standard error and confidence interval, an inevitable component of data analysis in inferential statistics. This paper provides pointers as to how to do this in Microsoft Excel™. ...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Grech V

更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether maternal obesity poses a risk for long-term cardiovascular morbidity in the offspring. STUDY DESIGN:Data were analyzed from a non-selective population of all infants born between the years 1991-2014 at the tertiary Soroka University Medical Center (SUMC), the sole hospital in the south...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Kahn S,Wainstock T,Sheiner E

更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:We evaluated the effect of maternal administration of betamethasone (0.2 mg/kg per day) on mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation and interleukin-2 (IL-2) production by maternal, fetal, and neonatal rat splenic lymphocytes. STUDY DESIGN:Betamethasone was injected intramuscularly on days 19 and 20 of gestat...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Murthy KK,Moya FR

更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The evolution of ultrasound findings in 59 infants with transient periventricular densities is described and the neurodevelopmental outcome of 53 of these infants was compared with 92 of 107 infants with normal ultrasound scans, born during the same 24-month period. Four of the 53 infants with transient periventricula...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： De Vries LS,Regev R,Pennock JM,Wigglesworth JS,Dubowitz LM

更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A new protocol for structured observation of motor performance in infants, SOMP-I, was applied to 72 neonatally healthy fullterm infants at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 10 months of age. It contains 13 items, formed as ascending scales, consisting of detailed descriptions of motor performance in different body positions and body pa...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Persson K,Strömberg B

更新日期：1995-01-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) is a common neonatal problem and, sadly, results in acute and chronic respiratory morbidity. Although meconium aspiration can occur prior to delivery even in the absence of labour, in many infants this condition could be prevented by appropriate suctioning at birth. More accurate pre...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Greenough A

更新日期：1995-04-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous studies which have quantitated tissue mRNA transcripts have suggested that IGF II is expressed in substantially greater amounts than IGF I during human fetal development. However, this has not been tested directly by recovery and quantitation of IGF peptides from fetal tissues. Tissues from human fetuses were...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Hill DJ

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with a reduction in birth size but very few studies have collated changes in neonatal anthropometry. Our aims were both to assess body composition differences by anthropometry between new-borns from smoking mothers and those from non-smoking mothers, and to show...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Samper MP,Jiménez-Muro A,Nerín I,Marqueta A,Ventura P,Rodríguez G

更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Placental pathology is associated with long-term neurological morbidity. Little is known about the association of placental pathology and illness severity directly after birth in preterm infants. OBJECTIVE:To determine the association between placental pathology and illness severity in preterm infants durin...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Roescher AM,Hitzert MM,Timmer A,Verhagen EA,Erwich JJ,Bos AF

更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) were measured in amniotic fluid, extraembryonic coelomic fluid and maternal serum from 23 women with apparently normal first trimester pregnancies prior to termination. The levels of IGF-1 and IGFBP-1 were significantly hig...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Wathen NC,Wang HS,Cass PL,Campbell DJ,Chard T

更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neonatal sepsis is frequently accompanied by significant and sometimes life-threatening coagulopathy. More complete understanding is needed of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the interaction of the inflammatory and hemostatic systems. Such information may help focus future studies toward novel ways to...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Del Vecchio A,Stronati M,Franco C,Christensen RD

更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Thrombocytopenia is a very frequent problem among sick neonates, affecting up to 35% of all infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), and serves as an important indicator of multiple clinical conditions. The cause of the thrombocytopenia is unclear in up to 60% of affected neonates. A clinical class...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Del Vecchio A

更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Standards for Research (StaR) in Child Health, founded in 2009, addresses the current scarcity of and deficiencies in pediatric clinical trials. StaR Child Health brings together leading international experts devoted to developing practical, evidence-based standards to enrich the reliability and relevance of pediatric...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Offringa M,Needham AC,Chan WW,StaR Child Health group.

更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Preterm birth is a known risk factor for infant development but it is less clear whether fetal growth restriction (FGR) and early term birth between 37 and 39 weeks gestation are associated with risks for infant development. AIMS:This study investigated risk factors for adverse developmental outcomes at 12 ...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Baumgartel K,Jensen L,White SW,Wong K,Straker L,Leonard H,Finlay-Jones A,Downs J

更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fetal cardiac waveform intervals were assessed from fetal magnetocardiogram (FMCG) recordings taken from 59 pregnant women at 17-41 weeks gestation. Beyond 27 weeks' gestation PR and QRS intervals, measured from averaged waveforms, could be obtained from all subjects; however, prior to 21 weeks' gestation the success ...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Leuthold A,Wakai RT,Martin CB

更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Preterm newborns have low vitamin A reserves at birth, which increases their risk of morbidity and mortality. In the absence of supplementation, breast milk is the only source of this nutrient for exclusively breastfed infants. AIMS:To assess retinol concentration in preterm milk and the relationship betwee...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Lima MS,da Silva Ribeiro KD,Pires JF,Bezerra DF,Bellot PE,de Oliveira Weigert LP,Dimenstein R

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The influence of lung function and reflex activity on the success of patient-triggered ventilation (PTV) has been determined. Lung function was assessed by measurement of compliance using a single breath technique. Reflex activity was assessed by measurement of the strength of Hering Breuer reflex indicated by the deg...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Chan V,Greenough A,Muramatsu K

更新日期：1994-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The brain glycoconjugates, glycosidases and lipids have been studied in a case of human congenital athyroidism never treated with hormonal replacement. Increase of membrane-bound mucopolysaccharides has been found in the grey matter. Total lipids in the white matter, and phospholipids, and total glycolipids and choles...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Annunziata P,Federico A,D'Amore I,Corona RM,Guazzi GC

更新日期：1983-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a severe and quite common problem in obstetrics. A condition of placental dysfunction can lead to a cardiovascular adaptation in the fetus characterized by a redistribution of cardiac output to maintain oxygen supply to the heart, adrenal glands and brain - the so-called brai...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Bozzetti V,Tagliabue PE,Visser GH,van Bel F,Gazzolo D

更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND AND AIMS:The interaction between the infant and the caregiver is stated to be very important in the development of a child. When there is inadequacy of interaction, several emotional and developmental problems can emerge. We aimed to investigate the socio-demographic and clinical features of children diagnos...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Akca OF,Ugur C,Colak M,Kartal OO,Akozel AS,Erdogan G,Uslu RI

更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with short-term and also long-term harmful effects on offspring. OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study is to evaluate the associations of maternal smoking during pregnancy with offspring bone health at 18years old, and the role of birth weight and contemporaneous he...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Martínez-Mesa J,Menezes AM,Howe LD,Wehrmeister FC,Muniz LC,González-Chica DA,Assunção MC,Gonçalves H,Barros FC

更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Preterm infants have a higher risk of language delay throughout childhood. The ability to integrate audiovisual speech information is associated with language acquisition in term infants; however, the relation is still unclear in preterm infant. AIM AND METHODS:This study longitudinally investigated visual ...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Imafuku M,Kawai M,Niwa F,Shinya Y,Myowa M

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study examined the oral sensitivity and feeding skills of low-risk pre-term infants at 11-17 months corrected age. Twenty pre-term infants (PT) born between 32 and 37 weeks at birth without any medical comorbidities were assessed. All of this PT group received supplemental nasogastric (NG) tube feeds during their...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Dodrill P,McMahon S,Ward E,Weir K,Donovan T,Riddle B

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:In neonates with spina bifida aperta (SBA), leg movements by myotomes caudal to the meningomyelocele (MMC) are transiently observed. It is unclear whether these leg movements relate to functional neural conduction through the MMC. For optimal therapeutical intervention, pathophysiological insight in these ...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Sival DA,Brouwer OF,Bruggink JL,Vles JS,Staal-Schreinemachers AL,Sollie KM,Sauer PJ,Bos AF

更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Reduced left ventricular (LV) diastolic function can exert significant load to the right ventricle (RV) that can affect RV-pulmonary vasculature (PV) coupling. RV-PV can be assessed with the RV length-force relationship (tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion [TAPSE] to pulmonary artery acceleration ti...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Bussmann N,El-Khuffash A,Breatnach CR,McCallion N,Franklin O,Singh GK,Levy PT

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Comparisons of the components of ventilator waveform were made in two groups of preterm infants ventilated for the respiratory distress syndrome. Infants actively expiring against positive pressure inflation were compared to infants not showing this interaction. The actively expiring infants were ventilated with a hig...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Greenough A

更新日期：1988-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The fatty acid content of fetal tissues was utilized to estimate essential fatty acid accretion during intrauterine growth. These rates of essential fatty acid accretion were used to predict that 400 mg/kg of body weight for omega-6 fatty acids and 50 mg/kg of body weight for omega-3 fatty acids per day would be used ...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Clandinin MT,Chappell JE,Heim T,Swyer PR,Chance GW

更新日期：1981-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：UNLABELLED:The aim of the study was to determine the effect of a low oral dose of erythromycin on whole gastrointestinal transit time [WGTT]. Erythromycin [EM] [1.5 mg/kg, 6 hourly] or placebo was given first over 7 days in a double blind randomized crossover study of 21 preterm infants with feed intolerance. Median [r...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Costalos C,Gavrili V,Skouteri V,Gounaris A

更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00