Abstract:
:Toolmark analysis involves examining marks created on an object to identify the likely tool responsible for creating those marks (e.g., a knife). Although a potentially powerful forensic tool, knife mark analysis is still in its infancy and the validation of imaging techniques as well as quantitative approaches is ongoing. This study builds on previous work by simulating real-world stabbings experimentally and statistically exploring quantitative toolmark properties, such as cut mark angle captured by micro-CT imaging, to predict the knife responsible. In Experiment 1 a mechanical stab rig and two knives were used to create 14 knife cut marks on dry pig ribs. The toolmarks were laser and micro-CT scanned to allow for quantitative measurements of numerous toolmark properties. The findings from Experiment 1 demonstrated that both knives produced statistically different cut mark widths, wall angle and shapes. Experiment 2 examined knife marks created on fleshed pig torsos with conditions designed to better simulate real-world stabbings. Eight knives were used to generate 64 incision cut marks that were also micro-CT scanned. Statistical exploration of these cut marks suggested that knife type, serrated or plain, can be predicted from cut mark width and wall angle. Preliminary results suggest that knives type can be predicted from cut mark width, and that knife edge thickness correlates with cut mark width. An additional 16 cut marks walls were imaged for striation marks using scanning electron microscopy with results suggesting that this approach might not be useful for knife mark analysis. Results also indicated that observer judgements of cut mark shape were more consistent when rated from micro-CT images than light microscopy images. The potential to combine micro-CT data, medical grade CT data and photographs to develop highly realistic virtual models for visualisation and 3D printing is also demonstrated. This is the first study to statistically explore simulated real-world knife marks imaged by micro-CT to demonstrate the potential of quantitative approaches in knife mark analysis. Findings and methods presented in this study are relevant to both forensic toolmark researchers as well as practitioners. Limitations of the experimental methodologies and imaging techniques are discussed, and further work is recommended.
journal_name
Forensic Sci Intjournal_title
Forensic science internationalauthors
Norman DG,Watson DG,Burnett B,Fenne PM,Williams MAdoi
10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.12.039subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-02-01 00:00:00pages
156-172eissn
0379-0738issn
1872-6283pii
S0379-0738(17)30555-8journal_volume
283pub_type
杂志文章abstract:UNLABELLED:INTRODUCTION/CONTEXT: Torture is widely practiced throughout the world and, yet, the ways by which torture is perpetrated, its regional similarities and differences, is not well understood. Our goal for this cases series was to elucidate the methods of torture practiced within different countries to both add...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.03.026
更新日期:2009-08-10 00:00:00
abstract::Fingerprint Recognition System is widely deployed in variety of application domain, ranging from forensic to mobile phones. Its widespread deployment in various applications were person authentication are required, has caused concern that a leaked fingerprint template may be used to reconstruct the original fingerprin...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.04.045
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::As part of the European project, Impaired Motorists, Methods of Roadside Testing and Assessment for Licensing, otherwise known as IMMORTAL (Deliverable R4.2), the University of Glasgow was required to analyse 1396 oral fluid samples, collected from drivers, for a wide range of drugs. A previously described method to i...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.02.025
更新日期:2005-06-10 00:00:00
abstract::The authors describe a technique for the gross examination of postmortem eyes of children who are suspected to have been the victims of deliberate trauma. By removing the anterior segment (cornea, iris, lens and pars plicata of the ciliary body) en bloc by a coronal incision through the pars plana just anterior to the...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0379-0738(92)90149-q
更新日期:1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Direct detection of amphetamine type stimulants (ATSs) including methylamphetamine (MA) in street samples and biological matrices without the need for pretreatment or extraction is a great challenge for forensic drug analysis. Electrochemical techniques, such as electrochemiluminescence (ECL), are promising tools for ...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.02.048
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The discovery in 1934 of the badly burned, pyjama clad body of a young woman protruding from a roadside culvert near Albury, N.S.W., led to one of the largest investigations in the history of Australian crime. Two simple errors, made by a local dentist with no previous experience in forensic odontology called by the p...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0379-0738(82)90110-4
更新日期:1982-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) are direct metabolites of ethanol and have been shown to be suitable markers for the evaluation of alcohol consumption. Previous research has suggested that the regular use of alcohol containing cosmetic products can influence the concentration of FAEE detected in hair. In this study we ...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.12.002
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two likelihood ratio (LR) approaches are presented to evaluate the strength of evidence of MDMA tablet comparisons. The first one is based on a more 'traditional' comparison of MDMA tablets by using distance measures (e.g., Pearson correlation distance or a Euclidean distance). In this approach, LRs are calculated usi...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.06.006
更新日期:2009-10-30 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper, a high performance liquid chromatographic method with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FL) for the determination of fenfluramine (Fen) and norfenfluramine (Norf) in human hair as biomarker metabolites of N-nitrosofenfluramine (N-Fen) is described. Washed and cut hair segments were extracted by ultrasonicati...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.03.018
更新日期:2004-11-10 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this study was to evaluate the applicability of human identification parameters, established by Tatlisumak et al. (2007), by means of cone-beam computed tomography and extraoral radiographs of the frontal sinus region. From a total of 58 dry skulls, 26 were selected. Posteroanterior, profile cephalome...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.03.030
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ingestion of an unknown quantity of Ludiomil (maprotiline)-costed tablets in a suicide is described. Although maprotiline is known for over 20 years now, relatively few cases of intoxications due to maprotiline overdose have been reported. The authors report a new and quick method to analyze and determine maprotiline ...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0379-0738(97)00064-9
更新日期:1997-08-04 00:00:00
abstract::Raman spectroscopy has been used for the development of a universal method for the identification of traces of all major body fluids. Multidimensional spectroscopic signatures, which account for the intrinsic sample heterogeneity and variations between donors, have been described for blood, semen, saliva, vaginal flui...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.04.021
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In vitro evaluation of the effect of five insecticidal phosphoric and 11 thiophosphoric acid esters on different, non-specific human leukocytes esterases indicated that most of the organic phosphor compounds studied inhibited the activity of neutral alpha-naphthylacetate esterase, alpha-naphthylbutyryl esterase, and n...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0379-0738(84)90192-0
更新日期:1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Luminescent lanthanide ions such as Eu3+ and Tb3+ show emission enhancement, when complexed with Ruhemann's Purples (RPs, reaction products of ninhydrin and ninhydrin analogs with amino acids) via intramolecular energy transfer from the RP ligands (good absorbers) to the ions Eu3+ and Tb+3 (efficient emitters). The au...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0379-0738(94)90345-x
更新日期:1994-06-10 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of absorption time, titer of antiserum or lectin in the absorption stage, and elution temperature on relative antibody or lectin yield in elutes in the absorption-elution procedure were studied in bloodstains and ammoniacal extracts of bloodstains using conventional grouping reagents. In addition, monoclon...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0379-0738(86)90182-9
更新日期:1986-07-14 00:00:00
abstract::HLA-DQA1 and polymarker (LDLR, GYPA, HBGG, D7S8, and GC) genotypic and allelic frequencies are determined for a population sample of 102 unrelated Basque individuals using PCR-based methodology. All six loci met Hardy-Weinberg expectations in at least two of the three analyses performed (HLA-DQA1 failed to meet Hardy-...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0379-0738(99)00202-9
更新日期:2000-02-14 00:00:00
abstract::Making the correct decision based on results from DNA analyses and other information in family reunification cases can be complicated for a number of reasons. These include stratified populations, cultural differences in family constellations, families with different population origin, and complicated family relations...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2006.12.015
更新日期:2007-10-25 00:00:00
abstract::We examined the distribution of drugs in a 49-year-old brain-dead man. Our objective was to determine the possibility of diagnosing how and at what point the patient became brain dead. The presence of mepivacaine, pentazocine, lidocaine and thiamylal in various tissues, including seven regions of the brain were confir...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0379-0738(97)00155-2
更新日期:1997-11-10 00:00:00
abstract::This is the first controlled study of torture victims published. Ten persons who alleged subjection to torture were examined by two different medical teams during the first months after torture. The testimonies of the probands were found to be credible and the method of examination was found to be reliable. The state ...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0379-0738(85)90111-2
更新日期:1985-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Age estimation is widely applied in several clinical and forensic fields. The radiographic evaluation of dental development is one of the most accepted tools for this purpose. Among the different methods proposed, Demirjian's method was the most extensively used and tested in the medical literature revealing that the ...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.03.015
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A highly polymorphic sequence structure is reported in the human beta-actin related pseudogene 2 (ACTBP2) (SE33) locus in members of the Taiwanese Han population. A total of 100 unrelated members of the Taiwanese Han population were used in the study. Alleles that shared the same size but differ in their sequence are ...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0379-0738(02)00350-x
更新日期:2002-12-04 00:00:00
abstract::Fibronectin plays an important role in tissue repair and wound healing. Previous literature reports indicated that fibronectin could be a marker of vitality for wounds with a survival time of more than a few minutes. In order to verify these findings were performed immunohistochemical investigations on the expression ...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0379-0738(98)00147-9
更新日期:1998-11-09 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The mandibular bone is an important part of the forensic facial reconstruction and it has the possibility of getting lost in skeletonized remains; for this reason, it is necessary to facilitate the identification process simulating the mandibular position only through craniomaxillary measures, for this task,...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.12.025
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Catecholamine (CA) levels in rat adrenals increase significantly over the first day post-mortem, but then decrease. This suggests that adrenal CA synthesis is active after death and stress the possibility that tissue levels of CAs may increase post-mortem. This has to be considered when evaluating post-mortem tissue C...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0379-0738(02)00451-6
更新日期:2003-03-12 00:00:00
abstract::Obtaining a genetic profile from pieces of evidence collected at a crime scene is the primary objective of forensic laboratories. New procedures, methods, kits, software or equipment must be carefully evaluated and validated before its implementation. The constant development of new methodologies for DNA testing leads...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.11.037
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::GHB has been implicated in many cases of suspected surreptitious administration with the purpose of increasing victim vulnerability to sexual assault. Low amounts of endogenous (or naturally occurring) GHB, which do not reach pharmacologically active levels, have been detected in alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages....
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.05.012
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:To validate a method for determining equivalent drug cutoff concentrations for tetrahydrocannabinol and amphetamine in blood and oral fluid, which ensures that the drug prevalence in samples of blood and oral fluid taken simultaneously is equal. METHODS:A method using regression analysis of drug concentrations for...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.06.024
更新日期:2011-10-10 00:00:00
abstract::Facial impalement injuries involve the danger of diagnostic pitfalls. Even if the penetrating object extends into the cranial cavity, the clinical symptoms and the radiological signs may be uncharacteristic. In order to illustrate the diagnostic problems, two cases of accidental impalement are reported. In both of the...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.09.001
更新日期:2009-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::One of the most consistently used methods of postmortem interval estimation (PMIE) is by means of body temperature measurements. Several variations of this method exist, from simple 'rules of the thumb' to quite complex equations requiring a knowledge of body mass and height. All of these methods employ a certain degr...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0379-0738(85)90163-x
更新日期:1985-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Allele frequencies have been calculated in 13 STR loci in a Roma (Gypsy) population sample from Greece. The data can be used in forensic cases. The comparison of the allele frequencies between the Roma and the Greeks showed significant differences for the majority of the loci. Furthermore comparison to another Romany ...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.03.021
更新日期:2006-03-10 00:00:00